Study of the Relationship between Concrete and its Reinforcement Elastic-Plastic Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Violetta Bratoshevskaya

The relationship between the elastic-plastic properties of concrete and its ability to resist the external loads and internal stresses effects arising under the influence of aggressive environmental factors has been studied. In concrete, micro-and macrocracks are filled with air and a liquid phase migrates with periodic environmental temperature, therefore, humidity changes. When the structure is compacted by crystalline hydrate neoplasms arising from supersaturated solutions, their surface increases and, correspondingly the part of water hydraulically bound to it also increases which changes its mobility with temperature. This entire system of interphase and single-phase structural bonds and interactions in concrete changes with fluctuations in humidity, cooling, and especially during phase transitions during freezing. The research found that the introduction of hydraulic additives into the binder, which carry a negative charge on their surface, leads to a charge change of the material structure pore space. The penetration kinetics of aggressive environments, adsorption interaction with the cement stone capillaries surface has been studied.

Author(s):  
В.В. Совгира ◽  
В.Н. Совгира

В статье приведены особенности процесса интенсивности развития деструкций, псевдопластического деформирования и разрушения однородно и неоднородно сжатого тяжелого бетона прочностью в диапазоне fc,10 = 23,6; 40,8; 71,0 МПа [2…5 и др.] и отмечаемое отличие процесса интенсивности развития деструкций, деформирования и разрушения одноосно сжатого тяжелого, мелкозернистого и керамзитового бетона прочностью fc,10 = 50,2; 54,9 и 36,9 МПа при «мягком» и «жестком» режимах нагружения одноосно сжатых бетонных призматических колонн 5 типоразмера. Выполнен анализ литературных источников с исследованиями изменения упруго-пластических характеристик vc, Еcsek тяжелого, мелкозернистого и конструкционного керамзитового бетона с учетом влияния значимых факторов и их изменение с увеличением уровня нагрузки при описании зависимости σc-εcх. Установлено, что рекомендованные строительными нормами vcи, и Ес одноосно сжатого бетона количественно и качественно не отражают характер изменения упруго-пластических свойств тяжелого, керамзитового и мелкозернистого бетона (цементно-песчаной матрицы) центрально сжатого бетона с ростом уровня нагрузки. Предложены аналитические выражения зависимости σc-εcх, описывающие опытные значения диаграмм деформирования одноосно сжатого тяжелого, мелкозернистого (цементно-песчаной матрицы) и керамзитобетона серии В призменной прочностью fc,10 =50,2; 54,9 и 36,9 МПа исследованных бетонных образцов 5 группы типоразмеров с «мягким» и «жестким» режимами нагружения. Приведены исследования, свидетельствующие о том, что механизм деформирования и процесс развития деструкций (разуплотнения) структуры цементного камня, тяжелого, мелкозернистого и керамзитобетона с ростом уровня нагрузки отражаются на нелинейном характере изменения упруго-пластических свойств: vc -коэффициента упругости; секущего модуля упругости Еcsek = Еc ∙vc, которые отображают реологические свойства цементных бетонов в рекомендуемых выражениях (1…3). Предложены аналитические выражения зависимости изменения коэффициентов упругости (vc) и коэффициентов интенсивности развития деструкций (KD) одноосно сжатых бетонов с ростом уровня нагрузки при «мягком» и «жестком» режимах нагружения исследованных серий цементных бетонов с использованием: εсx; εсlx ; νсu ; νс, отражающих процесс изменения упруго-пластических свойств тяжелого, керамзитового, мелкозернистого бетона и цементного камня на восходящих и нисходящих участках полных диаграмм деформирования цементных композитов при центральном сжатии кратковременной статической нагрузкой. Исследованиями отмечено, что интенсивность развития деструкций в структуре однородно нагруженного тяжелого бетона существенно (в 1,17 раза) ниже, чем в одноосно сжатом мелкозернистом (цементно-песчаной матрице) и керамзитовом бетоне, и в 1,52 раза менее в цементном камне. Экспериментами установлено характерное расположение уровней параметрических точек Ѳcх; fоcrс; fνcrс тяжелого бетона с ростом уровня нагрузки исследованных видов бетонов, отражающих интенсивность развития деструкций структуры цементных бетонов. The article presents the features of the process of the intensity of the development of destruction, pseudoplastic deformation and fracture of uniformly and inhomogeneously compressed heavy concrete with strength in the range fc,10 = 23,6; 40,8; 71,0 MPa [2...5 and others] and the marked difference in the intensity of the development of destruction, deformation and fracture of uniaxially compressed heavy, fine-grained and expanded clay concrete with strength fc,10 = 50,2; 54,9 and 36,9 MPa under the “soft” and “hard” loading conditions of uniaxially compressed concrete prismatic columns of the 5th standard size. An analysis of literary sources was carried out with studies of changes in the elastic-plastic characteristics of vc, Еcsek heavy, fine-grained and structural expanded clay concrete taking into account the influence of significant factors and their change with increasing load when describing the dependence σc-εcх. It was found that the recommended by the Building Standards vcи , and Ес uniaxially compressed concrete quantitatively and qualitatively do not reflect the nature of the change in the elastic-plastic properties of heavy, expanded clay and fine-grained concrete (cement-sand matrix) of centrally compressed concrete with increasing load level. Proposed analytical expressions of the dependence σc-εcх, describing experimental values of deformation diagrams of uniaxially compressed heavy, fine-grained (cement-sand matrix) and expanded clay concrete of series B with prismatic strength fc,10 = 50,2; 54,9 and 36,9 MPa of the investigated concrete samples of the 5th group of standard sizes with “soft” and “hard” loading conditions. Studies are given that indicate that the mechanism of deformation and the process of development of destructions (decompression) of the structure of cement stone, heavy, fine-grained and expanded clay concrete with increasing load level affects the nonlinear nature of the change in the elastic-plastic properties: vc - coefficient of elasticity; secant modulus of elasticity Еcsek = Еc ∙ vc , which reflect the rheological properties of cement concrete in recommended expressions (1...3). Analytical expressions are proposed for the dependence of changes in the elastic coefficients (vc) and the coefficient of developmental rate of destruction (KD) of uniaxially compressed concrete with an increase in the load level under the “soft” and “hard” loading conditions of the investigated series of cement concrete using: εсx; εсlx ; νсu ; νс , reflecting the process of changing the elastic-plastic properties of heavy, expanded clay, fine-grained concrete and cement stone in the ascending and descending sections of the complete diagrams of deformation of cement composites under central compression with a short-term static load. Studies have noted that the intensity of the development of destruction in the structure of uniformly loaded heavy concrete is significantly (1,17 times) lower than in uniaxially compressed fine-grained (cement-sand matrix) and expanded clay concrete and 1,52 times less in cement stone. The experiments established a characteristic arrangement of the levels of parametric points Ѳcх; fоcrс; fνcrс of heavy concrete with an increase in the load level of the investigated types of concrete, reflecting the intensity of the development of destruction of the structure of cement concrete.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 1963-1980
Author(s):  
Solomon Adomako ◽  
Christian John Engelsen ◽  
Rein Terje Thorstensen ◽  
Diego Maria Barbieri

AbstractRock aggregates constitute the enormous volume of inert construction material used around the globe. The petrologic description as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types establishes the intrinsic formation pattern of the parent rock. The engineering properties of these rocks vary due to the differences in the transformation process (e.g. hydrothermal deposits) and weathering effect. The two most common mechanical tests used to investigate the performance of aggregates are the Los Angeles (LA) and micro-Deval (MD) tests. This study reviewed the geological parameters (including mineralogy, grain and crystal size, grain shape, and porosity) and the relationship to Los Angeles and micro-Deval tests. It was found that high content of primary minerals in rocks (e.g. quartz and feldspar) is a significant parameter for performance evaluation. Traces of secondary and accessory minerals also affect the performance of rocks, although in many cases it is based on the percentage. Furthermore, some studies showed that the effect of mineralogic composition on mechanical strength is not sufficient to draw final conclusions of mechanical performance; therefore, the impact of other textural characteristics should be considered. The disposition of grain size and crystal size (e.g. as result of lithification) showed that rocks composed of fine-grain textural composition of ≤ 1 mm enhanced fragmentation and wear resistance than medium and coarse grained (≥ 1 mm). The effect of grain shape was based on convex and concave shapes and flat and elongated apexes of tested samples. The equidimensional form descriptor of rocks somehow improved resistance to impact from LA than highly flat and elongated particles. Lastly, the distribution of pore space investigated by means of the saturation method mostly showed moderate (R = 0.50) to strong (R = 0.90) and positive correlations to LA and MD tests.


Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Sergei Alexandrov ◽  
Elena Lyamina ◽  
Yeong-Maw Hwang

The present paper concerns the general solution for finite plane strain pure bending of incompressible, orthotropic sheets. In contrast to available solutions, the new solution is valid for inhomogeneous distributions of plastic properties. The solution is semi-analytic. A numerical treatment is only necessary for solving transcendent equations and evaluating ordinary integrals. The solution’s starting point is a transformation between Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates that is valid for a wide class of constitutive equations. The symmetric distribution relative to the center line of the sheet is separately treated where it is advantageous. It is shown that this type of symmetry simplifies the solution. Hill’s quadratic yield criterion is adopted. Both elastic/plastic and rigid/plastic solutions are derived. Elastic unloading is also considered, and it is shown that reverse plastic yielding occurs at a relatively large inside radius. An illustrative example uses real experimental data. The distribution of plastic properties is symmetric in this example. It is shown that the difference between the elastic/plastic and rigid/plastic solutions is negligible, except at the very beginning of the process. However, the rigid/plastic solution is much simpler and, therefore, can be recommended for practical use at large strains, including calculating the residual stresses.


2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Sina Amiri ◽  
Nora Lecis ◽  
Andrea Manes ◽  
Davide Mombelli ◽  
Marco Giglio

Different approaches have been proposed in order to determine the material behavior of ductile materials. Since, the mechanical properties of a mechanical component are modified during manufacturing process due to plastic deformation, heat treatment and etc, a non-destructive indentation experimental procedure addressed to predict the elastic-plastic properties of material after manufacturing process is of interest. This is especially true for small size components where it is complex to extract specimens to test on standard test system. Based on dimensionless analysis and the concept of a representative strain, different approaches have been proposed to determine the material properties of power law materials by using indentation process. In this work, the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive model of the aluminum alloy Al6061-T6 is characterized by means of a well-defined optimization procedure based on micro-indentation testing and high fidelity finite element models and an optimization procedure but without the concept of dimensionless analysis and a representative strain. This methodology allows determining a set of JC constants for Al6061-T6. The obtained results have good agreement with parameters calibrated by means of universal standard tests and reverse engineering approach.


2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Deb Nath ◽  
Hironori Tohmyoh ◽  
M. A. Salam Akanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dobretsova ◽  
Vadim Zhmykhov ◽  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Irina Chikulina ◽  
Marina Nikova ◽  
...  

The substitution of Al3+ with the larger Sc3+ in the Er:YSAG structure leads to improved elastic–plastic properties. The optical transmittance of the ceramics is affected strongly by including Sc3+ and is increased to up to 60% at about 1.5 μm.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 831-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yun-Fei Jia ◽  
Xian-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jian-Ming Gong

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamzam Golmohammadi ◽  
Farshid Sadeghi

A coupled multibody elastic–plastic finite element (FE) model was developed to investigate the effects of surface defects, such as dents on rolling contact fatigue (RCF). The coupled Voronoi FE model was used to determine the contact pressure acting over the surface defect, internal stresses, damage, etc. In order to determine the shape of a dent and material pile up during the over rolling process, a rigid indenter was pressed against an elastic plastic semi-infinite domain. Continuum damage mechanics (CDM) was used to account for material degradation during RCF. Using CDM, spall initiation and propagation in a line contact was modeled and investigated. A parametric study using the model was performed to examine the effects of dent sharpness, pile up ratio, and applied load on the spall formation and fatigue life. The spall patterns were found to be consistent with experimental observations from the open literature. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the dent shape and sharpness had a significant effect on pressure and thus fatigue life. Higher dent sharpness ratios significantly reduced the fatigue life.


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