An Experimental Study of Specific Energy in Grinding Granite

2004 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qing Yu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Xi Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Diamond Tools ◽  
Removal Mechanisms

An investigation is reported of the characteristics of specific energy in grinding of granite using diamond abrasives. The effects of many parameters, such as the types of diamond tools, the types of abrasives, the properties of granite, the conditions of lubrication, and the working conditions of diamond tools, were studied. The power consumed in grinding was measured in order to obtain the specific energy, which is defined as the energy expended per unit volume of material removal. It is found that the specific energy for grinding of granite was closely related to the removal mechanisms of granite, the failure modes of diamonds and the interactions of the swarf with the applied fluid and bond matrix.

Forces in Surface Grinding of Granites with a Brazed Diamond Wheel

2006 ◽  
Vol 315-316 ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
G.Q. Zhang ◽  
Y.J. Zhan ◽  
Xi Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Surface Grinding ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Tool Surface ◽  
Ductile Flow ◽  
Force Components

An experimental study was carried out to investigate the process in surface grinding of two kinds of typical granite with a brazed diamond wheel. The horizontal and vertical forces were measured to obtain the data for the tangential and vertical force components as well as specific energy. Micrograph observations on tool surface and granite surface were coupled to check the prevailing mechanisms for material removal. Although the red granite is more difficult to machine than the black granite, according to factory records, the normal and tangential force components and specific energy for red granite were lower than that for black one, which might be attributed to the high height protrusion of brazed tool and the more ductile flow occurred in the grinding arc of black granite compared to the red one.

Process Forces and Groove Development in Single Grain Scratch Tests of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kansteiner ◽  
Monika Kipp ◽  
Swetlana Herbrandt ◽  
Manuel Ferreira ◽  
Dirk Biermann
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Inhomogeneous Materials ◽  
Material Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Diamond Tools ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Scratch Tests

Diamond impregnated tools are commonly used for the machining of concrete and rocks, e.g. sawblades or core drills. These tools consist of a metal bond and randomly distributed diamonds. The grinding of inhomogeneous materials like concrete is a complex system which is interfered by a large number of influencing factors. Although simple models exist describing the material removal processes, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the fundamental mechanisms during grinding. Thus, the optimisation and development of diamond tools are mainly based on experience and empirical methods. Concrete is described as a compound material which exhibits different phases of minerals like cement and aggregate phases. In reinforced concrete, steel is a further phase which has got highly different properties in comparison to the mineral phases. The detailed analysis of the material removal mechanisms is difficult because of the random phase composition of concrete and the random diamond distribution within the tools as well. But, the knowledge of the material removal mechanisms are of vital interest for the development of efficient tools. A fundamental understanding of material removal processes and wear mechanisms can be drawn from single grain scratch tests. Recent developments in diamond tool manufacturing provide the defined positioning of diamond grains in the tool body. This offers new possibilities based on scratch tests regarding tool development. Thus, scratch tests on concrete and reinforced concrete were conducted using single grain diamond tools. First basic understanding was achieved by scratch tests with diamond indenters by varying feed speed and analysing the resulting forces. Detailed investigations were accomplished by installing a tribometer within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This setup allowed the analysis of the development of the resulting scratch groove.

Numerical-experimental study on the mechanisms of material removal during magnetic abrasive finishing of brittle materials using extended finite element method

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Pashmforoush ◽  
Abdolreza Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Extended Finite Element Method ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Extended Finite Element ◽  
Material Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Abrasive Finishing

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is an advanced machining process efficiently used for finishing of hard-to-machine materials. In this method, material removal takes place through nano-/microindentations in the presence of a controllable magnetic field generated via a permanent or an electronic magnet. Understanding the material removal mechanisms of the process is of particular importance for achievement of a high-quality surface with minimum surface defects. Therefore, in this work a numerical-experimental study was performed toward this issue using the extended finite element method (X-FEM). In this regard, the MAF operation was simulated as an indentation and sliding process of a sharp abrasive and the prevailing material removal mechanisms were obtained during MAF of BK7 optical glass. The constitutive material model for the specimen was defined according to the elastic-plastic-cracking model, which takes into account the tensile cracking and compressive yielding behavior of brittle materials. The X-FEM analysis revealed that both microcutting and microfracture mechanisms exist during MAF process of brittle materials depending on the process parameters. Among various parameters, magnetic particles size and abrasives size were the most influential factors affecting the dominant mechanism of material removal. The obtained numerical results were then validated experimentally by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM observations revealed good performance of X-FEM analysis in prediction of material removal mechanisms during MAF of brittle materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Water-Based Nanolubricants in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Grinding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Molaie ◽  
Ali Zahedi ◽  
Javad Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Tangential Force ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Mql Grinding ◽  
Water Based

Currently, because of stricter environmental standards and highly competitive markets, machining operations, as the main part of the manufacturing cycle, need to be rigorously optimized. In order to simultaneously maximize the production quality and minimize the environmental issues related to the grinding process, this research study evaluates the performance of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding using water-based nanofluids in the presence of horizontal ultrasonic vibrations (UV). In spite of the positive impacts of MQL using nanofluids and UV which are extensively reported in the literature, there is only a handful of studies on concurrent utilization of these two techniques. To this end, for this paper, five kinds of water-based nanofluids including multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), graphite, Al2O3, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, and hybrid Al2O3/graphite were employed as MQL coolants, and the workpiece was oscillated along the feed direction with 21.9 kHz frequency and 10 µm amplitude. Machining forces, specific energy, and surface quality were measured for determining the process efficiency. As specified by experimental results, the variation in the material removal nature made by ultrasonic vibrations resulted in a drastic reduction of the grinding normal force and surface roughness. In addition, the type of nanoparticles dispersed in water had a strong effect on the grinding tangential force. Hybrid Al2O3/graphite nanofluid through two different kinds of lubrication mechanisms—third body and slider layers—generated better lubrication than the other coolants, thereby having the lowest grinding forces and specific energy (40.13 J/mm3). It was also found that chemically exfoliating the graphene layers via oxidation and then purification prior to dispersion in water promoted their effectiveness. In conclusion, UV assisted MQL grinding increases operation efficiency by facilitating the material removal and reducing the use of coolants, frictional losses, and energy consumption in the grinding zone. Improvements up to 52%, 47%, and 61%, respectively, can be achieved in grinding normal force, specific energy, and surface roughness compared with conventional dry grinding.

Material removal mechanisms by EDM of zirconia reinforced MWCNT nanocomposites

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 5792-5801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Melk ◽  
Marta-Lena Antti ◽  
Marc Anglada
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Material Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Removal Mechanisms

A Discussion on Removal Mechanisms in Grinding Polycrystalline Diamond

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florestan Schindler ◽  
Richard Brocker ◽  
Fritz Klocke ◽  
Patrick Mattfeld
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Material Removal Mechanism ◽  
Mesoscopic Scale ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Brittle Behavior ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
First Time

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) grinding takes an important role in the field of tool manufacture. Regardless, there is still lack of process knowledge about the occurring material removal mechanisms in PCD grinding. In order to get a better understanding of the process characteristics, the surface integrity zone of PCD inserts has been analyzed in detail after grinding for the first time. The drawn conclusion questions solely ductile or brittle behavior as removal mechanisms. Both thermal and mechanical process loads during the grinding process lead to thermophysical and chemical effects on a micro- and mesoscopic-scale and might thus have a significant impact on the material removal mechanism.

Study of material removal mechanisms in grinding of C/SiC composites via single-abrasive scratch tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 4729-4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchen Li ◽  
Xiang Ge ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yingbin Hu ◽  
Fuda Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Material Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Scratch Tests
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