Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ni33Fe67 and Ni21Fe79 Films Deposited on SiO2/Si(100) at 633 K by DC Magnetron Co-Sputtering

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1141-1144
Author(s):  
Xiao Bai Chen ◽  
Hong Qiu ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Yue Tian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Bcc Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

180nm-thick Ni33Fe67 and Ni21Fe79 films were deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrates at 633 K by DC magnetron co-sputtering. Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, a four-point probe technique and an alternating gradient magnetometer. The Ni21Fe79 film has a single bcc structure whereas the Ni33Fe67 film is a fcc-bcc mixed phase. The films grow with granular grains. The grain shape of the Ni21Fe79 film is triangular and rectangular. The Ni33Fe67 film consists of irregular shaped grains and a few large triangular grains. The grain size of the Ni21Fe79 film is larger than that of the Ni33Fe67 film. The resistivities of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 1.82×10-63m and 1.09×10-63m. The saturation magnetization of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 1.09×106 A/m and 1.02×106 A/m. The coercivity of the Ni21Fe79 and Ni33Fe67 films are 2.06×104 A/m and 8.84×103 A/m , respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Nanostructured Fluorapatite Formation from CaO, CaF2 and P2O5 Precursors by Mechanochemical Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Raheleh Nikonam Mofrad ◽  
Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad ◽  
Jalil Vahdati Khaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

We determined the mechanism of mechanochemical synthesis of fluorapatite from CaO, CaF2 and P2O5 by characterisation of the intermediate compounds. We used atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to find the transitional compounds. Investigation of the binary and ternary powder mixtures revealed the appearance of H3PO4, Ca(OH)2, Ca2P2O7 and CaCO3 as the intermediate compounds. At early stages of the milling, conversions of P2O5 to H3PO4 and CaO to Ca(OH)2 occurred in the wet atmosphere. Later, a combination of Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 formed C a2P2O7 while the unreacted CaO was converted to CaCO3 by CO2 of the ambient atmosphere. Spherical crystalline Ca10 (PO4)6F2 particles formed after 48 hours of milling due to the reaction between Ca2P2O7, CaCO3 and CaF2.

scholarly journals Fabrication and magnetic properties of hierarchical nickel microwires with nanothorns

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Zhang ◽  
Ling Yang ◽  
Xiaofang Cheng ◽  
Jinmeng Zhang ◽  
Fucai Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cooperative Effect ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractHierarchical nickel microwires with nanothorns were fabricated through a reduction of nickelous salt with hydrazine in diethanolamine. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The growth mechanism of the nickel microwires with nanothorns is proposed, based on the evolution of the structures and morphologies, which could be ascribed to the cooperative effect of the complexant of diethanolamine and inherent magnetic interactions. Magnetic properties of the product were measured at room temperature and compared with other shaped counterparts.

Study of Ru barrier failure in the Cu/Ru/Si system

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Damayanti ◽  
T. Sritharan ◽  
S.G. Mhaisalkar ◽  
E. Phoon ◽  
L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reaction mechanisms and related microstructures in the Cu/Si, Ru/Si, and Cu/Ru/Si metallization system were studied experimentally. With the help of sheet resistance measurements, x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, the metallization structure with Ru barrier layer was observed to fail completely at temperatures around 700 °C, regardless of the Ru thickness because of the formation of polycrystalline Ru2Si3 followed by Cu3Si protrusions.

Effect of Variables the HDDR Processing on Magnetic Properties and Microstructure in Permanent Magnets Based on Pr-Fe-B

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
P.B. Santos ◽  
S.C. Silva ◽  
Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr. ◽  
Hidetoshi Takiishi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The first goal of this work involved the study of the effect of variables the HDDR processing, such as: the added pressure of H2 in the system, the time of heat treatment and recombination of Pr12Fe65.9Co16B6Nb0.1 alloy with the aim of improving the magnetic properties like the magnetic properties of the Pr14Fe63.9Co16B6Nb0.1 alloy (Br= 865mT and iHc= 790mT). The second aim of the work involved the characterization of HDDR powders that were analyzed by X-ray diffraction for identification and quantification of crystalline phases. These materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Correlation between Structural, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Properties of Mg Substituted CoFe2O4

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnana Praveena Nethala ◽  
Ravindar Tadi ◽  
Aroli Venkateswara Anupama ◽  
Satish Laxman Shinde ◽  
V. Veeraiah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Mössbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Mossbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Mg substituted cobalt ferrite spinel powder samples with the general formula MgxCO1-xFe2O4(x = 0 to 0.25) were synthesized chemically through sol-gel method and annealed at 1100 °C for 2 h. They were initially screened for the structural and morphological properties by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Vibrational properties of the samples were studied by Raman and infrared spectroscopies. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single pure or near-pure phase with cubic spinel structure for all the samples with expected occupancy values. The field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a decrease in the particle size with an increase in Mg concentration. Both structural and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized using Mössbauer spectroscopy while the magnetic properties were studied using vibrating sample magnetometry. The changes in magnetic moment of ions, their coupling with neighboring ions and cation exchange interactions were confirmed from the Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis. Saturation magnetization and coercivity values can be explained based on the Slater-Pauling curve. The magnetometry results showed a decrease in saturation magnetization of the samples with increase in Mg concentration

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

PENINGKATAN LAJU DISOLUSI ACYCLOVIR DENGAN METODE SISTEM DISPERSI PADAT MENGGUNAKAN POLOXAMER 188

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Erizal Zaini ◽  
Salman Umar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sebuah penelitian tentang sistem dispersi padat dari asiklovir dengan poloxamer 188 telah dilakukan formulasi dengan pencampuran secara fisika dengan rasio 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan dispersi padat 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 dan penggilingan 1:1 sebagai pembanding. Dispersi padat dibuat menggunakan metode pencairan (fusi), yang digabung dengan poloxamer 188 pada hotplate kemudian asiklovir dimasukkan ke dalam hasil poloxamer 188 lalu di kocok hingga membentuk masa homogen. Semua formula yang terbentuk termasuk asiklovir poloxamer 188 murni dianalisis karakterisasinya dengan Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), kemudian pengambilan dilakukan  (penentuan kadar) mengunakan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 257,08 nm dan uji laju disolusi dengan aquadest bebas CO2 menggunakan metode dayung. Hasil pengambilan  (penentuan kadar) menunjukkan bahwa semua formula memenuhi persyaratan farmakope Amerika edisi 30 dan farmakope Indonesia edisi 4 yaitu 95-110%. Sedangkan hasil uji laju disolusi untuk campuran fisik 1: 1, dan dispersi padat 1: 1, dan penggilingan 1: 1 menunjukkan peningkatan yang nyata dibandingkan asiklovir murni. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari hasil perhitungan statistik  menggunakan analisis varian satu arah  SPSS 17.

Structural Characterization of Gallbladder Stones Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Almarshad ◽  
Sayed M. Badawy ◽  
Abdalkarem F. Alsharari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Pure Cholesterol ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim and Objective: Formation of the gallbladder stones is a common disease and a major health problem. The present study aimed to identify the structures of the most common types of gallbladder stones using X-ray spectroscopic techniques, which provide information about the process of stone formation. Material and Method: Phase and elemental compositions of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones removed from gallbladders of patients were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Results: The crystal structures of gallstones which coincide with standard patterns were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Plate-like cholesterol crystals with laminar shaped and thin layered structures were clearly observed for gallstone of pure cholesterol by scanning electron microscopy; it also revealed different morphologies from mixed cholesterol stones. Elemental analysis of pure cholesterol and mixed gallstones using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the different formation processes of the different types of gallstones. Conclusion: The method of fast and reliable X-ray spectroscopic techniques has numerous advantages over the traditional chemical analysis and other analytical techniques. The results also revealed that the X-ray spectroscopy technique is a promising technique that can aid in understanding the pathogenesis of gallstone disease.

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