Diameter Effect on Detonation Velocity of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

2007 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumi Miyake ◽  
Hidefumi Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Echigoya ◽  
Katsumi Katoh ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Charge Diameter ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

To obtain a better understanding of detonation properties of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube test with several diameters was carried out for various compositions of powdered AN and AC mixtures and the influence of the charge diameter on the detonation velocity was investigated. The results of test indicated that the detonation velocity increased with the increase of the charge diameter. The experimentally observed values were far below the theoretically predicted values made by the thermohydrodynamic CHEETAH code and they showed so-called non-ideal detonation. The extrapolated detonation velocity of stoichiometric composition to the infinite diameter showed a good agreement with the theoretical value.

NON-IDEAL DETONATION PROPERTIES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE AND ACTIVATED CARBON MIXTURES

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATSUMI MIYAKE ◽  
HIROSHI ECHIGOYA ◽  
HIDEFUMI KOBAYASHI ◽  
TERUSHIGE OGAWA ◽  
KATSUMI KATOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Charge Diameter ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

To obtain a better understanding of detonation properties of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube tests with several diameters were carried out for various compositions of powdered AN and AC mixtures and the influence of the charge diameter on the detonation velocity was investigated. The results showed that the detonation velocity increased with the increase of the charge diameter. The experimentally observed values were far below the theoretically predicted values made by the thermodynamic CHEETAH code and they showed so-called non-ideal detonation. The extrapolated detonation velocity of stoichiometric composition to the infinite diameter showed a good agreement with the theoretical value.

Detonation Velocity and Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

2007 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumi Miyake ◽  
Hiroshi Echigoya ◽  
Hidefumi Kobayashi ◽  
Katsumi Katoh ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Detonation Velocity And Pressure ◽  
Predicted Values

To obtain a better understanding of detonation properties of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube test was carried out for stoichiometric composition of powdered AN and AC mixtures and the detonation velocity and the pressure profile were measured. Based on the results obtained the relation between the detonation velocity and the peak pressure was discussed with the theoretically predicted values which were obtained by the thermohydrodynamic CHEETAH code with the BKWC equation of state. The measured detonation velocity and peak pressure were far below the theoretically predicted values and the non-ideal detonation behaviour was confirmed.

Pressure Measurement of Non-Ideal Detonation in Ammonium Nitrate Based High Energetic Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuki Yamamoto ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
Tei Saburi ◽  
Yuji Wada ◽  
Atsumi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Detonation Pressure ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Detonation Velocity And Pressure

In order to know accurate information on the non-ideal detonation pressure, steel tube test was carried out on ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures. In this test, detonation velocity and pressure were measured simultaneously by varying thickness of PMMA placed between AN/AC and pressure gauge. The length and the diameter of the steel tube were 350 mm and 35.5 mm. The results showed that shock pressure attenuation in PMMA was not observed for this experimental condition (PMMA gap; 3-5 mm). The averaged measured peak pressure and detonation velocity were 3.4 GPa and 3.2 km/s.

Detonation Velocity and Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

2007 ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Atsumi Miyake ◽  
Hiroshi Echigoya ◽  
Hidefumi Kobayashi ◽  
Katsumi Katoh ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Detonation Velocity And Pressure

Diameter Effect on Detonation Velocity of Ammonium Nitrate and Activated Carbon Mixtures

2007 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Atsumi Miyake ◽  
Hidefumi Kobayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Echigoya ◽  
Katsumi Katoh ◽  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Detonation Velocity ◽  
Diameter Effect

scholarly journals Seasonal Estimates and Uncertainties of Snow Accumulation from CloudSat Precipitation Retrievals

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
George Duffy ◽  
Fraser King ◽  
Ralf Bennartz ◽  
Christopher G. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement

CloudSat is often the only measurement of snowfall rate available at high latitudes, making it a valuable tool for understanding snow climatology. The capability of CloudSat to provide information on seasonal and subseasonal time scales, however, has yet to be explored. In this study, we use subsampled reanalysis estimates to predict the uncertainties of CloudSat snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation measurements at various space and time resolutions. An idealized/simulated subsampling model predicts that CloudSat may provide seasonal SWE estimates with median percent errors below 50% at spatial scales as small as 2° × 2°. By converting these predictions to percent differences, we can evaluate CloudSat snowfall accumulations against a blend of gridded SWE measurements during frozen time periods. Our predictions are in good agreement with results. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of the percent differences between the two measurements all match predicted values within eight percentage points. We interpret these results to suggest that CloudSat snowfall estimates are in sufficient agreement with other, thoroughly vetted, gridded SWE products. This implies that CloudSat may provide useful estimates of snow accumulation over remote regions within seasonal time scales.

Thermoelectric Power of the Liquid Sn—Te Alloy

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Kurlat ◽  
M. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Band Model ◽  
Liquid Alloys ◽  
Sphere Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Two Band Model

The Seebeck coefficient (S) of Sni1-x- Tex liquid alloys was measured as a function of concentration and temperature. For 0 ≦ x <0.45 the behaviour is metallic; S values are small and negative, rising linearly with temperature. The predicted values of Ziman's theory when using the hard sphere approximation disagree with the experimental ones. The change in sign occurs for 0.45. For x = 0.5 (stoichiometric composition) the thermoelectric power decreases linearly with temperature. This fact is explained assuming a two-band model. For x ≧ 0.6 the liquid alloy becomes more semiconducting and presents a maximum in the isotherms of S for x = 0.65. For the excess tellurium concentration range we have calculated the difference EF - EV and γ/kB, assuming a S(1/T) law. The experimental values are compared with those of Dancy and Glazov.

Calculation of Punch Force and Maximum Pressure for Tube Extrusion

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-H. Zhang ◽  
Y.-L. Shang
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Physical Modeling ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Punch Force ◽  
Tube Extrusion ◽  
Tooling System ◽  
Very High ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Punch force and maximum pressure for tube extrusion can be predicted with an upper bound theory-based program POLSK. Experiments of steel tube extrusion and wax physical modeling were performed. The punch force and the maximum pressure values were obtained. Comparisons were made among the experimental results, physical modeling results and upper bound predictions. It was found that a medium extrusion coefficient causes the lowest pressure on the tooling system, very low and very high extrusion coefficients can both cause very high pressure. It is proved that the upper bound predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results and the upper bound program is suitable for use of steel tube extrusion design.

Prediction of Thermal Conductivities of Fibre Reinforced Composites using a Thermal-Electrical Analogy

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-644
Author(s):  
Young Jun Cho ◽  
Jae Ryoun Youn ◽  
Tae Jin Kang ◽  
Sung Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Electrical Analogy ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

An approach for predicting the effective thermal conductivities of fibre reinforced composites has been developed, based on a thermal-electrical analogy. In the voxelization method, the unit cell of the laminate composites is divided into a number of volume elements, and the material properties considering the local variations of fibre orientation have been given to each element. By constructing a series-parallel thermal resistance network, the thermal conductivities of a fibre reinforced composite in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions have been predicted. The reported thermal conductivities of a graphite/epoxy composite of a balanced plain weave laminate were used for the comparison with the predicted values of the model, and good agreement was found.

Quantifying the thickness of each color material in multilayer transparent specimen based on transmission image

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2522-2532
Author(s):  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Hua Shen ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Color Film ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Transmission Image ◽  
Multilayer Specimen ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Physical Thickness ◽  
Good Agreement

Combing the color transmission image and the Beer–Lambert law shows a great application prospect in quantifying each material in multilayer specimen. Here, a novel, low-cost, and efficient optical algorithm is proposed to predict the thickness of each color material in a multilayer specimen from the color transmission image based on the Beer–Lambert Law. In this work, a normal scanner is employed to achieve the color transmission image of the monochrome transparent films. RGB values represent the transmitted intensity. A linear relationship between the optical depth and physical thickness is observed under different monochromatic lights. It is supposed that for a multilayer transparent film which consisted of different monochrome transparent films, the optical depth is related to the physical thickness of each monochrome transparent component. Therefore, an estimating equation is proposed to predict the thickness of each color material in the multilayer specimen. According to the result, the standard deviation of predicted thickness and practical thickness of each color film in the multilayer specimen is 0.93%. Fairly good agreement and high accuracy are obtained between the practical and predicted values, and the validity of this method is confirmed.

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