The Recent Progress of FGM on Nuclear Materials - Design and Fabrication of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material High Heat Flux Components for Fusion Reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jian Zhou ◽  
Yong Jin Yum ◽  
Chang Chun Ge
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Graded Structures

Two kinds of W/Cu functionally graded material based high heat flux components, including monoblock concept and flat tile concept, are designed and fabricated. Thermally induced stresses and strains under operation conditions in these components are analyzed using finite element analysis. The effect on stress and strain of using different graded structures to join Cu to W is examined and compared. There has no obvious difference on operation thermal stress mitigating between monoblock design and flat tile design. The component with monoblock concept was fabricated by a one step fast resistance sintering, and the component with flat tile concept was fabricated by infiltration-welding method successfully.

High Heat Flux Testing of B4C/Cu and SiC/Cu Functionally Graded Materials Simulated by Laser and Electron Beam

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xiang ◽  
Chen Ji-ming ◽  
Zhang Fu ◽  
Xu Zeng-yu ◽  
Ge Chang-chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Graded Materials

Finite Element Analysis of Human Tibia Modeled as a Functionally Graded Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Tiwari ◽  
Pankaj Wahi ◽  
Niraj Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Tibia ◽  
Graded Material

Human tibia, the second largest bone in human body, is made of complex biological material having inhomogeneity and anisotropy in such a manner that makes it a functionally graded material. While analyses of human tibia assuming it to be made of different material regions have been attempted in past, functionally graded nature of the bone in the mechanical analysis has not been considered. This study highlights the importance of functional grading of material properties in capturing the correct stress distribution from the finite element analysis (FEA) of human tibia under static loading. Isotropic and orthotropic material properties of different regions of human tibia have been graded functionally in three different manners and assigned to the tibia model. The nonfunctionally graded and functionally graded models of tibia have been compared with each other. It was observed that the model in which functional grading was not performed, uneven distribution and unrealistic spikes of stresses occurred at the interfaces of different material regions. On the contrary, the models with functional grading were free from this potential artifact. Hence, our analysis suggests that functional grading is essential for predicting the actual distribution of stresses in the entire bone, which is important for biomechanical analysis. We find that orthotropic nature of the bone tends to increase the maximum von Mises stress in the entire tibia, while inclusion of cross-sectional inhomogeneity typically increases the stresses across normal cross section. Accordingly, our analysis suggests that both orthotropy as well as cross-sectional inhomogeneity should be included to correctly capture the stress distribution in the bone.

On modal analysis of axially functionally graded material beam under hygrothermal effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Rahul Singh ◽  
Muzamal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hygrothermal Effect ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Eigen Frequencies ◽  
Axially Functionally Graded Material

This investigation focuses on the modal analysis of an axially functionally graded material beam under hygrothermal effect. The material constants of the beam are supposed to be graded smoothly along the axial direction under both power law and sigmoid law distribution. A finite element analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 5.2) package is used to find the Eigen frequencies of the beam. The accuracy of the technique is authenticated by relating the results with the prior investigation for reduced case. The effects of moisture changes, temperature, and volume fraction index, length-to-thickness ratio on the Eigen frequencies are investigated in detail. It is believed that the present investigation may be useful in the design of highly efficient environmental sensors for structural health monitoring perspective.

Analytical Model for a Functionally Graded Material/Shape Memory Alloy Laminated Composite Cantilever Beam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Zaki ◽  
N. V. Viet
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Concentrated Force ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Graded Material

Based on the ZM model for shape memory alloys, an analytical model is derived for a functionally graded material (FGM)/shape memory alloy (SMA) laminated composite cantilever beam subjected to concentrated force at the tip. The beam consists of a SMA core layer bonded to identical FGM layers on both sides. The FGM layer is considered to be elastic with an equivalent Young’s modulus related to those of the constituents by means of a power law. Phase transformation within the SMA layer is accounted for in deriving the analytical relations, which are validated against finite element analysis results.

Development of Functionally Graded Coating Based Plasma Facing Materials for Fusion Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Chang Chun Ge ◽  
Shuang Quan Guo ◽  
Yun Biao Feng ◽  
Zhang Jian Zhou ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Plasma Spray ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Tungsten Coating ◽  
Plasma Facing Materials

Different coating technologies, such as plasma spray (PS), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which can fabricate the PFM and join it to heat sink materials simultaneously, were applied for the fabrication of plasma facing materials (PFM) in fusion reactor. In the Institute of Nuclear Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), the concept of functionally graded materials (FGM) was adopted to fabricate coatings for effectively alleviating the thermal stress generated between coatings and the substrate materials under high heat flux loading (5~20 MW/m2). In the last several years, functionally graded coatings, including B4C/Cu, W/Cu and Mo/Cu systems were successfully fabricated by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). Characterization of coatings was performed in order to assess microstructure, mechanical properties and high heat flux properties of the FGM coatings. Furthermore, a high thick tungsten coating with 4 mm on copper – chromium - zirconium (Cu, Cr, Zr) alloy substrates was fabricated by APS. The porosity of the coating is less than 2% while mean tensile strength of the coating is about 7 MPa. However, the content of oxygen in the coating is about 6 wt% by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis, thus further optimization is necessary.

scholarly journals Free vibration characteristics of sectioned unidirectional/bidirectional functionally graded material cantilever beams based on finite element analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1787-1804
Author(s):  
N. V. Viet ◽  
W. Zaki ◽  
Quan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Free Vibration ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Graded Material

AbstractAdvancements in manufacturing technology, including the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM), allow the fabrication of complex functionally graded material (FGM) sectioned beams. Portions of these beams may be made from different materials with possibly different gradients of material properties. The present work proposes models to investigate the free vibration of FGM sectioned beams based on one-dimensional (1D) finite element analysis. For this purpose, a sample beam is divided into discrete elements, and the total energy stored in each element during vibration is computed by considering either Timoshenko or Euler-Bernoulli beam theories. Then, Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the equations of motion for the beam. The effects of material properties and dimensions of FGM sections on the beam’s natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are then investigated based on a dynamic Timoshenko model (TM). The presented model is validated by comparison with three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations of the first three mode shapes of the beam.

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