Enhanced Battery Pack for Electric Vehicle: Noise Reduction and Increased Stiffness

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hartmann ◽  
Martin Roschitz ◽  
Ziad Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Vehicle Noise

Vibration and the noise through vibration have always been major topics for the design of vehicles. An electric vehicle presents different challenges to a conventional driven vehicle, as a combustion engine produces different exciter frequencies. In this work, the Finite Element (FE) Optimisation software OptiStruct [1] was used to optimise the battery pack design to raise the natural frequencies of the battery housing above the range of model vehicle exciter frequencies. The new design increased the stiffness of the battery pack. Additionally, there was a reduction in wall thickness and a corresponding weight reduction of almost 20%.

scholarly journals Recent progress in battery electric vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110052
Author(s):  
Xia Hua ◽  
Alan Thomas ◽  
Kurt Shultis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Noise ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Transfer Case ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Noise Vibration

As battery electric vehicle (BEV) market share grows so must our understanding of the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) phenomenon found inside the BEVs which makes this technological revolution possible. Similar to the conventional vehicle having encountered numerous NVH issues until today, BEV has to face many new and tough NVH issues. For example, conventional vehicles are powered by the internal combustion engine (ICE) which is the dominant noise source. The noises from other sources were generally masked by the combustion engine, thus the research focus was on the reduction of combustion engine while less attention was paid to noises from other sources. A BEV does not have ICE, automatic transmission, transfer case, fuel tank, air intake, or exhaust systems. In their place, there is more than enough space to accommodate the electric drive unit and battery pack. BEV is quieter without a combustion engine, however, the research on vehicle NVH is even more significant since the elimination of the combustion engine would expose many noise behaviors of BEV that were previously ignored but would now seem clearly audible and annoying. Researches have recently been conducted on the NVH of BEV mainly emphasis on the reduction of noise induced by powertrain, tire, wind and ancillary system and the improvement of sound quality. This review paper will focus on recent progress in BEV NVH research to advance the BEV systems in the future. It is a review for theoretical, computational, and experimental work conducted by both academia and industry in the past few years.

A Methodological Approach for Supporting the Thermal Design of Li-Ion Battery for Customized Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Li Ion

An important issue in the mechanical industry is the reduction of the time to market, in order to meet quickly the customer needs. This goal is very important for SMEs that produce small lots of customized products. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, vehicles powered by electric motors seem to be the most suitable alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The market of customized electric vehicles is a niche market suitable for SMEs. Nowadays, the energy storage system of an electric vehicle powertrain consists of several Li-ion cells arranged in a container called battery pack. Particularly, the battery unit is considered as the most critical component in electric vehicle, because it impacts on performance and life cycle cost. Currently, the design of a battery pack mostly depends on the related market size. A longer design time is expected in the case of a large scale production. While a small customized production requires more agility and velocity in the design process. The proposed research focuses on a design methodology to support the designer in the evaluation of the battery thermal behavior. This work has been applied in the context of a customized small production. As test case, an urban electric light commercial vehicle has been analyzed. The designed battery layout has been evaluated and simulated using virtual prototyping tools. A cooling configuration has been analyzed and then prototyped in a physical vehicle. The virtual thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery has been validated at the test bench. The real operational conditions have been analyzed reproducing several ECE-15 driving cycles and many acceleration runs at different load values. Thermocouples have measured the temperature values during the physical experiments, in order to validate the analytical thermal profile evaluated with the proposed design approach.

Evolution of Flexible Modular Electric Vehicle Platforms among Automotive Industry and its Influence on Battery Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ganesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Platform Architecture ◽  
Body In White ◽  
Platform Development

The recent increase in electric vehicle (EV) growth influencing the need for dedicated EV platform development work among vehicle manufacturers. The EV Platform is an aggregation of sheet metal components, battery pack and electric powertrain components. The platform architecture influences design, development and integration of battery pack into vehicle and the lead time for new product development and Time to Market (TTM). This article discusses the evolution of conventional Body in White (BIW) to flexible modular skateboard platforms in EV segments and how it influences the battery pack integration. It discusses the benefits and challenges in the platform workstream and how automakers are preparing for a shift from conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) derivative platform to native EV platform to take advantages in policy decisions and scale benefits on the overall EV ecosystem.

AN IMPROVED ARMORED VEHICLE KRAZ “FIONA” NOISE SILENCER

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Fedorov ◽  
Vasyl’ Yanovsky ◽  
Dmytro Kovalshuk
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Armored Vehicle

Ecological requirements for cars grow from year to year, both in the world as a whole, and in Ukraine in particular. This is especially true of noise pollution. Additionally, noise reduction becomes relevant, taking into account the conduct of military operations during the last 5 years on the territory of Ukraine. The war has caused a special need for military vehicles for which masking properties are vital. Noise is a serious disincentive factor. Therefore, its reduction for a military vehicle, apart from the environmental aspect, is of a purely military nature, that is, it is extremely important. The car has many sources of noise there are many ways to deal with them. One of the most powerful source of noise is the sleeping bag. This kind of noise is reduced by means of silencers of noise. The vast majority of silencer data in the basis of its design has a reactive (or resonant) muffler. To calculate the jet silencer you must know the speed of sound in the sleeping bags. In order to increase the acoustic efficiency of reactive and resonant mufflers of exhaust gases noise of the ICE of cars, an experimental method was proposed for determining the speed of sound in the sleighs. Implementation of the method is carried out by measuring the attenuation of acoustic waves. The noise level of the bedrooms is measured without silencer and silencer. Based on the data obtained, the noise reduction performance of the residual is established. From the well-known formula, based on the calculation of the efficiency of the silencing of a jet muffler, a formula is obtained for calculating the speed of sound in the sleeping quays. In this formula, all parameters are known: the level of silencer efficiency, the noise level of the sleeping, the ratio of areas of cross sections of the muffler and the inlet pipe and the length of the muffler. The sound speed thus established can continue to be used not only for engines of the type for which measurements and calculations were made, but also with a certain approximation for some other types of engines. This method provides high accuracy for determining the required parameter. In the given work on the example of the armored car KrAZ “Fiona” the calculation of efficiency increase of the reactive silencer is made due to the above-mentioned method. Also, the projected decrease in the external noise level of the KrAZ Armored Vehicle “Fiona” is considered by determining the speed of sound in the recesses on the trunk cycle on the road with acceleration up to speed of 50 km/h (75 km/h) and the movement with this speed, as well as when driving at a speed of 45 km/h. Keywords: transport, armored car, internal combustion engine, exhaust, exhaust gases, noise, source, acoustic efficiency, acoustic efficiency, speed of sound, jet muffler.

CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gryshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Hladchenko ◽  
Uriy Overchenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Near Future

This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.

Bionic design of the tower for wind turbine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110046
Author(s):  
Yuqiao Zheng ◽  
Fugang Dong ◽  
Huquan Guo ◽  
Bingxi Lu ◽  
Zhengwen He
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Biological Selection

The study obtains a methodology for the bionic design of the tower for wind turbines. To verify the rationality of the biological selection, the Analytic Hierarchy Procedure (AHP) is applied to calculate the similarity between the bamboo and the tower. Creatively, a bionic bamboo tower (BBT) is presented, which is equipped with four reinforcement ribs and five flanges. Further, finite element analysis is employed to comparatively investigate the performance of the BBT and the original tower (OT) in the static and dynamic. Through the investigation, it is suggested that the maximum deformation and maximum stress can be reduced by 5.93 and 13.75% of the BBT. Moreover, this approach results in 3% and 1.1% increase respectively in the First two natural frequencies and overall stability.

scholarly journals The Risk of Dissolution of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems in Times of Crisis: The Electric Vehicle during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Manel Arribas-Ibar ◽  
Petra Nylund ◽  
Alexander Brem
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Innovation ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

Innovation ecosystems evolve and adapt to crises, but what are the factors that stimulate ecosystem growth in spite of dire circumstances? We study the arduous path forward of the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem and analyse in depth those factors that influence ecosystem growth in general and during the pandemic in particular. For the EV ecosystem, growth implies outcompeting the less sustainable internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, thus achieving a transition towards sustainable transportation. New mobility patterns provide a strategic opportunity for such a shift to green mobility and for EV ecosystem growth. For innovation ecosystems in general, we suggest that a crisis can serve as an opportunity for new innovations to break through by disrupting prior behavioural patterns. For the EV ecosystem in particular, it remains to be seen if the ecosystem will be able to capitalize on the opportunity provided by the unfortunate disruption generated by the pandemic.

scholarly journals An Optimum Fatigue Design of Polymer Composite Compressed Natural Gas Tank Using Hybrid Finite Element-Response Surface Methods

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Kazem Reza Kashyzadeh ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Mostafa Omidi Bidgoli ◽  
Michal Petrů ◽  
Alireza Amiri Asfarjani
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Fiber Angle ◽  
Composite Tank

The main purpose of this research is to design a high-fatigue performance hoop wrapped compressed natural gas (CNG) composite cylinder. To this end, an optimization algorithm was presented as a combination of finite element simulation (FES) and response surface analysis (RSA). The geometrical model was prepared as a variable wall-thickness following the experimental measurements. Next, transient dynamic analysis was performed subjected to the refueling process, including the minimum and maximum internal pressures of 20 and 200 bar, respectively. The time histories of stress tensor components were extracted in the critical region. Furthermore, RSA was utilized to investigate the interaction effects of various polymer composite shell manufacturing process parameters (thickness and fiber angle) on the fatigue life of polymer composite CNG pressure tank (type-4). In the optimization procedure, four parameters including wall-thickness of the composite shell in three different sections of the CNG tank and fiber angle were considered as input variables. In addition, the maximum principal stress of the component was considered as the objective function. Eventually, the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank was calculated using stress-based failure criterion. The results indicated that the proposed new design (applying optimal parameters) leads to improve the fatigue life of the polymer composite tank with polyethylene liner about 2.4 times in comparison with the initial design.

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