The Application of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Accelerometers to the Assessment of Blast Threat to Armored Vehicle Crew

This paper describes the development and application of an autonomous register and measurement system (ARMS), and the application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers to the assessment of blast threat to armored vehicle crews. Taking measurements with reference to an explosion is one of the principal issues in the protection of crews of special vehicles. The proposed ARMS reduces research costs and contributes to the development of an autonomous, wireless test stand, applicable in various research areas and industry. The ARMS performs data acquisition with simultaneous measurement in multiple channels. The maximum sampling rate is 100 kHz and the sensor range is ±500 g. This solution is an alternative to cable systems, which have a high energy demand. The functionality of the developed autonomous measuring system is demonstrated experimentally. The paper concludes with a field study of the proposed system and the application of MEMS accelerometers via a mine blast test of a military vehicle at level 4 of STANAG 4569.

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS OF ARMORED VEHICLES OF LIGHT CATEGORY BY MASS (REVIEW ARTICLE)

The analysis of materials on the design of light armored vehicles is carried out. The main mathematical models for modeling dynamic processes, stress-strain state in the system "combat module - hull - suspension" are considered. The publications on the design of suspension torsion bars are analyzed. To date, the analysis and synthesis are not united by a single generalized parametrical description, which would cover both technical solutions of elements of suspension of light armored vehicles, modes of motion of these machines, and properties of materials of the elements under study, and requirements for tactics and technical characteristics in general. That is, there is no corresponding theoretical base for solving the problems of parametric synthesis of elements of suspension systems, and existing mathematical models need to be improved. Therefore, the main tasks that need to be solved or improved by existing solutions are set. Also, such developments are needed that would take into account technical solutions, processes and conditions, stages of manufacture, operating conditions and combat use, that is, those that would reflect all stages of the life cycle of the elements of suspension systems for light armored vehicles. Keywords: light armored vehicle; tactical and technical characteristics; torsion bar; suspension systems; sprung part; suspension; stress-strain state

Candlelight Vigils and Citizen Activism

This chapter focuses on modern political and social collective actions in South Korea to illustrate how changing information ecosystems have influenced the ways protests and candlelight vigils have been organized over the past several decades. In particular, the chapter explains how Internet and digital communication technologies began to be used to facilitate collective actions in South Korea in a series of candlelight vigils beginning in 2002, when two South Korean teenage girls were killed by a U.S. armored vehicle. It also covers other major candlelight vigils, including 2004 vigils against the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun and 2008 vigils against U.S. beef importation. In examining candlelight vigils at different time points and stages of technological development, it considers both what changed and what has remained largely the same, while highlighting key agents and affordances and their interactions at each time period analyzed.

Building a model of the process of shooting a mobile armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells in the form of a discrete-continuous stochastic system

This paper describes the process of shooting a mobile armored combat vehicle with directed fragmentation-beam shells as a discrete-continuous random process. Based on this approach, a stochastic model has been proposed in the form of a system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations. A universal model of the process of defeating a moving armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells has been built, which would provide preconditions for experimental studies into the effectiveness of various variants of the components of the artillery system for three-shot firing. The execution of an artillery task is considered as a set of certain procedures characterized by the average value of its duration. They are dependent on the firing phases involving a prospective automatic gun and the explosive destruction of fragmentation-beam shells while the explosive destruction of each shell case is characterized by the self-propagation of the reaction of explosive transformations based on tabular data on the target. An indicator of the functionality of various design options for fragmentation-beam shells is the probability of causing damage by «useful fragments» in the vulnerable compartments of a combat armored vehicle. Devising universal models for the process of shooting a moving armored vehicle forms preconditions for further full-time experiments in accordance with the design solutions defined as a result of modeling. It is possible to use the developed discrete-continuous stochastic model in other modeling tasks to determine the optimal value of defeat. As regards the practical application of discrete-continuous stochastic models, one can argue about the possibility of reducing the cost of performing design tasks related to weapons by 25 % and decreasing the likelihood of making mistakes at the stage of system engineering design

Lower Leg Injury Mechanism Investigation During an IED Blast Under a Vehicle Using an Anatomic Leg Model

Attacks with improvised explosive device (IED) constituted the main threat to, for example, Polish soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. Improving safety during transport in an armored vehicle has become an important issue. The main purpose of the presented research is to investigate the mechanism of lower leg injuries during explosion under an armored vehicle. Using a numerical anatomic model of the lower leg, the analysis of the leg position was carried out. In all presented positions, the stress limit of 160 (MPa) was reached, which indicates bone damage. There is a difference in stress distribution in anatomic elements pointing to different injury mechanisms.

The DESIGN OF FIBER METAL LAMINATE AS A BODY MATERIAL WITH CARBON FIBER METHOD

The combat vehicles that Indonesia Army belong to most of the materials are steel, for example the armored vehicle anoa 6x6. Steel material is used as a fire protection on the vehicle, it will greatly affect the performance of the vehicle. It is caused the steel material has a high density, which is around 7750 kg/m3to 8050 kg/m3. So, with a large enough volume of the vehicle body, it will increase the burden of the vehicle. As well as the engine load will increase, and more power is needed to be able to move the vehicle. Seeing these problems, it is necessary to have a research or study on alternative materials to replace the body of a combat vehicle that can withstand fire from opposing weapons that cause personnel to be injured. In this study, experimental and simulation methods were used using the ansys application to analyze the strength of the composite material in the form of an aluminum layer that had been treated to increase the hardness value. Furthermore, it is coated with a composite material using a carbon fiber matrix of epoxy, HGM and polyurethane. The coating material is called Fiber Metal Laminate (FML), so the material used has a lighter density, the load received by the vehicle engine is lighter, and the performance of the vehicle will be more effective and efficient.

The RAMPDOOR HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MODIFICATION OF ANOA PANZER COMBAT VEHICLE

Panzer Anoa 6x6 is a combat vehicle on tires where the first generation of it is made by PT Pindad (Persero). It can mobility, protection and carrying capacity. The ramp door on the Anoa 6x6 APC armored vehicle is driven by a hydraulic system to support the mobility of personnel when exiting or entering the vehicle. The components of the hydraulic system driving the Panzer Anoa 6x6 APC ram door include batteries, power packs, solenoid valves, hydraulic hoses, and hydraulic cylinders. These problems include the ramp door often not functioning, the ramp door moving too slowly and often experiencing congestion when the ramp door is working. These constraints often occur because the pump in the hydraulic system is driven by an electric motor that gets its power source from the battery. The fluid is pressed and flowed through a hydraulic pipe, then the flow of the pressurized fluid is regulated by a solenoid valve to the hydraulic cylinder to move the ramp door. This study uses a pure experimental quantitative method with empirical calculations to obtain a tool with the desired specifications. To move the ramp door weighing 200 kg with a maximum opening angle of 100 degrees in 8 seconds, the heaviest load received by the cylinder is 23557.44 N, the working pressure that occurs in the cylinder is 87.49 bar, where the fluid discharge will flow to the pump. of 2164.77 liters/minute, with a pump power of 394570 Watt and to continue the rotation of the engine with a rotation of 2814.13 rpm (idle) to the hydraulic pump using a pulley mechanism with a ratio of 1: 0.15.