Dechroming: An Alternative Treatment for Leather Shavings, to Obtain a Biocompatible Collagen without Environmental Impacts

One of the biggest problems facing the leather industry is the production of solid waste with chromium. Dechroming process remove chrome from leather waste and it is designed to recover the value of collagen in the waste. Thus, the aim of this study was try to improve a methodology of dechroming process already described in the scientific literature, seeking to increase the percentage of dechroming ratio, as well as to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the dechromed samples obtained from the leather residue for possible applications that require non-toxic materials based on collagens. As results, the dechroming process has been shown to be effective, with 99.29% of chromium removed from the shavings. In addition, it is possible to infer that the process of dechroming performed in this study was efficient in the neutralization step of hexavalent chromium and that the collagen from the leather residue did not shows cytotoxic and genotoxic effects for the evaluatedin vitrotest system. Therefore, this treatment allows to obtain a valuable product extracted from what was previously a hazardous waste.

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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the ent-kaurenoic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid enriched Mikania glomerata extract in V79

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f180101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natália Ferreira ◽

Arthur Ribeiro ◽

Mariângela Morais ◽

Aline Peixoto ◽

Marcela Bernardino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test System ◽

Control Group ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

V79 Cells ◽

Kaurenoic Acid ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Mikania Glomerata

Abstract. Ferreira NH, Ribeiro AB, Morais MD, Peixoto AM, Bernardino MA, Moreira MR, Soares ACF, Heleno VCG, Veneziani RCS, Tavares DC. 2018. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the ent-kaurenoic acid and ent-kaurenoic acid-enriched Mikania glomerata extract in V79. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 17: xxxx. The ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel was effective to inhibit the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. In view of the biological potential of this extract and its major component, the present study was carried out to evaluate the safety of the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel and ent-kaurenoic acid alone in an in vitro test system. The results showed that the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel was cytotoxic at concentrations up to 40.0 μg/mL. Genotoxic effects were observed in cell cultures treated with the highest concentrations tested of ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel (10.0 and 15.0 µg/mL) and ent-kaurenoic acid alone (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 µg/mL) when compared to the control group. Therefore, the ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel demonstrated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects at the highest concentrations tested, while ent-kaurenoic acid showed to be genotoxic at the same concentrations present in ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel in V79 cells. These results demonstrate that the ent-kaurenoic acid should be responsible, at least in part, of the genotoxicity of ent-kaurenoic acid-rich extract from Mikania glomerata Sprengel.

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Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of storax in vitro

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233711428642 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bulent Karadeniz ◽

Zeynep Ulker ◽

Lokman Alpsoy

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽

Cell Number ◽

Test System ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Ldh Assay ◽

Sce Test

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the storax balsam, which is a kind of sweet gum obtained from the Liquidambar orientalis Mill trees, on cell viability, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocyte in vitro. We studied the genotoxic effects of the extract of storax balsam (SE) using sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test system. Also the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of SE were evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cell proliferation (WST-1) assay. The SCE frequency was increased when the cells were treated with 1.6 and 4.0 µg/mL SE concentrations ( p < 0.05). Moreover, treatment of the cells with the same concentrations significantly depleted the cell number at 24th and 48th hours and elevated the LDH levels ( p < 0.05) at 48th hour. These results suggest that SE can be used as an alternative antibacterial and antipathogenic agent due to its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.

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TREATMENT OF SPOROTRICOSE IN THE WORLD, WITH EMPHASIS IN BRAZIL: WHAT’S NEW?

International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine ◽

10.28933/ijtcm-2021-06-1805 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Specific Work ◽

Alternative Treatments ◽

Work Requirements ◽

Alternative Medicines ◽

The World

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo results of works already published on the use of traditional and alternative medicines in the treatment of sporotrichosis, both in humans and in animals. Methods: The bibliographic research was developed from the analysis of publications found in the scientific literature, with emphasis mainly on Brazil in the period from 2015 to 2020. Updated bibliographies of the medical and veterinary literature were available on MEDLINE, through PubMed, Science direct, Scielo and academic Google, with a total of 28 studies that met the specific work requirements. Results: From the analysis of the reviewed papers, conventional treatments, mainly the use of itraconazole, Amphotericin B and Terbinafine, showed good results in the studies. In addition, the use of alternative treatments, either as the main treatment or support, against sporotrichosis, have shown promise in vitro results, requiring more tests for a possible alternative treatment in the future. Conclusion: The use of alternative treatments is important, since they can be effective against sporotrichosis, becoming a viable means when the animal is resistant to conventional methods.

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Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3619 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 1278-1285

Author(s):

Mohamed Yafout ◽

Amine Ousaid ◽

Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽

Youssef Khayati ◽

Amal Ait Haj Said

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

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Role of Phase II Enzymes in the Bioactivation of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and 1,4-Dibromobenzene

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299602400422 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 603-608

Author(s):

Moreno Paolini ◽

Laura Pozzetti ◽

Renata Mesirca ◽

Andrea Sapone ◽

Paola Silingardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Phase I ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Covalent Binding ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Test System ◽

Oxidative Enzymes ◽

Transferase Activity ◽

Genetic Toxicology

The use of sodium phenobarbital (PB, CYP2B1 inducer) combined with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF, 1A1) to induce certain Phase I reactions in S9 liver fractions is a standard method for conducting short-term bioassays for genotoxicity. However, because post-oxidative enzymes are also able to activate many precarcinogens, we tested the possibility of adapting S9 liver fractions derived from Phase II-induced rodents to the field of genetic toxicology. In this study, S9 liver fractions derived from Swiss albino CD1 mice fed 7.5g/kg 2-(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA; a monofunctional Phase II-inducer) for 3 weeks, show a clear pattern of induction with an approximately 3.5–9.5-fold increase in glutathione S-transferase activity. In vitro DNA binding of the promutagenic agents, [14C]-l,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and [14C]-1,4-dibromobenzene (DBB), is mediated by such metabolic liver preparations and showed a significant increase in covalent binding capability. In some instances, enzyme activity was more elevated when compared to that obtained with traditional (Phase I-induced) S9. Together with DNA binding, the genetic response of these chemicals in the diploid D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae used as a biological test system, revealed the ability of the BHA-derived preparations to activate the promutagenic agents, as exemplified by the significant enhancement of mitotic gene-conversion (up to 5.2-fold for DCB and 3.4-fold for DBB) and reverse point mutation (up to 3.6-fold for DCB and 2.5-fold for DBB) at a 4mM concentration. This novel metabolising biosystem, with enhanced Phase II activity, is recommended together with a traditional S9, for detecting unknown promutagens in genotoxicity studies. The routine use of either oxidative or post-oxidative S9 increases the responsiveness of the test and can contribute to the identification of promutagens not detected when using traditional protocols.

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