Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal Treatment Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ali Baqer ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Naif Mohammed Al-Hada ◽  
Abdul Halim Shaari ◽  
Elias Saion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Fluorite Structure ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Fesem Micrographs

A sample thermal treatment technique was utilised to synthesis cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, using cerium (111) nitrate as a precursor, Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a capping agent, and deionized water as a solvent. The product underwent calcination treatment of 500, 550, 600, and 650 1C to crystallize the nanoparticles and to remove organic compounds. It was verified by XRD that by varying the calcination temperature, the cubic fluorite structure of CeO2 nanoparticles with pure products was achieved. Furthermore, the crystal sizes of the CeO2 nanoparticles were assessed to be 4 nm for the lowest calcination temperature and 23 nm for the highest calcination temperature. The FESEM micrographs of the CeO2 nanoparticles revealed a structure of CeO2 nanospherical that exhibited a tendency to amalgamate at higher calcination temperatures. The optical characteristics that were evaluated with the help of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer indicated a decrease in the band gap energy with an increase in calcination temperature as a result of the increase in the crystal sizes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Formation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Thermal-Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif Mohammed Al-Hada ◽  
Elias Saion ◽  
A.H. Shaari ◽  
M.A. Kamarudin ◽  
Salahudeen A. Gene
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gap Energy

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the thermal-treatment method. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as capping agent and Zinc nitrate was used as a precursor. The samples were calcined at 500 and 550°C for removal of the organic compounds. The structural characteristics of the calcined samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the average particle size increases with increase in calcination temperature. The optical properties were characterized at room temperature using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range between 200–800 nm and the band gap energy was calculated from reflectance spectra using kubalka munk function and the results indicated that the band gap energy decreased from 3.23 eV at 500 oC to 3.21 eV at 600 °C due to an increase of particle size. This simple thermal-treatment method has advantages of the pure nanoparticles formation as no additional chemicals were required, a lack of by-product effluents, and environmentally friendly process.

scholarly journals Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Characterization of Spinel Zinc Chromite Nanocrystallines Synthesised by Thermal Treatment Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salahudeen A. Gene ◽  
Elias Saion ◽  
Abdul H. Shaari ◽  
Mazliana A. Kamarudin ◽  
Naif M. Al-Hada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Zinc Chromite

The present study reports the structural and magnetic characterization of spinel zinc chromite (ZnCr2O4) nanocrystallines synthesized by thermal treatment method. The samples were calcined at different temperatures in the range of 773 to 973 K. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used to control the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The average particle size of the synthesized nanocrystals was determined by powder X-ray diffraction which shows that the crystallite size increases from 19 nm at 773 K to 24 nm at 973 K and the result was in good agreement with the transmission electron microscopy images. The elemental composition of the samples was determined by energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy which confirmed the presence of Zn, Cr, and O in the final products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of metal oxide bands for all the samples calcined at different temperature. The band gap energy was calculated from UV-vis reflectance spectra using the Kubelka-Munk function and the band gap energy of the samples was found to decrease from 4.03 eV at 773 K to 3.89 eV at 973 K. The magnetic properties were also demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, the presence of unpaired electrons was confirmed, and the resonant magnetic field and theg-factorof the calcined samples were also studied.

scholarly journals Polymer Thermal Treatment Production of Cerium Doped Willemite Nanoparticles: An Analysis of Structure, Energy Band Gap and Luminescence Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mustapha Alibe ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
Salisu Nasir ◽  
Ali Mustapha Alibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Green Emission ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
Gap Energy

The contemporary market needs for enhanced solid–state lighting devices has led to an increased demand for the production of willemite based phosphors using low-cost techniques. In this study, Ce3+ doped willemite nanoparticles were fabricated using polymer thermal treatment method. The special effects of the calcination temperatures and the dopant concentration on the structural and optical properties of the material were thoroughly studied. The XRD analysis of the samples treated at 900 °C revealed the development and or materialization of the willemite phase. The increase in the dopant concentration causes an expansion of the lattice owing to the replacement of larger Ce3+ ions for smaller Zn2+ ions. Based on the FESEM and TEM micrographs, the nanoparticles size increases with the increase in the cerium ions. The mean particles sizes were estimated to be 23.61 nm at 1 mol% to 34.02 nm at 5 mol% of the cerium dopant. The optical band gap energy of the doped samples formed at 900 °C decreased precisely by 0.21 eV (i.e., 5.21 to 5.00 eV). The PL analysis of the doped samples exhibits a strong emission at 400 nm which is ascribed to the transition of an electron from localized Ce2f state to the valence band of O2p. The energy level of the Ce3+ ions affects the willemite crystal lattice, thus causing a decrease in the intensity of the green emission at 530 nm and the blue emission at 485 nm. The wide optical band gap energy of the willemite produced is expected to pave the way for exciting innovations in solid–state lighting applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Calcination Temperature on Crystal Growth and Optical Characteristics of Eu3+ Doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 Composites Fabricated via Simple Thermal Treatment Method

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Suhail Huzaifa Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Sidek Hj. Ab Aziz ◽  
Halimah Mohamed Kamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Zno Crystal

This research paper proposes the usage of a simple thermal treatment method to synthesis the pure and Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 based composites which undergo calcination process at different temperatures. The effect of calcination temperatures on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO/Zn2SiO4 based composites have been studied. The XRD analysis shows the existence of two major phases which are ZnO and Zn2SiO4 crystals and supported by the finding in the FT-IR. The FESEM micrograph further confirms the existence of both ZnO and Zn2SiO4 crystal phases, with progress in the calcination temperature around 700–800 °C which affects the existence of the necking-like shape particle. Absorption humps discovered through UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that at the higher calcination temperature effects for higher absorption intensity while absorption bands can be seen at below 400 nm with dropping of absorption bands at 370–375 nm. Two types of band gap can be seen from the energy band gap analysis which occurs from ZnO crystal and Zn2SiO4 crystal progress. It is also discovered that for Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 composites, the Zn2SiO4 crystal (5.11–4.71 eV) has a higher band gap compared to the ZnO crystal (3.271–4.07 eV). While, for the photoluminescence study, excited at 400 nm, the emission spectra of Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 revealed higher emission intensity compared to pure ZnO/Zn2SiO4 with higher calcination temperature exhibit higher emission intensity at 615 nm with 700 °C being the optimum temperature. The emission spectra also show that the calcination temperature contributed to enhancing the emission intensity.

scholarly journals The Importance of Thermal Treatment on Wet-Kneaded Silica–Magnesia Catalyst and Lebedev Ethanol-to-Butadiene Process

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Chung ◽  
Adrian Ramirez ◽  
Tuiana Shoinkhorova ◽  
Ildar Mukhambetov ◽  
Edy Abou-Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Alternative Process ◽  
Magnesium Silicates

The Lebedev process, in which ethanol is catalytically converted into 1,3-butadiene, is an alternative process for the production of this commodity chemical. Silica–magnesia (SiO2–MgO) is a benchmark catalyst for the Lebedev process. Among the different preparation methods, the SiO2–MgO catalysts prepared by wet-kneading typically perform best owing to the surface magnesium silicates formed during wet-kneading. Although the thermal treatment is of pivotal importance as a last step in the catalyst preparation, the effect of the calcination temperature of the wet-kneaded SiO2–MgO on the Lebedev process has not been clarified yet. Here, we prepared and characterized in detail a series of wet-kneaded SiO2–MgO catalysts using varying calcination temperatures. We find that the thermal treatment largely influences the type of magnesium silicates, which have different catalytic properties. Our results suggest that the structurally ill-defined amorphous magnesium silicates and lizardite are responsible for the production of ethylene. Further, we argue that forsterite, which has been conventionally considered detrimental for the formation of ethylene, favors the formation of butadiene, especially when combined with stevensite.

scholarly journals Novel Evaporation Process for Deposition of Kesterite Thin Films Synthesized by Solvothermal Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J. A. Estrada-Ayub ◽  
L. Álvarez Contreras ◽  
M. Román Aguirre ◽  
J. G. Murillo Ramírez ◽  
M. T. Ochoa-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Quaternary Compound ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Cells ◽  
Representative Samples

Kesterite, a quaternary compound of Cu2ZnSnS4, is a promising option as a material absorber to reduce the cost of photovoltaic solar cells. The solvothermal method is a way to synthesize nanoparticles of this material. In this work, once synthesized, particles were deposited on a substrate through evaporation, and their morphological, structural, and optical properties were studied. Results show that changes of precursor ratios during solvothermal synthesis result in a modification of particle morphology but not on its size. The deposition of already synthesized kesterite through evaporation preserves kesterite structure and permits the formation of a homogenous film on a substrate. Optical reflectance and transmittance measurements allowed estimating the band-gap energy between 1.41 and 1.46 eV for representative samples, which is near the optimum for the absorber material.

scholarly journals Structural and Optical Properties of Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized by Thermal Treatment Method

Materials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Gharibshahi ◽  
Elias Saion ◽  
Elham Gharibshahi ◽  
Abdul Shaari ◽  
Khamirul Matori
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties

Fabrication of Mn2O3 Nanorods and their Different Paramagnetic Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2252-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ge Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Bao Jun Huang ◽  
Da Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic ◽  
Paramagnetic Properties

Mn2O3 Nanorods have been successfully synthesized under mild conditions by hydrothermal route following by thermal treatment at different calcination temperatures. Techniques of XRD, TEM, HRTEM, ED and XPS have been used to characterize the nanorods. The magnetic properties of the Mn2O3 nanorods synthesized at different calcination temperature have been studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. And the evolved different EPR signals have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Photoelectrochemical characterization and photocatalytic properties of mesoporousTiO2/ZrO2films

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Smirnova ◽  
Yuriy Gnatyuk ◽  
Anna Eremenko ◽  
Gennadiy Kolbasov ◽  
Vera Vorobetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Pluronic P123 ◽  
Titania Thin Film ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Characterization ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Doped Titania

Optically transparent, crack-free mesoporous titania and zirconia-doped titania thin film photocatalysts were fabricated by sol-gel technique, using nonionic amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic P123 as template. The structural and optical properties of these films were characterized using SEM, low-angle XRD, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, hexane adsorption investigation. Band gap energy and the position of flatband potentials were estimated by photoelectrochemical measurements. Enhancing of photocatalytic activity of zirconia-doped films relative to pureTiO2originates from an anodic shift of the valence band edge potential. Catalytic activity of mesoporousTiO2andTiO2/ZrO2(5–50% ofZrO2) films in the processes ofCrVItoCrIIIphotoreduction and 2,4-dinitroaniline photooxidation correlates with crystalline size and growth with increasing of specific surface area of the samples.

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