Contributions of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System to National and Regional Coastal Hazards and Resources Information, Tools, and Services

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Chris E. Ostrander ◽  
Harvey Seim ◽  
Elizabeth Smith ◽  
Ben Studer ◽  
Audra Luscher-Aissauoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
The U.S

AbstractA changing climate, coupled with increasing development and population growth within the coastal margins of the United States, presents a growing threat to coastal populations, ecosystems, and infrastructure associated with chronic and catastrophic coastal hazards and a growing reliance on coastal resources. The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) provides a unique capability to observe the coastal and open ocean waters of the United States and provide value-added, customized data tools, products, and services to inform decision making related to coastal hazards and resources management, assessment, and risk by individuals, resource managers, policy makers, and local agencies. Increasingly, the partnership of IOOS Regional Associations with the U.S. IOOS Program Office has the capacity to provide critical observational and scientific information needed to inform coastal planning and management efforts related to some of the most pressing problems facing our coastal zone: namely, impacts of a changing climate on coastal communities and ecosystems, sea level rise, and the competing and oftentimes conflicting uses of our coastal zone that necessitate integrated Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning. Discussed herein are three examples of regional IOOS capacity to provide information related to beach safety, coastal inundation, and marine spatial planning.

scholarly journals Ocean data portals: Performing a new infrastructure for ocean governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noëlle Boucquey ◽  
Kevin St. Martin ◽  
Luke Fairbanks ◽  
Lisa M Campbell ◽  
Sarah Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Critical Cartography ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
New Infrastructure

We are currently in what might be termed a “third phase” of ocean enclosures around the world. This phase has involved an unprecedented intensity of map-making that supports an emerging regime of ocean governance where resources are geocoded, multiple and disparate marine uses are weighed against each other, spatial tradeoffs are made, and exclusive rights to spaces and resources are established. The discourse and practice of marine spatial planning inform the contours of this emerging regime. This paper examines the infrastructure of marine spatial planning via two ocean data portals recently created to support marine spatial planning on the East Coast of the United States. Applying theories of ontological politics, critical cartography, and a critical conceptualization of “care,” we examine portal performances in order to link their organization and imaging practices with the ideological and ontological work these infrastructures do, particularly in relation to environmental and human community actors. We further examine how ocean ontologies may be made durable through portal use and repetition, but also how such performances can “slip,” thereby creating openings for enacting marine spatial planning differently. Our analysis reveals how portal infrastructures assemble, edit, and visualize data, and how it matters to the success of particular performances of marine spatial planning.

Marine Spatial Planning in the United States

2015 ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Olsen ◽  
Jennifer McCann ◽  
Monique LaFrance Bartley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 2007–08

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The U.S

Economic contributions of the green industry in each state of the United States were estimated for 2007–08 using regional economic multipliers, together with information on horticulture product sales, employment, and payroll reported by the U.S. Economic Census and a nursery industry survey. Total sales revenues for all sectors were $176.11 billion, direct output was $117.40 billion, and total output impacts, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of nonlocal output, were $175.26 billion. The total value added impact was $107.16 billion, including employee compensation, proprietor (business owner) income, other property income, and indirect business taxes paid to state/local and federal governments. The industry had direct employment of 1.20 million full-time and part-time jobs and total employment impacts of 1.95 million jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and value added impacts were Landscaping services (1,075,343 jobs, $50.3 billion), Nursery and greenhouse production (436,462 jobs, $27.1 billion), and Building materials and garden equipment and supplies stores (190,839 jobs, $9.7 billion). The top 10 individual states in terms of employment contributions were California (257,885 jobs), Florida (188,437 jobs), Texas (82,113 jobs), North Carolina (81,113 jobs), Ohio (79,707 jobs), Pennsylvania (75,604 jobs), New Jersey (67,993 jobs), Illinois (67,382 jobs), Georgia (66,042 jobs), and Virginia (58,677 jobs). The total value added of the U.S. green industry represented 0.76% of U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007, and up to 1.60% of GDP in individual states. On the basis of a similar previous study for 2002 (Hall et al., 2006), total sales of horticultural products and services in 2007–08 increased by 3.5%, and total output impacts increased by 29.2%, or an average annual rate of 5.8% in inflation-adjusted terms.

scholarly journals An Economic Analysis of the Greenhouse, Nursery, and Sod Sector in the United States

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund M. Tavernier ◽  
Robin G. Brumfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The greenhouse, nursery, and sod (GNS) sector in the United States accounted for $10 billion in gross sales or 5% of gross farm receipts, in 1998. Despite its significant economic contributions, the sector receives little attention from policymakers. Part of the problem lies in the absence of empirical economic analysis that addresses the impact of the sector on the U.S. economy. The absence of such analysis places the sector at a disadvantage when agricultural policies are designed to address agricultural imbalances, such as farm income problems, and hinders the ability of the sector to lobby for policies favorable to GNS producers. This study provides estimates of the economic impacts of the GNS sector on the U.S. economy and quantifies the linkages between the GNS sector and other economic sectors. The results show that the sector contributed over $26 billion and $17 billion in output and value added economic activity, respectively, and over 438,000 jobs.

scholarly journals Revisiting Approaches to Marine Spatial Planning: Perspectives on and Implications for the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Allocation ◽  
Multiple Pressures ◽  
Integrated Assessments

Marine spatial planning (MSP) offers an operational framework to address sustainable and well-planned use of ocean space. Spatial allocation has traditionally been single-sector, which fails to account for multiple pressures on the marine environment and user conflicts. There is a need for integrated assessments of ocean space to advance quantitative tools and decision-making. Using the example of offshore wind energy, this article offers thoughts about how MSP has evolved in the United States and how the varying scales of MSP achieve different outcomes. Finally, a review of quantitative and qualitative studies that are needed to support MSP are presented.

Remaking Oceans Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Fairbanks ◽  
Noëlle Boucquey ◽  
Lisa M. Campbell ◽  
Sarah Wise
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Critical Social Science ◽  
Critical Literature

Marine spatial planning (MSP) seeks to integrate traditionally disconnected oceans activities, management arrangements, and practices through a rational and comprehensive governance system. This article explores the emerging critical literature on MSP, focusing on key elements of MSP engaged by scholars: (1) planning discourse and narrative; (2) ocean economies and equity; (3) online ocean data and new digital ontologies; and (4) new and broad networks of ocean actors. The implications of these elements are then illustrated through a discussion of MSP in the United States. Critical scholars are beginning to go beyond applied or operational critiques of MSP projects to engage the underlying assumptions, practices, and relationships involved in planning. Interrogating MSP with interdisciplinary ideas drawn from critical social science disciplines, such as emerging applications of relational theory at sea, can provide insights into how MSP and other megaprojects both close and open new opportunities for social and environmental well-being.

Is Marine Spatial Planning Enough to Overcome Biological Data Deficiencies?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Ryan ◽  
Andy Danylchuk ◽  
Adrian Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Permitting Process

The United States only accounts for 0.2% of the global offshore wind installed capacity despite a potential technical resource four orders of magnitude greater. A cumbersome permitting process is one of the challenges in implementing new projects. Part of this process requires biological data in order to inform assessments of environmental impacts; yet these data may be lacking for particular taxa at the required scale. Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process that often includes data identification, collection, collation and analyses components. In this paper, we conduct a collective case study of three areas with offshore wind projects located in waters managed by marine spatial plans, focusing on how data efforts inform MSP and offshore wind development. Our study finds that MSP can facilitate data efforts during the permitting phase of offshore wind projects, but that other initiatives, particularly renewable energy policies and zoning, appear critical towards establishing offshore wind.

scholarly journals Creeping disaster along the U.S. coastline: Understanding exposure to sea level rise and hurri-canes through historical development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Braswell ◽  
Stefan Leyk ◽  
Dylan Connor ◽  
Johannes Uhl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Structure Density ◽  
Saturation Effects ◽  
The U.S

Current estimates of U.S. property at risk of coastal hazards and sea level rise (SLR) are stag-gering, evaluated at over a trillion U.S. dollars. Despite being enormous in the aggregate, po-tential losses due to SLR depend on mitigation, adaptation, and exposure and are highly uneven in their distribution across coastal cities. We provide the first analysis of how changes in expo-sure (how and when) have unfolded over more than a century of coastal urban development in the United States. We do so by leveraging new historical settlement layers from the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the U.S. (HISDAC-US) to examine building patterns within and between the SLR zones of the conterminous United States since the early twentieth century. Our analysis reveals that SLR zones developed faster and continue to have higher structure density than non-coastal, urban and inland areas, patterns which are particularly prominent in locations affected by hurricanes. However, density levels in historically less-developed coastal areas are now quickly converging on early-settled SLR zones, many of which have reached building saturation. These “saturation effects” suggest that adaptation polices targeting existing buildings and developed areas are likely to grow in importance relative to the protection of previously undeveloped land.

Messprobleme bei der Ermittlung des Wachstums der Arbeitsproduktivität - dargestellt anhand eines Vergleichs der Schweiz mit den USA / Measurement Problems with Respect to Labour Productivity Growth - Illustrated by a Comparison of Switzerland with the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
The U.S

SummaryThe paper shows that the assessment of the speed of productivity growth crucially depends on how one chooses to measure value added. According to a widely held view, the growth rate of labour productivity has increased significantly in the U.S. since the mid-90s. The U.S. is perceived to outperform most European countries in this respect by a wide margin. Comparing the U.S. with Switzerland, we show this view to rely - at least in part - on statistical artefacts.

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