Determinants of Nurses’ Use of Physical Restraints in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Dolan ◽  
Sara E. Dolan Looby

Background Physical restraints are used in intensive care units, particularly among patients at risk for self-terminating necessary treatment interventions, including endotracheal tubes and invasive catheters. Assessments conducted by intensive care unit nurses often influence the collaborative decision to initiate and discontinue restraints in critical care patients. However, little is known about factors that influence the critical thought processes of intensive care unit nurses in determining use of restraints. Objectives To describe nurses’ determinants of initiation and discontinuation of restraints in surgical intensive care unit patients. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted to identify and describe determinants of initiation and discontinuation of physical restraints. Demographic and employment data were collected via questionnaire. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed by using conventional content analysis to establish categories and identify themes. Results A total of 13 nurses (mean age 43 [SD, 12] years, 92% female, mean of 18 [SD, 12] years of practice as a registered nurse, 69% bachelor of science in nursing) participated in the study. Content analysis revealed 3 general categories and 8 themes that indicated the thoughtful reflection processes nurses in a surgical intensive care unit use to determine use of restraints. Conclusions Top priorities were ensuring patient safety and comfort. Nurses synthesized factors including practice experience, patient-specific behaviors and risk, and patients’ need for devices in determining use of restraints.

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1358-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansgar M. Chromik ◽  
Andreas Meiser ◽  
Janine Hölling ◽  
Dominique Sülberg ◽  
Adrien Daigeler ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Minnick ◽  
RM Leipzig ◽  
ME Johnson

BACKGROUND: Use of physical restraints has undesirable sequelae. As they weigh the risks and benefits of protocols for reducing the use of restraints, staff members in intensive care units, where restraints are most used in hospitals, need to know how well elderly patients remember being restrained and how patients perceive the use of restraints. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the proportion of patients who remember being restrained, describe the experience from the patients' perspectives, and describe any distress caused by use of restraints within the overall experience of being in the intensive care unit. METHODS: Transcripts of semistructured, audiotaped interviews of patients who had been in the medical or surgical intensive care unit in any of 3 eastern and midwestern medical centers were analyzed by question and for overall themes. RESULTS: Six patients (40%) remembered some aspect of being restrained but did not report great distress. Patients accepted restraints as needed because of the lack of alternatives. Patients reported remembering that they should not perform certain behaviors but being unable to stop themselves. Patients cited hallucinations and intubation as major stressors in the intensive care unit. Patients' continuing health problems after discharge from the intensive care unit severely limited recruitment of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Patients do not remember great distress specifically related to the use of restraints, but the overall situation leading to use of restraints is disturbing if remembered. The discovery of methods to reduce the distress of intubation and hallucinations could decrease use of restraints.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Patel ◽  
Arielle Beauchesne ◽  
Nina Bredenkamp ◽  
Rumi McGloin ◽  
Sarah N Stabler ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTBackground: Critically ill patients often need vasopressors to treat hypotension related to septic shock and to maintain adequate systemic perfusion. Although the 2017 guidelines of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend norepinephrine as first-line therapy, they also state that vasopressin may be considered as an adjunctive agent for patients with refractory shock. Limited evidence is available for directing optimal administration of vasopressin. As such, prescribing practices are not standardized and may vary according to the particular clinician, the clinical scenario, and various patient-specific factors.Objectives:To review the current practice of administering concomitant norepinephrine and vasopressin therapy to patients with septic shock, to describe variability in vasopressin administration, and to evaluate effects on patient safety in a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This single-centre retrospective chart review involved 100 adult patients admitted to the ICU who received vasopressin and norepinephrine for septic shock between April and December 2017. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results: The mean time to initiation of vasopressin was 12.0 (standard deviation [SD] 21.6) h after initiation of norepinephrine. The mean dose of norepinephrine at the time of vasopressin initiation was 29.5 (SD 19.7) μg/min. The mean vasopressin dose prescribed was 0.04 (SD 0.03) units/min, with a range of tapering and discontinuation regimens. The mean duration of vasopressin therapy was 49.1 (SD 65.2) h, and vasopressin was discontinued before norepinephrine in 49 of the patients. A total of 60 hypotensive events occurred after vasopressor discontinuation and were more common when vasopressin was discontinued before norepinephrine.Conclusions: Vasopressin dosing was comparable to that reported elsewhere; however, discontinuation practices were inconsistent. These results show that variability in the literature supporting vasopressin use has led to variability in vasopressin administration and discontinuation practices; however, correlation with improvement in clinical outcomes, such as mortality or ICU length of stay, is unclear, and further research is required to determine the ideal approach to vasopressin use.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les patients gravement malades nécessitent souvent un vasopresseur pour traiter l’hypotension liée au choc septique et pour préserver une perfusion systémique adéquate. Bien que les directives de 2017 de la campagne Surviving Sepsis recommandent la norepinephrine en guise de thérapie de première ligne, elles précisent également que la vasopressine pourrait être envisagée comme agent d’appoint pour les patients présentant des chocs réfractaires. Seules des données probantes limitées soutiennent l’administration optimale de la vasopressine. Les pratiques de prescription proprement dites ne sont pas standardisées et peuvent varier selon le clinicien, le scénario clinique et les divers facteurs particuliers au patient.Objectifs : Examiner la pratique actuelle d’administration de la norépinephrine concomitante à la thérapie de vasopressine aux patients ayant subi un choc septique, décrire la variabilité d’administration de la vasopressine et évaluer les effets sur la sécurité du patient dans une unite de soins intensifs (USI) médicale-chirurgicale.Méthodes : Cet examen rétrospectif unicentrique des dossiers portait sur 100 patients adultes admis dans une USI, ayant reçu de la vasopressine et de la norépinephrine en réponse à des chocs septiques entre avril et décembre 2017. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives.Résultats : Le temps moyen du début de l’administration de la vasopressine était de 12 h (écart type [É.T.] 21,6) après le début de l’administration de la norépinephrine. La dose moyenne de norepinephrine au moment du début de l’administration de la vasopressine était de 29,5 (É.T. 19,7) μg/min. La dose moyenne de vasopressine prescrite était de 0,04 (É.T. 0,03) unités/min, avec une gamme de posologies dégressives et d’abandons. La durée moyenne de la thérapie à la vasopressine était de 49,1 h (É.T. 65,2), et 49 patients ont abandonné la vasopressine avant l’abandon de la norépinephrine. Un total de 60 événements hypotenseurs se sont produits après l’abandon du vasopresseur et ils étaient plus fréquents lors de l’abandon de la vasopressine précédant celui de la norépinephrine.Conclusions : Le dosage de vasopressine était comparable à celui indiqué dans d’autres études; cependant, les pratiques d’abandon étaient incohérentes. Ces résultats démontrent que l’indétermination de l’information publiée dans la littérature soutenant l’utilisation de la vasopressine a entraîné une fluctuation dans l’administration de la vasopressine et des pratiques d’abandon; cependant, la corrélation entre l’usage de la vasopressine et l’amélioration des résultats cliniques, comme la mortalité ou la durée du séjour en USI, n’est pas claire, et davantage de recherches sont nécessaires pour déterminer l’approche idéale à adopter à l’égard de l’utilisation de la vasopressine.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Oya Ögenler ◽  
Ahmet Dağ ◽  
Havva Doğan ◽  
Talip Genç ◽  
Hürmüs Kuzgun ◽  
...  

Background The intensive care unit entails working as a team in rescuing patients from life-threatening conditions. The care being given by the team could also be done by nurses and other health professionals through the coordinated use of all medical practices. Objective To determine the opinion of nurses on the ethical problems they experienced while working as a team in the intensive care units of a university hospital. Method The descriptive research was conducted on nurses working in intensive care units (n = 96). A 56-item data collection form consisting of two parts developed by the researchers was used. Frequency (percent) and median were evaluated, and statistical calculations were used for group comparisons. Results Out of the 82 (85.4%) nurses who participated in the study, 65 (82.3%) were university graduates. About 52 (66.7%) of the participants were female with a mean age of 28.12 ± 5.84; 26 (31.6%) had intensive care certification, and 54 (65.1%) had ethical training. The internal intensive care unit nurses were less satisfied with their jobs, able to use tools, said that they had the right to refuse the patient compared to the surgical intensive care unit nurses. Discussion and conclusions: It is a positive situation for the participants to score low with ethical problems based on suggestion as the probability of meeting with their teammates. However, it is important that the problems that affect the motivation of the nurses are different according to the intensive care unit and the employees.


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