ATTRACTION AND REPRESSION OF DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) BY THREE SYNTHETIC PHEROMONES IN TRAPS IN OREGON AND IDAHO

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rudinsky ◽  
M. M. Furniss ◽  
L. N. Kline ◽  
R. F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
New Method ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Host Attractants ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Made In

AbstractComparative tests were made in Oregon and Idaho employing sticky traps with three synthetic pheromones of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, frontalin, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, and trans-verbenol, and the host attractants Douglas-fir resin, alpha-pinene, and camphene. The attractiveness of frontalin combined with host volatiles reported earlier from Idaho was confirmed. The combination of trans-verbenol with frontalin plus camphene in Oregon brought the highest response among synthetic treatments, but the addition of trans-verbenol to other treatments with frontalin sometimes decreased beetle response.3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one almost nullified the attractiveness of all baits tested. The practical use of such a compound to prevent beetle aggregation and protect susceptible Douglas-fir trees as well as to regulate the "spillover" from attractive baits is considered as a possible new method of protection against bark beetles.

Failure of ovarian development in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; an analysis of gut proteases and female-specific proteins

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific

The failure of ovarian development in Douglas-fir bark beetles denied of their natural gallery environment and maintained on host bark chips was investigated. Such insects possessed a high activity of proteolytic enzymes in their guts but relatively small amounts of female-specific proteins both in haemolymph and the oocytes. Topical application of farnesyl methyl ether did not increase the activity of gut proteases but resulted in increased amounts of female-specific proteins in haemolymph and ovaries. Thus it appears that the Douglas-fir bark beetles maintained on bark chips do not suffer from an inability to break down the ingested proteins, but synthesize and transfer less than normal amounts of female-specific proteins to the developing oocytes.

ATTACK BY GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON STUMPS AND FELLED TREES BAITED WITH SULCATOL AND ETHANOL

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
The University

AbstractEthanol and sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol), primary attractant and population aggregation pheromone, respectively, for Gnathotrichus sulcatus, were deployed alone or in combination on stumps and felled trees in the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, B.C. On 18 April 1974, four Douglas-fir trees were felled at each of three locations, and four western hemlock trees were felled at each of three other locations. Felled trees and their respective stumps were baited on 26 April. Attacks by G. sulcatus and bark beetles were recorded at weekly intervals until 25 October. G. sulcatus attacks increased rapidly, reaching a maximum in June and July, followed by a steady decrease to October. Attacks by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Pseudohylesinus nebulosus, and P. tsugae showed characteristic seasonal trends, but were not correlated to any of the treatments. Over half the G. sulcatus attacks were on stumps, in which attack densities reached 683.5/m2. The greatest numbers of attacks were on stumps and logs baited with sulcatol or sulcatol plus ethanol. There was a significant interaction between sulcatol and ethanol on Douglas-fir but not on western hemlock. Significantly more G. sulcatus attacked ethanol-baited western hemlock stumps and logs than unbaited controls. However, there was no difference between the level of attack on ethanol-baited Douglas-fir and the controls. The role of ethanol is hypothesized to be more of a boring stimulant than a major attractant. Stumps baited with sulcatol and then treated with ethanolic solutions of systemic insecticide could be used to trap and kill field populations, thus reducing numbers of G. sulcatus being transported to log-booming grounds, dryland sorting areas, and sawmills.

The Life History and Habits of Scolytus unispinosus Leconte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Interior of British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Standing Timber

The Douglas-fir engraver, Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, is a common bark beetle throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region of North America. Although it occasionally kills young trees (Chamberlin, 1939), it is of minor economic importance, usually confining its attack to tops, limbs and logging slash. In standing timber it acts primarily as a secondary insect, attacking the tops and branches of trees killed or severely weakened by other agents. In the interior of British Columbia it is commonly found in Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and thus it is of interest as an associate of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Two other bark beetles Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Leconte) and Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) with similar associations were studied earlier (Walters and McMullen, 1956; McMullen and Atkins, 1959).

On the Flight and Host Selection of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Selection Of

The flight of bark beetles covers a short but important period of their life cycle, during which they are exposed to conditions not encountered during the major portion of their life under the bark. The time of flight and the factors which affect it are important, not only to the dispersal and survival of the insect, but also in the interpretation of experimental data dependent upon the beetle's flight activity.Chapman (1954), Rudinsky and Vité (1956), and Atkins (1959, 1960, 1961) studied the flight of the Douglas-fir beetle under laboratory conditions, but there is scant reference to field studies on the flight of this insect. Chapman and Kinghorn (1958) recorded the number caught in window flight traps near Cowichan Lake, B.C., and unpublished reports describe emergence records obtained from cage studies conducted near Lumby, B.C.

scholarly journals Mortality of Douglas-fir After Operational Semiochemical Baiting for Douglas-fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Thier ◽  
Steve Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Operational Application ◽  
Cardinal Direction

Abstract Effects of an operational application of synthetic Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) attractants applied to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) trees have not been well documented. Baits, containing a 1:1 mixture of frontalin and alpha-pinene, were deployed over 64 acres in an area application at the rate of 2 baits/ac. Baited trees, and unbaited Douglas-firs surrounding the bait centers, were selected for measurements. All baited trees were attacked along with 42.3% of the surrounding unbaited Douglas-firs. Attacked trees were significantly larger than unattacked trees and were closer to the bait centers. The percentage of trees attacked was not influenced by cardinal direction from the bait center. Approximately 97% of the baited trees were either moderately or heavily attacked. Almost 60% of the moderately and heavily attacked unbaited Douglas-firs were within 33 ft of the bait centers. A model to predict probability of infestation of unbaited trees surrounding the bait center was developed. West. J. Appl. For. 12(1):16-20.

ABUNDANCE OF THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS, AND THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE, FOLLOWING TREE DEFOLIATION BY THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Wright ◽  
A. A. Berryman ◽  
B. E. Wickman
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Orgyia Pseudotsugata ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Adult Dispersal

AbstractFir engraver and Douglas-fir beetle numbers were monitored during and after an outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth. The population behavior of the two species of bark beetles was similar. Number of emerged offspring/female was highest during the years of defoliation and declined afterward. Total number of beetle attacks peaked 1 to 2 years after defoliation ended and then declined. During and 1 year after defoliation, beetles generally infested trees that had greater than 90% defoliation. After this time infestations were not as strongly associated with heavily defoliated trees. Life tables were constructed for beetles within trees and for beetles per area of forest land. Key mortality factors acting on beetles within trees occurred during the larval and pupal stages. Mortality during adult dispersal was a key factor when beetle density per area of land was considered. Although beetle offspring emerging per dm2 of bark surface was relatively low in defoliated trees, defoliation appeared to reduce host resistance which enabled beetles to successfully attack at lower densities, reducing intraspecific competition, and resulting in increased emergence of offspring/female parent.

scholarly journals Response of Bark and Woodboring Beetles to Host Volatiles and Wounding on Western Juniper

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Hayes ◽  
Patricia L. Johnson ◽  
Andris Eglitis ◽  
Donald W. Scott ◽  
Lia Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Western Juniper ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Juniperus Occidentalis ◽  
Cade Oil

Abstract In central Oregon, management of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) has included use of prescribed fire and mechanical removal. After these treatments, several species of bark and woodboring beetles have been observed on treated trees and also occasionally on trees outside management areas, suggesting that these insects might contribute to juniper mortality. In this 2-year (2002–2003) study, we identified bark and woodboring beetles that attack western juniper along with associated beetle predators and examined whether these insects can be manipulated for use in juniper management. Using funnel traps and sticky traps on trees wounded by pruning or treated with host volatiles (juniper berry oil, cade oil, and ethanol) that may attract insects, we captured beetles in the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Scolytidae (20 species in 17 genera) and known predators in the families Cleridae and Trogositidae (8 species in 7 genera). Cedar bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.) were the most prevalent insects captured on trees treated with host volatiles and/or wounded. Treatments that included ethanol plus wounding were most attractive to these beetles. However, there was no obvious insect-caused damage or mortality of treated trees in either year of this study.

Host Selection and Invasion by the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, in Coastal Douglas-fir Forests

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Host Attraction ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Secondary Attraction

AbstractThe dispersal flight of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, is oriented toward fresh windthrown and cut trees when these are present in the stand, the beetle being attracted by oleoresin, particularly its alpha-pinene, camphene, and limonene fractions. In the absence of such material the pioneer beetle dispersal appears to be rather uniform throughout the stand. This host attraction precedes the beetle attraction which is produced by unmated females shortly after entering the host and which results in mass concentration of beetles around the center of attraction. Of these two phases in the attraction process, the secondary attraction is far stronger than that caused by the fractions of the host oleoresin.Attraction centers are established only in freshly downed trees and in standing trees of subnormal physiological condition under both latent and epizootic conditions; however, under epizootic conditions, the beetles can invade even vigorous trees in the perimeter of attraction. The survival of such trees depends on their ability to exude oleoresin, which in turn is influenced greatly by environmental factors. The susceptibility of trees to successful beetle invasion is characterized by their oleoresin exudation pressure, which reflects water disturbances in the tree. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of the resin pressure are discussed in relation to beetle flight and invasion, and the resin effects upon the beetle (both mechanical and chemical) are considered. The beetles are found to be repelled by Douglas-fir resin and its fractions, i.e. alpha- and beta-pinene, camphene, limonene, terpineol and geraniol, when tested at close range in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Spatial Dispersal of Douglas-Fir Beetle Populations in Colorado and Wyoming

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Withrow ◽  
John E. Lundquist ◽  
José F. Negrón
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Gis Technique ◽  
Flight Season ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Multiple Tree

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are mortality agents to multiple tree species throughout North America. Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of these insects can assist management, prediction of outbreaks, and development of “real time” assessments of forest susceptibility incorporating insect population data. Here, dispersal of Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) is estimated over four regions within Colorado and Wyoming from 1994 to 2010. Infestations mapped from aerial insect surveys are utilized as a proxy variable for Douglas-fir beetle (DFB) activity and analyzed via a novel GIS technique that co-locates infestations from adjacent years quantifying distances between them. Dispersal distances of DFB infestations were modeled with a cumulative Gaussian function and expressed as a standard dispersal distance (SDD), the distance at which 68% of infestations dispersed in a given flight season. Average values of SDD ranged from under 1 kilometer for the region of northwestern Colorado to over 2.5 kilometers for infestations in Wyoming. A statistically significant relationship was detected between SDD and infestation area in the parent year, suggesting that host depletion and density-dependent factors may influence dispersal. Findings can potentially provide insight for managers—namely, likelihood of DFB infestation increase for locations within two to five kilometers of an existing infestation.

Tree size and growth history predict breeding densities of Douglas-fir beetles in fallen trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Reid ◽  
S.S. Glubish
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Tree Characteristics

AbstractFor bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) breeding in fallen trees, the tree characteristics that are associated with higher breeding densities are poorly known. The breeding densities of Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, in freshly felled Douglas-fir, Pseudotsugae menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, were examined with respect to tree diameter, phloem thickness, and several measures of tree growth rate over the past year to 10 years prior to tree death. Trees were felled in 8 decks of 3–12 trees to provide a range of tree qualities in a given location. Stepwise regression revealed that of the tree characteristics measured, only diameter was needed to explain the density of beetle attacks on trees within decks. Because diameter, phloem thickness, and growth-increment measures were all highly correlated, attack density also increased with phloem thickness and growth rate prior to felling when these measures were analyzed individually. The apparent preference for larger trees with thicker phloem is consistent with published results for live trees, but the positive effect of tree growth rate prior to death is contrary to results for beetles attacking live trees. Thus, assessments of stand susceptibility to bark beetles based on tree growth rate may differ depending on whether beetles are initially breeding in live or dead trees.

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