The Life History and Habits of Scolytus unispinosus Leconte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Interior of British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Standing Timber

The Douglas-fir engraver, Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, is a common bark beetle throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region of North America. Although it occasionally kills young trees (Chamberlin, 1939), it is of minor economic importance, usually confining its attack to tops, limbs and logging slash. In standing timber it acts primarily as a secondary insect, attacking the tops and branches of trees killed or severely weakened by other agents. In the interior of British Columbia it is commonly found in Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and thus it is of interest as an associate of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Two other bark beetles Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Leconte) and Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) with similar associations were studied earlier (Walters and McMullen, 1956; McMullen and Atkins, 1959).

Life-History and Habits of Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Interior of British Columbia

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 416-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
The Pacific

Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) is a bark beetle that occurs throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region and is common in the interior of British Columbia. Although Bedard (1938) reported that it had killed small areas of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) reproduction, it is of minor economic importance and usually confines its attack to tops, limbs, and logging slash. A knowledge of the life-history and habits of this insect is desirable for an understanding of the effects of interspecific competition on the development of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., with which it is often associated in Douglas fir.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF LOGGING ON DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE POPULATIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune ◽  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Wind Throw

All species of bark beetles of economic importance prefer to attack freshly-killed host material. Logging slash, wind-throw, and fire-killed timber provide ideal breeding grounds for bark beetles. A few species, mostly in the Dendroctonus group, are able to attack and kill living trees. When beetles in this group, raised in preferred host material, cannot find any or enough freshly-killed trees, logs, or slash to enter, they may attack living trees. In the interior of British Columbia, infestations of the Douglas fir beetle can often be traced to logging disturbance.The regulation or control of bark beetle populations involves several generally accepted principles:(a) The removal or destruction of beetle broods in infested material in time to prevent the new adult beetles from emerging to attack fresh material.(b) Continuous logging in time and area will tend to keep the beetles in the slash.(c) Keep suitable breeding material to a minimum.(d) The use of trap trees or trap logs for remedial action in trouble areas.

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE INSECT FAUNA OF DOUGLAS FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA RAFINESQUE) IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION

1938 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bedard
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Coeur D'alene ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region

This list is a record of insects which have been found in or on Douglas fir in the northern Rocky Mountain region by personnel of the Forest Insect Field Laboratory at Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. It comprises insects which feed upon the tree, as well as the parasites and associates of these insects. Of the 153 species listed, 102 were collected by the writer while making a study of the Douglas fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.). The remainder are listed in the laboratory records and were collected by J. C. Evenden, R. E. Balch, H. J. Rust, and D. DeLeon.

On the Life History of the Douglas-fir Cone Moth, Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), and one of its Parasites, Glypta evetriae Cush. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 826-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Range

The Douglas-fir cone moth has been reported causing damage to cones and seeds of Douglas fir for a number of years; reports of seed loss range from light to almost 100 per cent. The insect occurs throughout the range of the host in British Columbia, the Pacific Coast States, and the Rocky Mountains.Observations recorded here were made during 1957 and 1958 in the Cowichan Lake area of Vancouver Island, and 1959 in the interior of British Columbia.

Experiments on Oral Secretion of the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gregson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Oral Secretion ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tick Paralysis ◽  
Rocky Mountain Wood Tick

Tick paralysis continues to be one of the most baffling and fascinating tickborne diseases in Canada. It was first reported in this country by Todd in 1912. Since then about 250 human cases, including 28 deaths, have been recorded from British Columbia. Outbreaks in cattle have affected up to 400 animals at a time, with losses in a herd as high as 65 head. Although the disease is most common in the Pacific northwest, where it is caused by the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, it has lately been reported as far south as Florida and has been produced by Dermacentor variabilis Say, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, and A. americanum (L.) (Gregson, 1953). The symptoms include a gradual ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis. Apparently only man, sheep, cattle, dogs, and buffalo (one known instance) are susceptible, but even these may not necessarily be paralysed.

Summary of Coastal Geologic Evidence for past Great Earthquakes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian F. Atwater ◽  
Alan R. Nelson ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Gary A. Carver ◽  
David K. Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Juan De Fuca

Earthquakes in the past few thousand years have left signs of land-level change, tsunamis, and shaking along the Pacific coast at the Cascadia subduction zone. Sudden lowering of land accounts for many of the buried marsh and forest soils at estuaries between southern British Columbia and northern California. Sand layers on some of these soils imply that tsunamis were triggered by some of the events that lowered the land. Liquefaction features show that inland shaking accompanied sudden coastal subsidence at the Washington-Oregon border about 300 years ago. The combined evidence for subsidence, tsunamis, and shaking shows that earthquakes of magnitude 8 or larger have occurred on the boundary between the overriding North America plate and the downgoing Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates. Intervals between the earthquakes are poorly known because of uncertainties about the number and ages of the earthquakes. Current estimates for individual intervals at specific coastal sites range from a few centuries to about one thousand years.

Dendroctonus pseudotsugae. [Distribution map].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins Coleoptera: Scolytidae Hosts: Mainly Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), also other Pseudotsuga spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Failure of ovarian development in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; an analysis of gut proteases and female-specific proteins

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific

The failure of ovarian development in Douglas-fir bark beetles denied of their natural gallery environment and maintained on host bark chips was investigated. Such insects possessed a high activity of proteolytic enzymes in their guts but relatively small amounts of female-specific proteins both in haemolymph and the oocytes. Topical application of farnesyl methyl ether did not increase the activity of gut proteases but resulted in increased amounts of female-specific proteins in haemolymph and ovaries. Thus it appears that the Douglas-fir bark beetles maintained on bark chips do not suffer from an inability to break down the ingested proteins, but synthesize and transfer less than normal amounts of female-specific proteins to the developing oocytes.

Keepability of Pennsylvania versus West Coast Grown Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees: Genotypic Variation in Relation to Subfreezing Temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Kubiske ◽  
Marc D. Abrams ◽  
James C. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Display Area ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

Abstract Cut Douglas-fir Christmas trees grown in Pennsylvania from Rocky Mountain seed sources and coastal trees grown in the Pacific Northwest and shipped into Pennsylvania were compared for keepability. Following various cold treatments, the cut ends of trees were placed in water in an indoor display area. Coastal trees placed in a freezer at - 29°C for 24 h had 89 ± 5.1% (mean ± standard error) needle loss after one day of display, while Rocky Mountain origin trees exhibited only 3 ± 2.0% needle loss after 1 day and 50 ± 5.6% needle loss after 18 days. Coastal produced trees exposed to temperatures > - 12°C had 50 ± 9.8% needle loss at the end of the experiment, while Rocky Mountain trees ended with 22 ± 3.2% needle loss. Four additional treatments consisted of trees placed on an outdoor lot and periodically moved indoors to simulate Christmas tree market activity. Again, there was a significant difference between trees from coastal and Rocky Mountain sources, with 57.2 ± 4.3% and 11.8 ± 1.2% needle loss after 3 days, respectively. By the end of the 23 day experiment, the coastal trees were essentially devoid of needles, whereas Rocky Mountain trees had an average of only 20% needle loss. Coastal trees also exhibited a very noticeable loss of color and lustre. North. J. Appl. For. 7:86-89, June 1990.

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