Failure of ovarian development in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; an analysis of gut proteases and female-specific proteins

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific

The failure of ovarian development in Douglas-fir bark beetles denied of their natural gallery environment and maintained on host bark chips was investigated. Such insects possessed a high activity of proteolytic enzymes in their guts but relatively small amounts of female-specific proteins both in haemolymph and the oocytes. Topical application of farnesyl methyl ether did not increase the activity of gut proteases but resulted in increased amounts of female-specific proteins in haemolymph and ovaries. Thus it appears that the Douglas-fir bark beetles maintained on bark chips do not suffer from an inability to break down the ingested proteins, but synthesize and transfer less than normal amounts of female-specific proteins to the developing oocytes.

Haemolymph and ovarial proteins in the bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae in relation to ovarian development

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific

Female-specific proteins appear in the blood of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae within 24 h of attack on the host logs. By 48 h these proteins reach their maximum concentration and form about 50% of the total blood proteins. Of the 2.5-fold increase in the concentration of blood proteins during this time, nearly 80% is accounted for by the female-specific proteins. These proteins start appearing in the ovaries 48 h after the attack on host material. The lag between the appearance of these proteins in the haemolymph and their incorporation into the developing ovaries is probably attributable to physiological incompetence of developing oocytes to incorporate these proteins in the early stages of their maturation.

3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and the Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): history of successful bark beetle pheromone treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Darrell W. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiaggregation Pheromone

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on the identification of 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH) as the antiaggregation pheromone of the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the development of successful management applications using the pheromone. Previously unpublished data from two studies on novel uses of MCH are included. The successful development of antiaggregation pheromone-based treatments for the Douglas-fir beetle is discussed in relation to efforts to develop similar treatments for other bark beetle species, and opportunities for future research on MCH and the Douglas-fir beetle are suggested.

ATTACK BY GNATHOTRICHUS SULCATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ON STUMPS AND FELLED TREES BAITED WITH SULCATOL AND ETHANOL

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
The University

AbstractEthanol and sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol), primary attractant and population aggregation pheromone, respectively, for Gnathotrichus sulcatus, were deployed alone or in combination on stumps and felled trees in the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, B.C. On 18 April 1974, four Douglas-fir trees were felled at each of three locations, and four western hemlock trees were felled at each of three other locations. Felled trees and their respective stumps were baited on 26 April. Attacks by G. sulcatus and bark beetles were recorded at weekly intervals until 25 October. G. sulcatus attacks increased rapidly, reaching a maximum in June and July, followed by a steady decrease to October. Attacks by Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Pseudohylesinus nebulosus, and P. tsugae showed characteristic seasonal trends, but were not correlated to any of the treatments. Over half the G. sulcatus attacks were on stumps, in which attack densities reached 683.5/m2. The greatest numbers of attacks were on stumps and logs baited with sulcatol or sulcatol plus ethanol. There was a significant interaction between sulcatol and ethanol on Douglas-fir but not on western hemlock. Significantly more G. sulcatus attacked ethanol-baited western hemlock stumps and logs than unbaited controls. However, there was no difference between the level of attack on ethanol-baited Douglas-fir and the controls. The role of ethanol is hypothesized to be more of a boring stimulant than a major attractant. Stumps baited with sulcatol and then treated with ethanolic solutions of systemic insecticide could be used to trap and kill field populations, thus reducing numbers of G. sulcatus being transported to log-booming grounds, dryland sorting areas, and sawmills.

OVARY DEVELOPMENT IN A SCOLYTID BEETLE DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): EFFECT OF FARNESYL METHYL ETHER

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota ◽  
J. A. Chapman ◽  
W. W. Nijholt
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Slight Growth ◽  
Scolytid Beetle

Abstract Varying degrees of ovarian development were induced in overwintered Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., put on (1) host logs, (2) bark chips, or (3) moist glass paper. In 96 hours the ovaries of beetles on logs reached maturation, those on bark chips showed only slight growth, and the third group failed to show any development.Farnesyl methyl ether induced significant ovarian development in beetles kept on bark chips or glass paper. It appears that production or release of gonadotrophic hormone is withheld in insects kept outside their natural gallery environment. Sensory input associated with gallery excavation may initiate ovary development by stimulating endocrine activity.

The Life History and Habits of Scolytus unispinosus Leconte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Interior of British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Standing Timber

The Douglas-fir engraver, Scolytus unispinosus Leconte, is a common bark beetle throughout the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain Region of North America. Although it occasionally kills young trees (Chamberlin, 1939), it is of minor economic importance, usually confining its attack to tops, limbs and logging slash. In standing timber it acts primarily as a secondary insect, attacking the tops and branches of trees killed or severely weakened by other agents. In the interior of British Columbia it is commonly found in Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and thus it is of interest as an associate of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. Two other bark beetles Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Leconte) and Scolytus tsugae (Swaine) with similar associations were studied earlier (Walters and McMullen, 1956; McMullen and Atkins, 1959).

DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezene P.W. Huber ◽  
John H. Borden ◽  
Nicole L. Jeans-Williams ◽  
Regine Gries
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Spruce Beetle ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.

On the Flight and Host Selection of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Selection Of

The flight of bark beetles covers a short but important period of their life cycle, during which they are exposed to conditions not encountered during the major portion of their life under the bark. The time of flight and the factors which affect it are important, not only to the dispersal and survival of the insect, but also in the interpretation of experimental data dependent upon the beetle's flight activity.Chapman (1954), Rudinsky and Vité (1956), and Atkins (1959, 1960, 1961) studied the flight of the Douglas-fir beetle under laboratory conditions, but there is scant reference to field studies on the flight of this insect. Chapman and Kinghorn (1958) recorded the number caught in window flight traps near Cowichan Lake, B.C., and unpublished reports describe emergence records obtained from cage studies conducted near Lumby, B.C.

scholarly journals Spatial variability in tree regeneration after wildfire delays and dampens future bark beetle outbreaks

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (46) ◽  
pp. 13075-13080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Seidl ◽  
Daniel C. Donato ◽  
Kenneth F. Raffa ◽  
Monica G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Landscape Variability ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Climate change is altering the frequency and severity of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing the potential for sequential disturbances to interact. Interactions can amplify or dampen disturbances, yet the direction and magnitude of future disturbance interactions are difficult to anticipate because underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We tested how variability in postfire forest development affects future susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks, focusing on mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) in forests regenerating from the large high-severity fires that affected Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming in 1988. We combined extensive field data on postfire tree regeneration with a well-tested simulation model to assess susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks over 130 y of stand development. Despite originating from the same fire event, among-stand variation in forest structure was very high and remained considerable for over a century. Thus, simulated emergence of stands susceptible to bark beetles was not temporally synchronized but was protracted by several decades, compared with stand development from spatially homogeneous regeneration. Furthermore, because of fire-mediated variability in forest structure, the habitat connectivity required to support broad-scale outbreaks and amplifying cross-scale feedbacks did not develop until well into the second century after the initial burn. We conclude that variability in tree regeneration after disturbance can dampen and delay future disturbance by breaking spatiotemporal synchrony on the landscape. This highlights the importance of fostering landscape variability in the context of ecosystem management given changing disturbance regimes.

Yolk deposition in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Hopk.): the significance of physiological state of oocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota ◽  
A. Ibaraki
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae

In vitro yolk deposition was studied in ovaries dissected out of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae at various times after attack on host logs, and incubated in medium containing a mixture of labeled haemolymph and ovarial proteins. These proteins were not deposited in the oocytes taken from beetles which had been on host logs for less than 48 h. Such proteins were deposited as yolk in the basal and penultimate oocytes from beetles which had been on host logs for more than 48 h; younger oocytes from the same ovaries did not exhibit yolk deposition. Presence of juvenile hormone in the incubating medium did not induce yolk deposition in oocytes not already engaged in vitellogenesis.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF LOGGING ON DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE POPULATIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lejeune ◽  
L. H. McMullen ◽  
M. D. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Wind Throw

All species of bark beetles of economic importance prefer to attack freshly-killed host material. Logging slash, wind-throw, and fire-killed timber provide ideal breeding grounds for bark beetles. A few species, mostly in the Dendroctonus group, are able to attack and kill living trees. When beetles in this group, raised in preferred host material, cannot find any or enough freshly-killed trees, logs, or slash to enter, they may attack living trees. In the interior of British Columbia, infestations of the Douglas fir beetle can often be traced to logging disturbance.The regulation or control of bark beetle populations involves several generally accepted principles:(a) The removal or destruction of beetle broods in infested material in time to prevent the new adult beetles from emerging to attack fresh material.(b) Continuous logging in time and area will tend to keep the beetles in the slash.(c) Keep suitable breeding material to a minimum.(d) The use of trap trees or trap logs for remedial action in trouble areas.

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