SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF WITHIN-TREE COLONIZATION BY DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1213-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Scott Fargo ◽  
Robert N. Coulson ◽  
Paul E. Pulley ◽  
Don N. Pope ◽  
Claude L. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Starting Values ◽  
Frequency Histogram ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Colonization Process

AbstractWithin-tree colonization by Dendroctonus frontalis infesting loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was investigated. Two components of the colonization process were studied: the establishment of attacking adults (ATK) and the ensuing construction of egg galleries (GL). Data on the two variables were taken from standing trees beginning at the time of initial attack and continuing for 14 consecutive days.The spatial and temporal sequence of ATK was described for 1.5 m intervals along the infested bole for the duration of the process. A three parameter nonlinear function was used to describe the data. The pattern of attack was also described as an average process for the entire tree using the same model. A frequency histogram encompassing the range in variation for peak ATK from 134 trees was prepared to provide starting values for simulation purposes.The spatial and temporal sequence of GL construction was described using essentially the same approach as employed for ATK. The modeling process was complicated by loss or obscuring of GL from the radiograph by omission errors and foraging by Monochamus spp. and other associates. GL construction was also described as an average function for the entire tree and the rate of GL construction was defined. A frequency histogram of peak GL was prepared from data on 54 trees for use in selecting starting values for simulation purposes.Numerical relationships between ATK and GL were defined by combining the data on ATK and cumulative expected GL.

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF EMERGENCE FOR WITHIN-TREE POPULATIONS OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Coulson ◽  
W. Scott Fargo ◽  
Paul E. Pulley ◽  
Don N. Pope ◽  
John L. Foltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
Process Allocation

AbstractSpatial and temporal patterns of Dendroctonus frontalis emerging from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, were studied. Daily emergence was measured at 1.5-m intervals along the infested bole on nine trees Emerging beetles from three of the trees were collected and their sex identified. Topological estimates of daily emergence on all trees were computed and the spatial and temporal patterns of emergence were described using three and five parameter models. Emergence followed the same general pattern at each of the 1.5-m sampling intervals. Peak density of emergence occurred at ca. 0.25 of the process time span (day 7) and declined thereafter. Emergence density was highest at the 3.5-m interval and tapered gradually towards the top of the tree and abruptly towards the bottom. The process took ca. 28 days for completion. Emergence partitioned by sex followed the same general pattern as observed for the combined sexes. The cumulative sex ratio of emerging beetles was essentially 1:1 at each height interval.Since the curves at the various height intervals were similar, emergence was described as an average process for the entire tree. The essential features of the process were retained in the average analysis. A probability distribution function defined for emergence permits calculation of the distribution of beetles from host trees provided the cumulative density is known. A frequency histogram illustrating the range in observed emergence density over a three year period was also included.Adult populations of D. frontalis available for colonization were interpreted as a single process “allocation.” The allocation process was defined by two components, re-emergence and emergence, and had the following characteristics: (1) it is continous for each tree in the infestation, (2) it is distinct for each tree, (3) it is bimodal in intensity, and (4) the components may operate together or independently. The allocation concept was used to interpret the manner in which D. frontalis infestations have been observed to develop.

Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DeAngelis ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

RESOURCE UTILIZATION BY THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Coulson ◽  
Adil M. Mayyasi ◽  
J. L. Foltz ◽  
F. P. Hain ◽  
W. C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe process of resource utilization by Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman attacking loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., was investigated. The quantitative relationship of attacking parent adult D. frontalis as a function of the normalized infested bole height is described by the model y = Ax(1−x)eBx. Greatest attack density occurs at the mid-bole of the tree and tapers toward the top and bottom. Gallery length (and hence eggs)/100 cm2 was independent of attack density. The relationship between gallery length (or eggs) per parent adult and parent adult density is described by the exponential decay curve y = AeBx, indicating that gallery length and egg population density are controlled by a density dependent compensatory feedback process operating instantaneously. Further support for the mechanism was obtained by analyzing the gallery length per parent adult at different locations on the infested bole. The relationship is described by the model y = [AeBx]/[x(1−x)] and indicates that gallery construction and egg population per attacking beetle increase in the upper and basal portion of the bole. The result is a uniform amount of food and space per individual of the developing population.

Modeling Hysteretic Stress-Strain Relationships With Graphical User Interface

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Finite Strain ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Memory Kernel ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The stress-strain relationship of rubber materials manifests as hysteresis loops under finite strain. In this paper, some results from applying an integral formulation that encompasses a memory kernel of time and a nonlinear function of the strain to model extensions of rubber rods are presented. Various experimental data loops are studied. In addition, the author presents a graphical user interface that facilitates the modeling process.

Nest-tree selection by the threatened brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) (Marsupialia:Dasyuridae) in a highly fragmented agricultural landscape

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney van der Ree ◽  
Andrew F. Bennett ◽  
Todd R. Soderquist
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Scattered Trees ◽  
Selection For

The conservation of roosting and nesting resources is of critical concern for many hollow-dependent species around the world. We investigated the nest-tree requirements of the threatened brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) in a highly cleared agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. We documented the physical characteristics of selected nest trees and describe the spatial and temporal patterns of nest-tree use as revealed by radio-tracking. Nine phascogales (seven females, two males) were radio-tracked between March and July 1999 in an area where most woodland habitat is confined to linear strips along roads and streams or small patches and scattered trees in cleared farmland. Female phascogales were monitored for 13–35 days over periods of 5–15 weeks and two males were monitored for 2 and 9 days respectively. A total of 185 nest-tree fixes was collected and all nests occupied by phascogales were in standing trees. Eighty-three nest trees were identified, ranging in diameter at breast height (dbh) from 25 to 171 cm, with a mean dbh for the trees used by each individual phascogale of >80 cm. Phascogales did not discriminate between canopy tree species in selecting nest trees, but showed highly significant selection for trees in the largest size class. All individuals used multiple nest trees, with the seven females occupying an average of 11.4 nest trees from a mean of 25 diurnal locations. The number of nest trees continued to increase throughout the study, suggesting that more would be identified during a longer or more intensive study. Occupied nest trees were located throughout each individual’s home range, highlighting the importance of a continuous spatial distribution of suitable nest trees across the landscape. Nest trees were also located in adjacent farmland up to 225 m from roadside vegetation, demonstrating the value that scattered clumps and even single trees in farmland can have for wildlife conservation.

Seasonal Abundance, Arrival and Emergence Patterns of Predaceous Hister Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Associated with Ips Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Louisiana

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Shepherd ◽  
Richard A. Goyer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The most common predaceous hister beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) found associated with Ips engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in southern Louisiana were Platysoma attenuata LeConte, P. cylindrica (Paykull), P. parallelum (Say), and Plegaderus transversus (Say). The seasonal abundance of histerids caught in flight traps coincided with Ips spp. activity in the area. Histerid adults were initially caught in sticky traps on Ips-infested loblolly pine logs 1 wk after Ips spp. attacks had begun. As a group, histerids emerged from logs in a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring during Ips spp. emergence and a second 4 wks later. The abundance of P. parallelum and P. transversus indicates that they likely fed on bark beetles and organisms arriving later in the colonization sequence. Visual orientation appeared to play a role in attraction of histerids to logs colonized by bark beetles. Platysoma attenuata preferred vertically-positioned logs to horizontal logs, while P. parallelum was the opposite. These results suggest that some histerids may be visually attracted to horizontal silhouettes, such as pine trees that have been blown down or felled and often are infested by Ips spp. Other hister beetles may prefer vertical silhouettes, such as standing pines, which tend to be colonized by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann.

Average radial growth rate and chlamydospore production of Ceratocystis minor, Ceratocystis minor var. barrasii, and SJB 122 in culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3498-3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldhammer ◽  
Frederick M. Stephen ◽  
Timothy D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Radial Growth Rate ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Two symbiotic fungi (SJB 122, an unidentified basidiomycete, and Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt variety barrasii Taylor) and one pathogenic phoretic fungus (C. minor (Hedgecock) Hunt variety minor) of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, were inoculated onto six different concentrations of D. frontalis frass, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem, and uric acid media to observe radial growth rates and chlamydospore production. The average radial growth rate per day of C. minor var. barrasii increased significantly from the control on all three media, but growth was faster at increased concentrations of added phloem compared with the other supplemented media. Significant increases in chlamydospores produced by C. minor var. barrasii from the control occurred only on frass media, with more chlamydospores being produced at higher concentrations. The average radial growth rate per day of SJB 122 fungus increased significantly from the control on only one concentration of phloem and two concentrations of uric acid, but decreased significantly on low concentrations of frass media. SJB 122 chlamydospore production increased with increasing concentration on frass, was not different from the control on phloem, and increased significantly at intermediate concentrations on uric acid. Ceratocystis minor var. minor average radial growth rate per day increased with increasing concentration on both frass and phloem media but on uric acid decreased significantly at higher concentrations, following an initial signficant increase as compared with the controls.

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

INCIDENCE OF THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE1 IN A SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE2 INFESTATION IN CENTRAL LOUISIANA

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Kinn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

A large infestation of southern pine beetle, (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), located in central Louisiana, was surveyed for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Pinewood nematodes were present in 4.2 percent of 94 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by D. frontalis and were absent from 101 unattacked trees that surrounded the infestation. Monthly sampling of this infestation revealed an increase in the incidence of nematodes as the season progressed. Samples taken from different heights on beetle infested-boles did not differ significantly in the presence of nematodes.

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