EFFICACY OF MIXTURES OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VIRUSES, AND CHLORDIMEFORM AGAINST INSECTS ON CABBAGE

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques ◽  
D. R. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractThe efficacy of mixtures of chlordimeform with Bacillus thuringiensis and(or) Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Pieris rapae granulosis virus against Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae on the late cabbage was assessed in field plots over four growing seasons. Mixtures of 0.07 kg of chlordimeform/ha (1/8 of the recommended dosage) with low concentrations of the microbial insecticides were as effective or more effective than the materials used alone at full rates. The advantages of such mixtures in pest management are discussed.

TESTS ON MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) ON CABBAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Respective Host

AbstractThe control of larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, and the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae, by viruses, bacteria, and chemical insecticides was compared. In small field plots five applications of the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of T. ni (1.8 × 1011 polyhedra/acre) and the granulosis virus of P. rapae (4 ×1011 granules/acre) controlled the respective host larvae as well as five applications of the chemical insecticide methomyl (0.5 to 1 lb/acre). Dipel HD-1 (0.25 lb/acre) and Thuricide HPC (60 fl. oz/acre), formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis, were as effective against T. ni larvae as methomyl but not as effective as Fundal (0.5 lb/acre) or Dipel at a higher rate (0.5 lb/acre). The control obtained by combinations of viruses with endosulfan or methomyl suggested an effective method of reducing use of chemical insecticides. Control of T. ni and P. rapae in plots up to 3 acres in area in growers’ fields demonstrated the effectiveness of the viruses when used as commercial insecticides.

FIELD TESTS ON CONTROL OF THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) AND THE CABBAGE LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) BY MIXTURES OF MICROBIAL AND CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Biological Component ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe efficacy of mixtures of permethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV), or Pieris (= Artogeia) rapae (L.) granulosis virus (PRGV) against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), and the imported cabbageworm, P. rapae, was assessed by field plot tests. Protection of the crop and yield by plots treated with several of the reduced-dosage mixtures were similar to protection and yield by plots treated with permethrin at the full rate, demonstrating a feasible procedure for reducing the amount of chemical insecticide applied without sacrificing protection of the crop. Furthermore, efficacy of the biological component of the mixtures, B.t. or viruses, was frequently enhanced by low concentrations of the chemical component on the mixture.

EFFICACY OF MIXTURES OF MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES AND PERMETHRIN AGAINST THE CABBAGE LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND THE IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Jaques ◽  
Daniel R. Laing ◽  
H. Eric L. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Dosage Range ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Expected Mortality ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe joint action of permethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner (B.t.), Autographa californica (Speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV), or Artogeia (= Pieris) rapae (L.) granulosis virus (ARGV) fed as mixtures to larvae of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) or A. rapae in laboratory bioassys differed with the host insect, the components, and the concentrations of the components. Permethrin interfered with the activity of ACNPV and ARGV in most of the mixtures, particularly at low concentrations of the latter virus but mortality by mixtures of mid-range (approximately LC50 if fed alone) concentrations of permethrin and of ACNPV exceeded the mortality expected by the components acting independently. Concentrations of permethrin in the middle of the dosage range enhanced the effect of B.t. against T. ni resulting in mortality that exceeded the expected mortality but mortality of A. rapae larvae fed most permethrin–B.t. mixtures was less than expected.

THE INACTIVATION OF FOLIAR DEPOSITS OF VIRUSES OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) AND TESTS ON PROTECTANT ADDITIVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractDeposits of the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) and of the granulosis virus of Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) were largely inactivated within 10 days after sprays were applied to field plots. Deposits on plants retained in a growth room or in a greenhouse were inactivated but more slowly than those exposed to direct sunlight. Deposits on plants kept in the dark lost little activity indicating that exposure to light was responsible for inactivation.Activity of deposits of the viruses was extended substantially by addition of protectant materials to the sprays. The addition of charcoal mixed with skim milk powder, egg albumen, or brewer’s yeast resulted in a 3-fold increase in the period over which an LD50 of virus was maintained on the plants.

VIRUSES OF TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) IN SOIL IN FIELDS OF CRUCIFERS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractIn 1968 and 1969 soil samples were collected and bioassayed from 116 fields of crucifers from 14 counties in southern Ontario. Residues of T. ni viruses (nuclear-polyhedrosis (NPV) and granulosis (GV)) were found in soil from 12 counties, being detected in 68 and 45% of soil samples in the respective years. P. rapae granulosis virus (GV) occurred in soil from 7 counties, being found in 18 and 19% of samples. T. ni NPV was more common than T. ni GV. The concentration of viruses of both host species in soil was influenced by density of the host population, crop rotation, soil pH, and month of sampling.

NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF VIRUSES OF THE CABBAGE LOOPER IN FIELD PLOTS

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Granulosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Cruciferous Plants ◽  
Field Plots

AbstractStudies on non-treated plots at Harrow, Ontario, in 1967 and 1968 and at Kentville, Nova Scotia, from 1963 to 1968 inclusive showed that residues of viruses of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), found in soil were related qualitatively and quantitatively to the virus residues on leaves of cruciferous plants grown in the plots and to mortality by viruses in the host populations. At Harrow where the cabbage looper is common and where virus diseases occur naturally in field populations, the viruses that occurred in the populations of the host built up in soil as the season progressed. At Kentville where the host is rare, virus was rarely found in soil or on foliage. The typical nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, an atypical nuclear-polyhedrosis virus that formed abnormally large polyhedra, and a granulosis virus were found at Harrow, with the typical nuclear-polyhedrosis virus predominating. Only the typical nuclear-polyhedrosis virus was detected at Kentville.

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Proteins, Ac145 and Ac150, Which Affect Oral Infectivity in a Host-Dependent Manner

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 6439-6448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Lapointe ◽  
Holly J. R. Popham ◽  
Ursula Straschil ◽  
David Goulding ◽  
David R. O'Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Heliothis Armigera ◽  
Autographa Californica ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Autographa Californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

ABSTRACT The genome of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) contains two homologues, orf145 and orf150, of the Heliothis armigera Entomopoxvirus (HaEPV) 11,000-kDa gene. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the Ac145 or Ac150 protein were utilized to demonstrate that they are expressed from late to very late times of infection and are within the nuclei of infected Sf-21 cells. Transmission electron microscopy coupled with immunogold labeling of Ac145 found this protein within the nucleus in areas of nucleocapsid assembly and maturation, along with some association with the enveloped bundles of virions within the developing occlusion bodies (OBs). Ac150 was found to be mainly associated with enveloped bundles of virions within OBs and also with those not yet occluded. Both Ac145 and Ac150 were found to be present in budded virus as well as OBs. Both orf145 and orf150 were deleted from the AcMNPV genome, singly or together, and these deletion mutants were assessed for oral infectivity both in Trichoplusia ni and Heliothis virescens larvae. Deletion of Ac145 led to a small but significant drop in infectivity (sixfold) compared to wild-type (wt) AcMNPV for T. ni but not for H. virescens. Deletion of Ac150 alone had no effect on infectivity of the virus for either host. However, deletion of both Ac145 and Ac150 gave a recombinant virus with a drastic (39-fold) reduction in infectivity compared to wt virus for H. virescens. Intrahemocoelic injection of budded virus from the double-deletion virus into H. virescens larvae is as infectious to this host as wt budded virus, indicating that Ac145 and Ac150 play a role in primary oral infection of AcMNPV, the extent of which is host dependent.

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