EFFICACY OF DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), AND IMPACT ON ORCHARD MITES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Anderson ◽  
R. H. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
Fruit Damage

AbstractThe efficacy of diflubenzuron against the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella L., was compared with that of azinphos-methyl in two orchards. Two cover sprays were applied to coincide with peak codling moth activity which was monitored daily with pheromone-baited traps. In the Golden Delicious and mixed cultivar orchards, 187 ppm (mg active ingredient/1.) diflubenzuron provided control comparable to that of 187 ppm azinphos-methyl. In the 47 ppm diflubenzuron treatment, more fruit damage occurred particularly in the mixed cultivar orchard. In this orchard, the addition of Tween 20 to the spray mixture reduced fruit damage markedly.Diflubenzuron appeared non-toxic to the phytoseiid Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt and stigmaeid Zetzellia mali Ewing. In addition, cover sprays did not increase populations of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) or rust mites, Aculus spp.The efficacy of diflubenzuron against the codling moth and its compatability with integrated mite control suggest that the compound is a promising agent for pest management programs in apple orchards.

scholarly journals Soybean Oil as a Summer Spray for Apple: European Red Mite Control, Net CO2 Assimilation, and Phytotoxicity

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Charles D. Pless ◽  
John C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Control Net

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] oil was applied to apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] as a summer spray in six studies to determine if it controls European red mites [Panonychus ulmi (Koch.)], how it affects net CO2 assimilation (A), and if it causes phytotoxicity. Sprays of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% soybean oil {TNsoy1 formulation [soybean oil premixed with Latron B-1956 (LAT) spreader-sticker at 10 oil: 1 LAT (v/v)]} reduced mite populations by 94%. Sprays of 1% and 2% soybean oil reduced mite populations to three and four mites per leaf, respectively, compared to 25 per leaf on water-sprayed plants. Soybean oil concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% applied to whole trees reduced A for less than 7 days. Phytotoxicity did not occur when soybean oil was applied with an airblast sprayer at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% or with a mist bottle at 2%. Phytotoxicity occurred when soybean oil was applied with a mist bottle at 4% and 6%, which left soybean oil leaf residues of 0.22 to 0.50 mg·cm-2. No phytotoxicity occurred with 4% SunSpray, which resulted in a mean leaf residue of only 0.13 mg·cm-2. Spraying 1% soybean oil tended to give better mite control than 1% SunSpray Ultra-Fine oil, but caused greater oil residues and a greater reduction in A.

Efficacy of the insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb for lepidopteran pest control in apples, and their compatibility with biological control for integrated pest management

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Valentine ◽  
GM Gurr ◽  
WG Thwaite
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Insect Growth Regulators ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Azinphos Methyl

The insect growth regulators tebufenozide and fenoxycarb were compared with the industry standard organophosphate, azinphos-methyl, in a replicated field trial. In both the 1992-93 and 1993-94 seasons, the 2 insect growth regulators maintained damage levels to harvested and windfall apples below 1% for both codling moth (Cydia pornonella L.) and lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana Walker). This was despite considerable pest pressure as indicated by pheromone trap catches of both species. In the first season of the trial, E. postvittana was controlled more effectively (P<0.05) by tebufenozide than by fenoxycarb. In both seasons, populations of two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch, were higher in plots under azinphos-methyl treatment than in either insect growth regulator treatment. Neither insect growth regulator appeared to suppress populations of the phytoseiids Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt. Limb jarring in the second season showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in populations of other predators which may have contributed to the biological control of phytophagous mites in the insect growth regulator treatments. Numbers of spiders, Stethorus spp., and apple dimpling bug (Carnpylomma liebknechti Girault) nymphs were all lower in the azinphos-methyl treatment. Results are discussed in relation to reducing dependence on conventional pesticides by use of more target-specific compounds which may be more compatible with biological control.

INTEGRATED CONTROL OF ORCHARD MITES ON APPLE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
J. C. Arrand
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Phytoseiid Mite ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticides ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
Integrated Concept

AbstractIn 1965, strains of the predaceous phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, had developed resistance to azinphosmethyl, one of the organophosphate insecticides used to control the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). From 1966 to 1968, trials with integrated mite control in growers’ orchards were carried out successfully preserving the predator T. occidentalis. In most cases, an application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage was applied. The integrated concept of orchard mite control was recommended to the British Columbia fruit industry in 1969 and gained wide acceptance. In 1974, a survey of eight of the original integrated control orchards revealed that none of them had been treated with a summer acaricide since 1968. In six orchards, application of oil at the half-inch green bud stage had been used annually but two had not even received the oil spray. In all the orchards there was a good biological balance of a few predators and a few prey.

EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE BAITED TRAPS IN A PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ON PEARS FOR CODLING MOTH CONTROL

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Westigard ◽  
K. L. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractTraps baited with the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), sex pheromone, trans-8, trans- 10-dodecadien-1-ol, were evaluated for their suitability in a pest management program in an area of high host abandonment. Modifications in trap design, trap condition, or pheromone cap type resulted in variation in male moth catch. In commercial orchards the necessity of both interior and perimeter traps is indicated. Reduction in pesticide sprays was obtained in two of the four orchards monitored, but utilization of traps in a pest management program is hampered by several factors including orchard design, grower attitude, and considerations of cultural practices.

PLICTRAN AS AN ORCHARD ACARICIDE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing ◽  
T. K. Moilliet
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Metaseiulus Occidentalis ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

AbstractPlictran (tricyclohexyltin hydroxide) was very effective against the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa), when applied at the pink bud stage of apple bud development. Plictran as a summer spray was not so effective because a small number of phytophagous mites survived. Plictran, however, is low in toxicity to the predaceous phytoseiids Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Typhloseiopsis sp. near arboreus (Chant), and these predators increased on the surviving phytophagous mites. Because of this selective action, Plictran is a very promising acaricide for use in integrated mite control programs.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ACTIVITY OF DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST THE CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Elliott ◽  
D. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Ovicidal Activity ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

AbstractCodling moth eggs were very sensitive to diflubenzuron (Dimilin), particularly when treated topically shortly after oviposition. Regression analysis showed a linear relationship between % hatch and the age at which the eggs were treated with diflubenzuron. The LC50 values for 0- to 21/2- and 3-day-old eggs were 1.1 and 17.2 ppm, respectively. Egg hatch was also inversely related to the length of time the chorion was in contact with the diflubenzuron solution. When the compound had dried on fruit or foliage, residual activity against the eggs was excellent and did not decrease markedly over a 10-day period. The surfactant, Tween 20, enhanced the contact ovicidal activity of diflubenzuron especially on older eggs. Tween 20 also improved the residual activity of diflubenzuron on foliage and immature apples but not waxy mature apples.Diflubenzuron incorporated into artificial diet was toxic to 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae. The LC50s for the two instars were 48.2 and 8.1 ppm, respectively. When 1st instars fed on diflubenzuron + Tween 20-treated foliage for 2 days, larval entry into apples was not impaired but subsequent larval survival was reduced significantly. However, neither fruit entry nor larval survival was affected when 1st instars were reared on apples which had been dipped in 500 ppm diflubenzuron - Tween 20. Adult codling moths dipped in or fed diflubenzuron solutions showed no marked adverse effects although marginal reductions in egg viability were observed.

scholarly journals Role of Pheromone Application Technology for the Management of Codling Moth in High Altitude and Cold Arid Region of Ladakh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkat Hussain ◽  
Faizaan Ahmad ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad ◽  
Wasim Yousuf ◽  
Mohd Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Pheromone Dispenser ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Fruit Damage

The codling moth is a threat to the apple industries in India. Currently, no solutions are available for the management of codling moth in Ladakh. Therefore, all fresh fruits from Ladakh are still banned due to quarantine regulations. Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh are the three main apple producing states of India, both in quality and quantity. The ban on all fresh fruits from Ladakh directly affects the economy of rural populations. These fruits are sold in all the local markets of Kargil and Leh. Apples damaged by the larvae of codling moth are less preferred by inhabitants, tourists, and security forces, a large area of Ladakh is bordered with China and Pakistan. Field demonstration trials revealed significantly less fruit damage in apple orchards in different hamlets of Ladakh using pheromone dispensers, pheromone baited traps, and two applications of insecticides for codling moth management. A demonstration of the use of pheromone and pheromone dispenser technology for area-wide management for high dense populations of the codling moth in Ladakh has revealed successful results in the orchards of the apple growers. Area-wide management of the codling moth in some villages, using dispenser technology has shown promising results. The ban of fresh fruits in Ladakh may not be, therefore, appropriate as management of the codling moth appears to be successful with the use of pheromone dispenser technology. This technology will, surely, boost the apple industry and have a great potential for establishing commercial orchards and quality apples in high altitudes in the second-highest cold arid region of the world.

SUPPRESSION OF CODLING MOTH, LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), BY RELEASE OF STERILE AND PARTIALLY STERILE MOTHS

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Proverbs ◽  
J.R. Newton ◽  
D.M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Made In

AbstractBecause laboratory and field cage experiments had shown that partially sterile (25 krad dose) male codling moths were sexually more competitive than sterile (40 krad) ones, a study was made in a British Columbia orchard in 1970 to determine whether release of 25 krad moths of mixed sexes would suppress this pest more effectively than release of 40 krad moths. Approximately 75,000 moths/ha were released from 24 April to 25 September for each dose level. In the 25 krad moth release plot, the percentage of apple fruits damaged by this pest at harvest was reduced from 0.21 in 1969 to 0.08 in 1970, whereas in the 40 krad plot damage was reduced from 0.04 in 1969 to 0.02 in 1970.Release of 25 krad moths was also compared with insecticide sprays for codling moth suppression in two small areas at Cawston and Olalla, B.C. At Cawston, the percentage of apples damaged at harvest was reduced from 1.0 in 1969, after three sprays of phosalone, to 0.1 in 1970 after release of irradiated insects. In contrast, per cent damage in a nearby apple orchard, sprayed twice with azinphos-methyl in 1969 and 1970, increased from 2.0 in 1969 to 8.1 in 1970. At Olalla, per cent damage was about the same (0.5) in 1969, after three phosalone sprays, as in 1970 (0.6) after release of irradiated insects. In a neighboring apple orchard, sprayed twice with phosalone in 1969 and 1970, per cent damage was about the same (1.0–1.2) each year.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Isaria fumosorosea to European red mite in the laboratory

Biotemas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Cláudia Andréia Gräff ◽  
Liana Johann ◽  
Cláucia Fernanda Volken de Souza ◽  
Noeli Juarez Ferla
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
European Red Mite

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2017v30n1p73A vitivinicultura no estado do Rio Grande do Sul tem sofrido infestações significativas de ácaros praga, destacando-se recentemente Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Há relatos sobre a capacidade de controle de ácaros fitófagos com Isaria fumosorosea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em laboratório a ação patogênica de I. fumosorosea sobre o ácaro P. ulmi. As criações de P. ulmi foram estabelecidas a partir de coleta realizadas em videiras da Serra Gaúcha. Sobre os ovos de P. ulmi, as aplicações de suspensões de esporos foram feitas em diferentes concentrações. As triplicatas das fêmeas de 12 a 15 dias foram tratadas com suspensão a 108 esporos x mL-1. As testemunhas foram tratadas com água destilada. Após sete dias da aplicação, observaram-se 55,6% de ovos não eclodidos tratados com suspensão 106 esporos x mL-1 e com fêmeas tratadas obteve-se uma mortalidade total entre 85-90% e mortalidade confirmada entre 50-55%. A mortalidade máxima dos controles no tratamento dos ovos e das fêmeas foi, em média, de 12,8 e 15,5%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o isolado I. fumosorosea possui habilidade para infectar ovos e fêmeas adultas de P. ulmi e portanto mostra-se como uma alternativa viável para ser experimentada no campo.

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