DISTURBANCE OF ECLOSION SEQUENCE IN HYBRID LEPIDOPTERA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Complex Expression ◽  
Coadapted Gene Complex

AbstractSome interspecific and interpopulation Lepidoptera and Orthoptera hybrids show a syndrome of developmental abnormalities referred to here as the “sequence effect.” In normal within population broods of Lepidoptera males develop slightly faster than females, but in crosses showing the sequence effect, females in one direction of the cross develop faster and in the reciprocal cross much more slowly than their male siblings. In some cases the environmentally induced diapause of the females may differ strikingly from that of their male siblings. Development rate and diapause in these species appear to be controlled by a sex-linked coadapted gene complex. Expression of the sequence effect may result from a loss of a species- or population-specific balance between regulatory and secretory portions of this complex, resulting in hormonal abnormalities which are more likely to be expressed in the heterogametic sex (females in Lepidoptera, males in Orthoptera).

Hybridization between Drosophila setifemur and D. spinofemora.

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Clark
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
The Cross

Drosophila setifemur Malloch and D. spinofemora Sturtevant can be hybridized in the laboratory without difficulty. From the cross spinofemora x setifemur, hybrids of both sexes are fertile, but in the reciprocal cross the male hybrids are sterile. In the salivary-gland chromosomes of the hybrids there is no indication of any gross structural differences. Maternal inheritance is suggested as a possible explanation for some physiological differences observed between parent species and the hybrids. A revised systematic description of D. setifemur is presented.

scholarly journals HIGH MUTABILITY IN MALE HYBRIDS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Simmons ◽  
Nancy A Johnson ◽  
Thomas M Fahey ◽  
Sue M Nellett ◽  
John D Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reciprocal Mating

ABSTRACT The frequencies of sex-linked lethal mutations arising in hybrid male offspring from various crosses and in nonhybrid controls were determined. The hybrids were produced by crossing representative strains of the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis in all possible combinations. Males from the cross of P males × M females had a mutation rate about 15 times higher than that of nonhybrid males from the P strain. Genetically identical males from the reciprocal cross had a mutation rate 3 to 4 times that of the nonhybrids. For crosses involving a Q strain, a significant increase in the mutation rate was detected in males produced by matings of Q males with M females. No increase was observed in genetically identical males from the reciprocal mating. Crosses between P and Q strains gave male hybrids with mutation rates not different from those of nonhybrids. Many of the lethals that occurred in hybrids from the cross of P males × M females appeared to be unstable; fewer lethals that arose in hybrids from the cross of Q males × M females were unstable. The relationship between P and Q strains is discussed with respect to a model of mutation induction in dysgenic hybrids.

Congruency sequence effect is modulated by the similarity of conflicts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guochun Yang ◽  
Xu Honghui ◽  
Li Zhenghan ◽  
Weizhi Nan ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Polar Angle ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Congruency Sequence Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Mixed Effect Modeling

Congruence effect can be modulated by adjacent conflict conditions, producing congruency sequence effect (CSE). However, there are boundary conditions preventing the transfer of cross-conflict CSE. Intensive discussions have been made on whether CSE reflects top-down control or bottom-up associative learning, but neither could perfectly interpret the various boundary conditions. Their imperfection recently inspired an integrative associative learning account of cognitive control, which predicted that conflict similarity affects the magnitude of the cross-conflict CSE. We examined this hypothesis by introducing a compound condition containing both spatial Stroop and Simon components in Experiment 1. The conflict similarity was defined by the amount of component overlap, as manipulated by the polar angle of the target arrow in Experiments 2a and 2b and by the Euclidean distance of the target arrow in Experiments 3a and 3b, respectively. Mixed-effect modeling analyses indicated that in all experiments, the cross-conflict CSEs were positively correlated to the similarity of the two conflict conditions. Specifically, the compound condition with the same amount of Stroop and Simon components generated comparable CSE with both Stroop and Simon conditions (Experiment 1). When the compound condition was more similar to the Stroop than the Simon condition, a trend of larger CSE was observed between the compound conflict and the Stroop condition than between the compound conflict and the Simon condition, and vice versa (Experiments 2 and 3). Our study revealed that the continuum of the cross-conflict CSE was modulated by conflict similarity, hence supporting the associative learning account of cognitive control.

Germination and early growth of western larch (Larixoccidentalis), alpine larch (Larixlyallii), and their reciprocal hybrids

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton E. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Alpine Larch

Reciprocal cross pollinations between western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.) and alpine larch (L. lyallii Parl.) were done in Spring, 1991. The cross to alpine larch females was highly successful; 63% of the seeds developed mature embryos and 79% germinated. However, the cross to western larch females resulted in only 4% filled seed of which 68% germinated. Open-pollinated western larch and alpine larch averaged 26 and 32% filled seed with 48 and 44% germination, respectively. Less than 1% of the alpine larch hypocotyls were reddish in color; most of them were green. About 15% of the western larch and about 17% of the hybrids from alpine larch females had reddish hypocotyls, whereas hybrids from western larch females were intermediate between western larch and alpine larch. Hybrid seed began germinating before the parental types and initial height growth exceeded that of the parental types. However, 4 months following germination, western larch seedlings were ca. four times taller than the hybrids and 10 times taller than alpine larch. Stems of hybrids were significantly thicker than those of either western larch or alpine larch. Hybrid seedlings are robust, stocky, and may be useful in revegetating cold, moist sites between the elevational ranges of alpine and western larch.

scholarly journals Rapid Evolution of a Coadapted Gene Complex: Evidence From the Segregation Distorter (SD) System of Meiotic Drive in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1675-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F Palopoli ◽  
Chung-I Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Gene Complex ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Normal Homologue ◽  
Coadapted Gene Complex

Abstract Segregation Distorter (SD) is a system of meiotic drive found in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Males heterozygous for an SD second chromosome and a normal homologue (SD  +) produce predominantly SD-bearing sperm. The coadapted gene complex responsible for this transmission advantage spans the second chromosome centromere, consisting of three major and several minor interacting loci. To investigate the evolutionary history of this system, we surveyed levels of polymorphism and divergence at six genes that together encompass this pericentromeric region and span seven map units. Interestingly, there was no discernible divergence between SD and SD  + chromosomes for any of these molecular markers. Furthermore, SD chromosomes harbored much less polymorphism than did SD  + chromosomes. The results suggest that the SD system evolved recently, swept to appreciable frequencies worldwide, and carried with it the entire second chromosome centromeric region (roughly 10% of the genome). Despite its well-documented genetic complexity, this coadapted system appears to have evolved on a time scale that is much shorter than can be gauged using nucleotide substitution data. Finally, the large genomic region hitchhiking with SD indicates that a multilocus, epistatically selected system could affect the levels of DNA polymorphism observed in regions of reduced recombination.

GENETIC INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN PIERIS CALLIDICE AND PIERIS OCCIDENTALIS NELSONI: DIFFERENTIATION WITHIN A PERIGLACIAL RELICT COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Normal Host ◽  
The Cross

AbstractPieris callidice from the French Alps was hybridized with the phenotypically similar P. occidentalis nelsoni from Fairbanks, Alaska in order to examine the degree of genetic divergence within a group of Pleistocene origin. Egg hatch for the cross nelsoni male × callidice female was zero. In the reciprocal cross, egg hatch was normal, but most of the larvae failed to feed on the normal host-plant of nelsoni, and died. The hybrid pupae and the single adult were intermediate between the parents. It is inferred that P. callidice and P. o. nelsoni are more divergent genetically and physiologically than phenotypically.

scholarly journals TRIM21 and PHLDA3 Negatively Regulate the Cross-Talk between the PI3K/AKT Pathway and PPP Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Wanru Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Akt Inhibitor ◽  
Akt Activation ◽  
The Cross

SUMMARYPI3K/AKT signaling is known to regulate cancer metabolism but whether metabolic pathway feedbacks and regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the important reciprocal cross-talks between the PI3K/AKT signal and PPP branching metabolic pathways. PI3K/AKT activation stabilizes G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, by inhibiting a newly identified E3 ligase TIRM21, and promotes PPP. PPP metabolites, in turn, reinforce AKT activation and further promote cancer metabolic reprogramming by blocking the expression of an AKT inhibitor PHLDA3. Knockout TRIM21 or PHLDA3 promotes the cross-talks and cell proliferation. Importantly, PTEN null human cancer cells and in vivo murine models are sensitive to anti-PPP treatments, suggesting the importance of PPP in maintaining AKT activation even in the presence of a constitutively activated PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that blockade of these reciprocal cross-talks may have a therapeutic benefit for cancers with PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT activation.

scholarly journals Field Test Study of the Artificial Ground-Freezing Method Subsurface Excavation Construction of Watered Sandy Stratum in Collapsible Loess Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuan Mei ◽  
Liangjie Zhao ◽  
Xueyan Wang ◽  
Dongbo Zhou ◽  
Tong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Frost Heaving ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
Ground Freezing ◽  
Collapsible Loess ◽  
Artificial Ground Freezing ◽  
The Cross

Saturated sandy stratum often makes tunnel excavation exceedingly difficult owing to its high water content. The artificial ground-freezing (AGF) method is an effective way to reduce the construction risks in such stratum; however, the AGF mechanism in the saturated sandy stratum of a collapsible loess area still lacks sufficient research. Based on field tests and numerical simulations, this study investigates the regularity of the temperature development, frost heave, and thaw subsidence distribution during the cross passage construction of a saturated sandy stratum in a collapsible loess area, using the AGF method. The results showed that the inward development rate of the frozen soil wall in the saturated sandy stratum was faster than its outward development rate. The gradient of the soil cooling curve was positively related to the longitudinal depth of the cross passage. The thickness of the frozen soil wall calculated by the slowest development rate of the frozen soil was conservative. The application of the pressure relief hole was beneficial to the release of the frost-heaving force and the control of the frost-heaving displacement. The pressure gauge pressure increase could be used as an identifier for the closure of a frozen soil wall. After excavation, the inner wall of the cross passage moved toward the inner space of the passage.

Ultrastructural Changes of the Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Alga Isolated from Hydra Viridis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
K.W. Lee ◽  
R.H. Meints ◽  
D. Kuczmarski ◽  
J.L. Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Green Hydra ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydra Viridis

The physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the symbiotic relationship between the Chlorella-like algae and the hydra have been intensively investigated. Reciprocal cross-transfer of the Chlorellalike algae between different strains of green hydra provide a system for the study of cell recognition. However, our attempts to culture the algae free of the host hydra of the Florida strain, Hydra viridis, have been consistently unsuccessful. We were, therefore, prompted to examine the isolated algae at the ultrastructural level on a time course.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

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