BIOASSAY OF TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDES IN SOIL USING EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Bioassay Method ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

AbstractA bioassay method was developed for estimating persistence and rate of vertical movement of toxic residues of insecticides in soil Laboratory or field microplots of soil 15 to 45 cm deep were enclosed within a metal or plastic framework comprised of 1 or 5 cm sections which could be readily separated for bioassay. Using eggs and larvae of the cabbage maggot, toxic residues of carbofuran could be estimated at concentrations ranging from ca. 0.2 to 30 μg AI/g of dry soil. Higher concentrations were estimated from bioassays on treated soil serially diluted with untreated soil.

TOXICITY OF BENOMYL TO THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), IN GREENHOUSE TESTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres A. Reyes ◽  
A. B. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

AbstractBenomyl controlled cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on potted cabbage plants in a greenhouse when applied as a drench 3 days or 3 hours before eggs were introduced. It was not effective when applied 2 days or more after eggs were added or when the plants were transplanted from treated to untreated soil before eggs were added. The results suggested that the action of benomyl was ovicidal.

TOXICITY OF PROPOXUR IN WET AND DRY MINERAL SOIL TO ADULTS AND LARVAE OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
Fast Acting

AbstractIn greenhouse tests conducted in moist acid mineral soils, propoxur was highly toxic and fast acting as an adulticide against flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), and many other types of adult insects. Some flies in contact with the surface of treated soil were killed in 30 sec or less. When banded at depths of 1, 3.5, and 7 cm, propoxur moved upward and reached peak toxicity to flies standing on the surface in ca. 5, 20, and 35 days, respectively. Deeper placement of the insecticide resulted in lower levels of peak toxicity. Toxicant from 5 to 10 cm depth treatments was still detectable 6 months after soil treatment. Adulticide tests demonstrated that propoxur could be leached downward by addition of excess water to the soil surface. Under the conditions of tests where flies in cages landed at random on treated soils in miniplots, no toxicity was detected when the surface of the treated soil became air dry.A single preplanting subsurface application of propoxur banded below the soil surface in field experiments provided all season protection against cabbage maggot infestations during normal to relatively dry growing seasons but was ineffective during abnormally wet seasons.

REARING THE CABBAGE MAGGOT WITH AND WITHOUT DIAPAUSE

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Low Light ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
Diapause Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Development Proceeds

AbstractData presented demonstrate that induction of pupal diapause in the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), involves a relationship between photoperiodic, temperature, and light intensity conditions provided for the flies, eggs, and larvae. Generally, a short daylength of 12 hours for the flies induces pupal diapause, whereas a 16-hour photoperiod dictates continuous development without diapause. However, the expected response can he partially or almost completely reversed depending upon, conditions of photoperiod and temperature provided for eggs and larvae. Decreasing temperatures combined with low light intensities and short photoperiods for flies and larvae cause almost all pupae to enter diapause, and high temperatures tend to offset the influence of a short daylength or a downward trend in photoperiodic exposures provided for the flies and larvae. Diapause development proceeds to completion at a wide range of temperatures but high levels at certain times result in high mortality. Growth development following the completion of diapause development is inhibited by temperatures above 22 °C, whereas the final or adult developmental stage continues to completion at an increasing rate with increasing temperatures.

scholarly journals Improvement of engineering soil properties using non -traditional additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Mohanned Waheed ◽  
Noor Asmael
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Engineering Soil

Laboratory experiments are conducted to evaluate the effect of some non-traditional additives on the engineering properties of clayey soil, which show problematic phenomenon when used as a construction material. The conducted tests covered the influence of these additives on various parameters like consistency limits, compaction characteristics and CBR value. Two nontraditional stabilizers are selected in this study, polymers and phosphoric acid at three different percent which are (1%, 3% and 5%) of the dry soil weight. It is concluded that addition of the polymer to the clayey soil results in a slight increase in plastic limit while the liquid limit is not affected accompanied by a marginal decrease in the dry unit weight while the optimum moisture content remains unaffected. The addition of phosphoric acid to the clayey soil has no effect on its Atterberg limits. In general, it is observed that polymer is found to be ineffective as a stabilizer to improve clayey soils, especially in small amounts of about (3%). The phosphoric acid treated soil gained better improvement for all amounts of additive used. For (3%) acid treated soil the CBR is about (360%) compared to that of untreated soil, for that, it can be concluded that the improvement using phosphoric acid in the clay soils is a promising option and can be applied to solve the geotechnical stabilization problems.

SPATIAL PATTERN OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF HYLEMYA BRASSICAE ON CABBAGE

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1216-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Mukerji ◽  
D. G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Binomial Series ◽  
Binomial Parameter ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractCounts of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), on cabbage did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested plants over the expected number. But when the negative binomial series was fitted to the observed distribution, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameter k tended to increase with density. Using a common k, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q − p)−k, when values of k are as follows: egg 0.78, larva 0.71, pupa 0.84. Three different transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.

DIAPAUSE IN THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. McLeod ◽  
G. R. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractThe cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae, has a facultative diapause induced by the appropriate conditions of light and temperature: 16 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce nondiapause pupae while 12 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce diapause pupae. Diapause can be terminated if the pupae are exposed to temperatures from 0 to 5 °C for 4–5 months. Discrepancies in the literature with regard to the foregoing facts are explained.

HOST SELECTION BY THE ADULT CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE): EFFECT OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND COMMON NUTRIENTS ON OVIPOSITION

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. S. Nair ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot

AbstractIn Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) little oviposition occurred when access to host plant material was denied. The mustard oil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), stimulated the flies into greater activity and attracted them to its source. Sinigrin and four other glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) tested induced oviposition. AITC by itself did not induce, oviposition, but in the presence of a glucosinolate, small concentrations of AITC caused an increase in the number of eggs laid. Glucose, sucrose, casein, wheat germ oil, and a mixture of B-vitamins did not influence oviposition at the concentrations tested, but casein hydrolysate inhibited it. The role of glucosinolates and common nutrients in host selection by H. brassicae is discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mineral and Vitamin C Contents in Different Parts of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra SZÉKELY ◽  
Diána FURULYÁS ◽  
Mónika STÉGER-MÁTÉ
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents ◽  
Different Parts

Due to the increasing popularity of today’s health-conscious culture, beetroot plays an increasingly important role in a healthy, varied diet. While it contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, P, as well as high levels of vitamin C, several studies have proven its role in the prevention of many cancers. The aim of this study was to compare morphological properties, dry matter, and vitamin C and minerals contents in the different parts (peel, end, middle and top part of root) of the three investigated beetroot cultivars grown in treated and untreated soil. Fertilizer was added to the treated soil before sowing of the beet seeds, while untreated soil was not treated. The vitamin C contents were measured using HPLC method, while determination of element contents was determined with IPC-OES. The study showed that the beetroots grow in the treated soil had improved morphological properties, but a significant difference was not found. For Vitamin C and element contents (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn), it was observed a high degree of diversity in the different beetroot parts and between the cultivation years. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of the examined parameters within the beetroot body in different beetroot cultivars observing the differences produced by the addition of fertilizer. Some elements were concentrated in the peel and top part such as Ca, Mn and Mg. The peel part of the beetroots contained relevantly higher Fe content than the top, middle and end part. Based on these results, significant differences were observed among the investigated beetroot cultivars regards of the body weight.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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