THE SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF HEMATOPHAGOUS DIPTERA ATTACKING CATTLE IN INSULAR NEWFOUNDLAND

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. McCreadie ◽  
Murray H. Colbo ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Early Evening ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Major Pest

AbstractA cattle-baited (C-B) trap and a Trueman–McIver (T-M) segregating CO2 trap provided information on seasonal abundance, host-seeking activity, and blood-feeding of biting-flies near St. John's, Newfoundland. A total of 19 682 biting-flies (26 species) were collected (C-B trap = 11 407; T-M trap = 8275) from 26 May to 16 September 1982. Black-flies (Simuliidae) comprised 94.1% of the total sample (C-B trap = 10 747; T-M trap = 7773). Mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), and tabanids (Tabanidae) comprised the remainder. Blood-fed flies represented 54.7% of the total catch in the C-B trap, but the proportion varied considerably among species. Black-fly activity was concentrated in June and July, though flies were also collected in May, August, and September. Prosimulium mixtum was the predominant species in June and Simulium venustum/verecundum complex was the major pest in July. Prosimulium mixtum was most active from mid-morning to late-afternoon, with little evening activity. Simulium venustum/verecundum complex showed 2 peaks of activity, one in the morning and another in the early evening. A few P. mixtum and S. venustum/verecundum complex were active after dark. Captures from the T-M and C-B traps were compared to test the reliability of the T-M trap as an indicator of activity of biting-flies attracted to cattle. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) between the number of flies collected in the 2 traps were found for P. mixtum and S. venustum/verecundum complex. Remaining species were taken in numbers too low for analysis.

scholarly journals Seasonal Abundance of Culicoides at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG) and Camp Humphreys USAG, Republic of Korea, 2010-2013 and 2014-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Myung-Soon Kim ◽  
Heung Chul Kim ◽  
Glenn A. Bellis ◽  
Sung-Tae Chong ◽  
Hyo-Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
June July

Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected using New Jersey light traps at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG;urban), Seoul Metropolitan city and Camp Humphreys USAG (rural), Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do (province), Republic of Korea , from May-October 2010-2013 and 2015-2017, to determine species composition and seasonal distribution patterns in urban and rural habitats. A total of 9,958 female (53.85%) and 8,533 male (46.15%) Culicoides comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides arakawae (74.3%), followed by C. circumscriptus (16.2%), C. kibunensis (2.5%), C. nasuensis (2.2%), C. clavipalpis (1.4%), and C. pallidulus (1.3%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for <2.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The 2 predominant species collected were C. circumscriptus (47.4%) and C. arakawae (33.4%) at Yongsan, and C. arakawae (90.4%) and C. circumscriptus (3.9%) at Camp Humphreys. The seasonal abundance of these 2 species varied between years and between sites but on average peaked in August-September for C. arakawae and June-July for C. circumscriptus. Annual variations in abundance were observed for most species collected during this study. Unusually high proportions of male specimens were observed for most species at both sites which may be due to the use of the New Jersey trap.

scholarly journals Modulation of odour-guided behaviour in mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Hill ◽  
Rickard Ignell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Enhancing Resources ◽  
Maturation Age ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

AbstractMosquitoes are emerging as model systems with which to study innate behaviours through neuroethology and functional genomics. Decades of work on these disease vectors have provided a solid behavioural framework describing the distinct repertoire of predominantly odour-mediated behaviours of female mosquitoes, and their dependence on life stage (intrinsic factors) and environmental cues (extrinsic factors). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how intrinsic factors, including adult maturation, age, nutritional status, and infection, affect the attraction to plants and feeding on plant fluids, host seeking, blood feeding, supplemental feeding behaviours, pre-oviposition behaviour, and oviposition in female mosquitoes. With the technological advancements in the recent two decades, we have gained a better understanding of which volatile organic compounds are used by mosquitoes to recognise and discriminate among various fitness-enhancing resources, and characterised their neural and molecular correlates. In this review, we present the state of the art of the peripheral olfactory system as described by the neural physiology, functional genomics, and genetics underlying the demonstrated changes in the behavioural repertoire in female mosquitoes. The review is meant as a summary introduction to the current conceptual thinking in the field.

Synthetic Pyrethroid, Natural Product, and Entomopathogenic Fungal Acaricide Product Formulations for Sustained Early Season Suppression of Host-Seeking Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Amblyomma americanum Nymphs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L Schulze ◽  
Robert A Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroid ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Host Seeking

Abstract We compared the ability of product formulations representing a synthetic pyrethroid acaricide (Talstar P Professional Insecticide), a natural product-based acaricide (Essentria IC3), and an entomopathogenic fungal acaricide (Met52 EC Bioinsecticide) to suppress Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs when applied following USEPA approved manufacturers’ label recommendations for tick control using hand-pumped knapsack sprayers before the beginning of their seasonal activity period in the spring. We applied Met52 EC Bioinsecticide (11% Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52) to five 100 m2 plots (10.6 ml AI/plot) in mid-April 2020. Two weeks later at the end of April 2020, we treated an additional five 100 m2 plots each with either Talstar P Professional Insecticide (7.9% bifenthrin @ 2.5 ml AI/plot) or Essentria IC3 (10% rosemary oil, 5% geraniol, and 2% peppermint oil @ 86.6 ml AI/plot). Weekly sampling of all plots through the end of June 2020 showed that both Met52 EC Bioinsecticide and Essentria IC3 failed to maintain a 90% suppression threshold for I. scapularis, compared to control plots, and required two additional applications over the course of the trial. In contrast, Talstar P Professional Insecticide suppressed 100% of I. scapularis nymphs and ≥96 and 100% of A. americanum nymphs and adults, respectively. Such pre-season applications of synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduce the early season acarological risk for exposure to host-seeking ticks as well as the frequency of acaricide applications.

scholarly journals Long‐term shifts in the seasonal abundance of adult Culicoides biting midges and their impact on potential arbovirus outbreaks

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sanders ◽  
Chris R. Shortall ◽  
Marion England ◽  
Richard Harrington ◽  
Beth Purse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges

The Seasonal Abundance of Female Biting-Midges, Culicoides-Brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), in Coastal South-Eastern Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Generation Time ◽  
New South ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

Daily light-trap collections of female C. brevitarsis were made at three localities along the northern coastal plains of New South Wales. Numbers increased during spring, were maximal in summer, declined during autumn and were minimal in winter. The generation time was about 3-4 weeks in the summer and several cohorts of nulliparous midges, probably representing different generations, were detected from spring to autumn. Some breeding continued throughout the winter. Summer abundance appeared to be associated with high rates of reproduction in late spring or early summer, and this occurred when rainfall was adequate for good pasture growth. Midge survival was better in the summer than in other seasons of the year, and numbers of parous females increased rapidly whenever it rained, probably due to their increased survival and longevity. At each locality, numbers fluctuated throughout spring, summer and autumn, with peaks and troughs of abundance which were often not obviously associated with concurrent climatic conditions or cattle movements.

scholarly journals Effect of Dinotefuran, Permethrin, and Pyriproxyfen (Vectra® 3D) on the Foraging and Blood-Feeding Behaviors of Aedes albopictus Using Laboratory Rodent Model

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Djamel Tahir ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Marie Varloud ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Feeding Effect ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
And Control

Dinotefuran-Permethrin-Pyriproxyfen (DPP) is used to kill and repel mosquitoes from dogs. However, the influence of the product on the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes remains unknown. The interference of DPP with the host selection of unfed female Aedes albopictus was investigated. A total of 18 animals (9 mice and 9 rats) were divided into three groups of six animals each. DU: DPP treated rats (n = 3) with untreated mice (n = 3), UD: DPP treated mice (n = 3) with untreated rats (n = 3) and control UU: untreated mice (n = 3) and untreated rats (n = 3). In each group, the rats and mice were placed 30 cm apart. After sedation, the animals in each group were exposed twice (Day 1 and Day 7 post-treatment) for one hour to 71 ± 3 female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were categorized after the 2-h post-exposure period as dead or alive. Blood-meal origin was determined from mosquitoes using a newly customized duplex qPCR. The highest values of forage ratio (1.36 ≥ wi ≤ 1.88) and selection index (0.63 ≥ Bi ≤ 0.94) for rat hosts indicates a preference of mosquitoes for this species as compared to mice when co-housed during the exposure. The mosquitoes only seldom fed on mice, even in the untreated group. The anti-feeding effect of DPP was therefore only assessed on rat’s hosts. The results showed that DPP, when directly applied on rats, provided a direct protection of 82% and 61% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively, while when applied on mice hosts (UD), the DPP provided an indirect protection of 21% and 10% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively. The results showed also that DPP, when applied on rats, provided a direct protection against Ae. albopictus bites. This effect did not result in increased exposure of the untreated host placed in the same cage at a distance of 30 cm.

scholarly journals Cues used in host-seeking behavior by frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp. Coquillet)

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena E Bernal ◽  
Priyanka de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Biting Midges ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Abundance of Two Whitefly Species (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Georgia Soybean

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
A. L. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Whitefly Population ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Trialeurodes Abutilonea

‘Braxton’ and ‘Cobb’ soybeans were surveyed every 7 to 10 days from mid-July through September, 1993 and 1994, to determine the seasonal abundance of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, and the bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman). Population densities peaked in early September 1993, at over 31 eggs and nymphs per 2.54 cm2 of leaf area on Cobb soybeans (a Maturity Group VIII variety), and 15 eggs and nymphs on Braxton soybeans (a Maturity Group VII variety). Silverleaf whitefly was the predominant species on all sampling dates throughout the season. At the population peak, there were 14.4 silverleaf whitefly and 3.3 bandedwinged whitefly nymphs per 2.54 cm2 on Cobb and 8.8 silverleaf whitefly and 2.0 bandedwinged whitefly nymphs on Braxton. Whitefly population densities peaked in late September 1994, at over 6 eggs and 59 nymphs on Cobb and 1 egg and 18 nymphs on Braxton. The whitefly population in 1994 was comprised almost exclusively of silverleaf whitefly, with 58 and 17 nymphs per 2.54 cm2 on Cobb and Braxton, respectively, on 23 September compared to less than 1.0 bandedwinged whitefly on each of these varieties. At the population peak each year, there were significantly more eggs and silverleaf whitefly nymphs on the upper trifoliolate leaves than on the lower trifoliolate leaves.

Mechanics of blood-feeding in black flies (Diptera, simuliidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Sutcliffe ◽  
Susan B. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Black Flies

Identifying environmental drivers of insect phenology across space and time: Culicoides in Scotland as a case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Searle ◽  
A. Blackwell ◽  
D. Falconer ◽  
M. Sullivan ◽  
A. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Insect Phenology

AbstractInterpreting spatial patterns in the abundance of species over time is a fundamental cornerstone of ecological research. For many species, this type of analysis is hampered by datasets that contain a large proportion of zeros, and data that are overdispersed and spatially autocorrelated. This is particularly true for insects, for which abundance data can fluctuate from zero to many thousands in the space of weeks. Increasingly, an understanding of the ways in which environmental variation drives spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution, abundance and phenology of insects is required for management of pests and vector-borne diseases. In this study, we combine the use of smoothing techniques and generalised linear mixed models to relate environmental drivers to key phenological patterns of two species of biting midges, Culicoides pulicaris and C. impunctatus, of which C. pulicaris has been implicated in transmission of bluetongue in Europe. In so doing, we demonstrate analytical tools for linking the phenology of species with key environmental drivers, despite using a relatively small dataset containing overdispersed and zero-inflated data. We demonstrate the importance of landcover and climatic variables in determining the seasonal abundance of these two vector species, and highlight the need for more empirical data on the effects of temperature and precipitation on the life history traits of palearctic Culicoides spp. in Europe.

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