REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE SPRUCE BUDMOTH, ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. & FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: OLETHREUTINAE), IN NEW BRUNSWICK

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Turgeon ◽  
N. Nelson ◽  
E.G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStudies on the reproductive biology of the spruce budmoth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & Free., were conducted in northern New Brunswick. Observations of adults under insectary conditions revealed that peak mating occurred around midnight, and that copulation lasted on average 4.3 h. The age of males and females at mating as well as their longevity is provided for both years. The pre-oviposition period was similar for both years, 6.1 and 6.3 days in 1984 and 1985, respectively. The oviposition period decreased from 6.1 days in 1984 to 4.4 days in 1985. The total fecundity was 32.9 eggs per female in 1984 and 21.8 eggs per female in 1985. The mean age-specific oviposition rate under 1984 field conditions is also presented. The importance of these results in determining the proper timing of adulticidal sprays against Z. canadensis is discussed.

Mating and Oviposition of Tingis ampliata H.-S. (Het. Tingidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Peak Phase

AbstractPeriod of mating varies annually from 46 to 65 days during April to late June or early May to July. Lacebugs mated at any time of day but peak of pairing tended to occur about afternoon at field temperatures around I5°C. Duration of mating and angle between the sexes varies between pairs. In 55 % of pairs, males were to the right of females with dorsal surface of tip of male abdomen in contact with ventral aspect of that of female. Eggs are usually laid singly but occasionally in groups of 2-6 in thistle leaves. Oviposition in stems may occur at high adult densities in the laboratory. About 78-99 % of total eggs were laid in primary leaves, others in leaflets of axillary buds. Eggs were predominantly laid in midribs and other veins. Tingis eggs were implanted to varying degrees or seldom unembedded in leaf mesophyll with extrusion of part of chorion beyond non-oviposition surface in thin leaves. Oviposition rhythm was positively correlated with daily rhythm of physical conditions especially temperature. Six-hourly oviposition rate, proportion of females laying, and number of eggs laid per female increased from minimum between 00.00 and 06.00 hours to a peak at 12.00 to 18.00 hours and declined afterwards. Rate of oviposition and average fecundity varied annually according to temperature differential between pre-peak oviposition period of different years. Oviposition rate increased with temperature (in I965 and I966) and age (in I965) during pre-peak phase; but it decreased with aging of bugs in the post-peak phase when temperature had insignificant effects. Total fecundity in the laboratory or field varies considerably between individual females. At I5 and 20°C constant temperature, average numbers of eggs laid per female were 20 and 6I, respectively. Oviposition in laboratory tended to be periodic and females die without completing oviposition. Oviposition period varies annually in the field from I0 to I2 weeks, usually from early May to late July. In the laboratory this period varied with individuals and temperature from about 5.2 weeks at I5°C to at least 7.6 weeks at 20°C.

Studies on the biology of Acanthomia tomentosicollis (Stål) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in the field and insectary

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Egwuatu ◽  
T. Ajibola Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

AbstractStudies on the biology of Acanthomia tomentosicollis (Stål) at Ibadan, Nigeria, showed that the periods of development in the field and the insectary averaged 17 and 18 days, respectively. The hemispherical, hexagonally sculptured eggs were laid in batches of 2.99 (mean=7 eggs per batch in the insectary and 20 in the field). Preoviposition periods were 11–22 days in unmated and 6–9 days in mated females. The mean number of eggs deposited by mated females (202) was significantly higher than that deposited by unmated females (135), although the average oviposition period of 16 weeks in unmated females was three weeks longer than in mated females. Unmated males and females were longer-lived than their mated counterparts, and females generally lived longer than males. These results and other observations on 'the biology of A. tomentosicollis are discussed in the context of its seasonal biology and the pattern of infestation of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajari), its main host plant.

SUCROSE INGESTION BY ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSIS MUT. & FREE. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) INCREASES LONGEVITY AND LIFETIME FECUNDITY BUT NOT OVIPOSITION RATE

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan L. Carroll ◽  
Dan T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Lifetime Fecundity

AbstractIn the laboratory, the longevity and fecundity of female Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) given access to a 10% sucrose solution and water was greater than that of females provided only water. The presence or absence of sucrose did not affect oviposition rate during the first 10 days post-emergence, after which most females denied sucrose died. The enhanced fecundity of sucrose-fed females was due to their increased longevity and, hence, longer oviposition period. Greater longevity, combined with a decrease in oviposition rate and egg viability with age, resulted in a lower average lifetime oviposition rate and percentage viable egg production for females provided sucrose. Although carbohydrate ingestion resulted in increased fecundity and longevity in the laboratory, its effect in nature may be minimal because Z. canadensis usually does not live more than 10 days under field conditions.

The effects of spirotetramat on the demographic parameters of Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani ◽  
Katayoon Kheradmand ◽  
Ali asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Total Life

Knowledge of the effects of pesticides on biological control agents is mandatory for the successful implementation of IPM programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spirotetramat on the life table parameters of Neoseiulus californicus, under laboratory conditions [25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h]. The experiments were carried out based on the leaf-dip technique. The experimental concentrations including 10000, 20000 and 30000 ppm of the spirotetramat were used in this study. The raw data was analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The longevity, total life span, oviposition period, and total fecundity significantly decreased after exposure to concentrations of 20000 and 30000 ppm. The oviposition period was scored 26 days in the control cohort, which reduced to 22.87 days in the 30000 ppm. The total fecundity ranged between 29.45 and 39.46 (offspring/individual). Among the examined concentrations, the lowest values of the gross and net reproductive rates were 21.96 and 17.69 (offspring/individual), observed for the cohort treated with 30000 ppm concentration. Our findings showed the r and λ of N. californicus were not influenced by the different concentrations. The mean generation time (T) for control was the highest; the values for T varied from 18.35 days at control to 16.36 days at 30000 ppm. Therefore, it was concluded that spirotetramat can be introduced as a compatible pesticide alongside the predatory mite, N. californicus, which is an excellent tool that can be incorporated into the integrated pest management of T. urticae.

Distribution and reproductive biology of the blackchin guitarfish, Rhinobatos cemiculus (Pisces: Rhinobatidae), in Tunisian waters (central Mediterranean)

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Capape ◽  
J Zaouali
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Chemical Balance ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Rhinobatos cemiculus are described from specimens collected in Tunisian waters. Sizes at first sexual maturity of males and females are 1000 mm and 1100 mm total length (TL), respectively. Adult females are generally larger than adult males, the maximum TL for males and females being 1920 mm and 2300 mm, respectively. The smallest gravid female observed was 1220 mm TL. R. cemiculus is an aplacental viviparous species, with each female having two ovaries and two uteri, both functional. Ripe oocytes in the ovaries, ova, embryos and fully developed fetuses in the uteri are symmetrically distributed. The gestation period could last for a maximum of eight months. Vitellogenesis proceeds in parallel with gestation, and at the time of parturition a crop of ripe oocytes is ready to be ovulated. Ovulation and parturition occur during winter and summer, respectively. There is probably one litter per year. The mean TL and mean weight of fully developed fetuses are 39.6 mm and 115.1 g, respectively. A computed chemical balance of development, based on the mean dry weights of fully developed fetuses and ripe oocytes, is 1.01. This low value is due to the fact that R. cemiculus is purely a lecithotrophic species. Fecundity ranges from 5 to 12 young per litter. Ovarian fecundity and uterine fecundity are slightly correlated with the size of females. Females are more numerous than males in the total sample, as well as in utero and at the juvenile stage; however, this is not the case for subadults and adults. This phenomenon is probably due to segregation of the sexes at different depths during certain stages of the reproductive cycle rather than to a high rate of mortality among subadult and adult females.

FECUNDITY AND HOST UTILIZATION OF THE APHID PARASITE APHELINUS SEMIFLAVUS (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE) AT TWO HOST DENSITIES

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Mackauer
Keyword(s):  
Host Density ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Total Fecundity ◽  
Aphid Parasite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Host Utilization

AbstractThe longevity, fecundity, and oviposition rates of Aphelinus semiflavus Howard were determined at densities of 20 and 60 pea aphid hosts per day. Host density had no significant effect on parasite longevity and total fecundity, but it did influence the mean daily oviposition rate (16.5 and 19.5 aphids/day at density 20 and 60, respectively) and the overall proportion of aphids parasitized (82.3% and 32.5%, respectively) during the period of maximum egg laying. The implications of a shift in the fecundity schedule to an earlier reproductive age are discussed.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Ameerega trivittata (Anura: Dendrobatidae) in an area of terra firme forest in eastern Amazonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Cristina Serrão Acioli ◽  
Selvino Neckel-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
The Relationship

The reproductive success of tropical amphibians is influenced by factors such as body size and the characteristics of breeding sites. Data on reproductive biology are important for the understanding of population dynamics and the maintenance of species. The objectives of the present study were to examine the abundance of Ameerega trivittata, analyze the use of microhabitats by calling males and the snout-vent length (SVL) of breeding males and females, the number of tadpoles carried by the males and mature oocytes in the females, as well as the relationship between the SVL of the female and both the number and mean size of the mature oocytes found in the ovaries. Three field trips were conducted between January and September, 2009. A total of 31 plots, with a mean area of 2.3 ha, were surveyed, resulting in records of 235 individuals, with a mean density of 3.26 individuals per hectare. Overall, 66.1% of the individuals sighted were located in the leaf litter, while 17.4% were perched on decaying tree trunks on the forest floor, 15.7% on the aerial roots of Cecropia trees, and 0.8% on lianas. Males were observed transporting a mean of 10.8 tadpoles on their backs. A significant correlation was found between the size of the females and the mean diameter of the oocytes. New data were collected on the size of oocytes and no pattern was found in the type of perches used by calling males of the different Ameerega species.

Mantle Of The Expert Strategy Effectiveness In The Development Of Creative Thinking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Arman
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Girls School ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

<p>This study aimed at investigating the Effectiveness of Mantle of the Expert in creative thinking Skills among the 7<sup>th</sup> Graders. The study conducted on a sample of 7<sup>th</sup> Graders at Kober Secondary Boys School and Upper Kober Elementary Girls School. The study sample consisted of (100) students split into two groups (experimental and control). The researcher adopting the Torrance test for creative thinking the verbal image "A" by examining the tests used in the Ristow study (1988), Edwards and Baldov (1987) study, and designing a teacher book for the (engineering and measurement) unit according to the integration between the strategies of the mantle of the expert and role playing.</p> <p>This study adopted quasi-experimental design. It included two groups (experimental and controlled) in two branches (males and females) for each group. The controlled group was taught by using the traditional method whereas the experimental group by the mantle of the expert. The data analyzed using (ANCOVA) test to measure the differences in the development of creative thinking between the control and experimental groups.</p> <p>The Conclusions showed that there are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the creative thinking test due to the way, gender and interaction between them.</p> <p>Based on the Conclusions of the study, the researcher recommends the need to use the mantles of the expert in the teaching of mathematics.</p>

scholarly journals Using maize wastes, fermented by co-cultures of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens, as grain dressing against m maize diseases under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherien M. M. Atalla ◽  
Mokhtar M. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Nadia G. El-Gamal ◽  
Nehal S. El-Mougy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uv Visible

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most economic crops in Egypt. Production of amylase from the waste of maize is the most economic and cheap renewable and most abundant raw materials present in environment. Biosynthesis of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles for amylase production by co-culturing between Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens at different ratios compared to free conditions was the main purpose of this study. The optimum ratio 8:2, recorded between P. fluorescens: T. harzianum, was the most promising for production of amylase produce 22.47 and 28.60 U/ml for free and nano, respectively. The UV visible spectral analysis Cu-chitosan NPs was 220 nm, while the mean diameter, using transmission electron microscopy was 0.5 μm. Application of fermented maize wastes by co-cultivation of P. fluorescence and T. harzianum, as a grain dressing before sowing declared the reduction in both root and foliar diseases during the maize growing season, starting from germination up to 70 days of its vegetative growth under field conditions. A promising approach is the creation and use of environmentally safe products, whose protective effect is based on the induction of hydrolase inhibitors in plants.

Variation within and between Rivers in Adult Size and Sea Age at Maturity of Anadromous Brown Trout, Salmo trutta

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

I compared adult size and sea age at sexual maturity among nine populations of anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, in two Norwegian rivers to determine the extent of inter- and intrariverine variations. Variation in the mean length of spawners and in the mean sea age at sexual maturity were mainly dependent on the variations found within rather than between rivers. Mean lengths and mean age at maturity of males increased significantly with increasing altitude of the spawning area and with migration distance in freshwater. In females, positive significant correlations were found with mean lengths and altitude of the spawning area and with mean sea age at maturity and both spawning site altitude and migration distance. Mean lengths and ages of males and females were not significantly correlated with the rate of water discharge in the streams during spawning. The size of gravel substrate for spawning was of minor importance in explaining interpopulation variation in mean female size. The increase noted in mean length and in mean sea age at maturity of both males and females is probably an adaptation to greater energy expenditure to reach the uppermost natal spawning areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document