THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AND PREY PREFERENCE OF FELTIELLA ACARISUGA (VALLOT) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) FOR TWO OF ITS PREY: MALE AND FEMALE TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITES, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Opit ◽  
B. Roitberg ◽  
D.R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Response Models ◽  
Prey Handling ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response ◽  
Twospotted Spider

AbstractThe preference of the predatory midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot), for adult male and female twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was examined using functional response models. The midge exhibited a type-II functional response to each prey. Handling time was estimated to be much higher for the female mites than for the males (1.52 vs. 0.40 h). Estimated instantaneous search rates for the female and male mites were similar (1.32 vs. 1.28). A preference index of 1.03 was calculated using the ratio of the instantaneous search rates. Feltiella acarisuga was found to exhibit no preference for either female or male mites; when both prey were present in equal numbers, midge larvae killed as many females as males.

PREFERENCE OF REDUVIOLUS AMERICOFERUS (HEMIPTERA: NABIDAE) FOR POTATO LEAFHOPPER NYMPHS AND PEA APHIDS

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1503-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Flinn ◽  
A.A. Hower ◽  
R.A.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Potato Leafhopper ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Functional Response Models ◽  
Prey Handling ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

AbstractThe preference of the nabid, Reduviolus americoferus (L.), for potato leafhopper nymphs, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was examined using functional response models. The nabid exhibited a type-II functional response to each prey. Handling time was much higher for the aphid than for the leafhopper (3.623 vs. 0.211 h). Instantaneous search rates were also higher for the aphid (0.096 vs. 0.020 h−1). A preference index was calculated using the ratio of the instantaneous search rates. The nabid exhibited strong preference for the aphid; when both prey were present in equal numbers, the nabid consumed 3 times as many aphids. The predator did not switch to leafhopper nymphs as the proportion of leafhoppers was increased.

scholarly journals Functional response of Cydnodromus picanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Ernesto Tello Mercado ◽  
Miguel Esteban Zarzar Maza ◽  
Angélica María Suarez Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
65 H ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The functional response of adult females of predatory mite Cydnodromus picanus Ragusa (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was evaluated at different egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100 and 150 eggs per predator) of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), which had 16, 42 and 65 h since oviposition. The experimental design was in a completely randomized blocks with five replicates per treatment. The environmental conditions of the trials were 25±2°C temperature, 50±2% of relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (light: dark). The average consumption rates for the three kinds of prey showed no significant differences (p>0.05) being 20.56±1.02, 18.59±0.79 and 18.38±0.94 prey/predator for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. Using a logistic regression, a type II functional response on C. picanus females for the three kinds of eggs was determined. The values of response parameters for C. picanus females were as follows: Attack rate (a): 0.055±0.006, 0.076±0.009 and 0.073±0.016; Handling time (Th): 0.684±0.036, 0.894±0.034 and 0.898±0.062; for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. These values are within the range of variation for different species of phytoseiids. These results suggest that C. picanus could effectively regulate populations of T. urticae in the field.  

scholarly journals Building a mechanistic understanding of predation with GPS-based movement data

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1550) ◽  
pp. 2279-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Merrill ◽  
Håkan Sand ◽  
Barbara Zimmermann ◽  
Heather McPhee ◽  
Nathan Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Functional Response Models ◽  
Kill Site ◽  
The Right

Quantifying kill rates and sources of variation in kill rates remains an important challenge in linking predators to their prey. We address current approaches to using global positioning system (GPS)-based movement data for quantifying key predation components of large carnivores. We review approaches to identify kill sites from GPS movement data as a means to estimate kill rates and address advantages of using GPS-based data over past approaches. Despite considerable progress, modelling the probability that a cluster of GPS points is a kill site is no substitute for field visits, but can guide our field efforts. Once kill sites are identified, time spent at a kill site (handling time) and time between kills (killing time) can be determined. We show how statistical models can be used to investigate the influence of factors such as animal characteristics (e.g. age, sex, group size) and landscape features on either handling time or killing efficiency. If we know the prey densities along paths to a kill, we can quantify the ‘attack success’ parameter in functional response models directly. Problems remain in incorporating the behavioural complexity derived from GPS movement paths into functional response models, particularly in multi-prey systems, but we believe that exploring the details of GPS movement data has put us on the right path.

scholarly journals Sublethal effect of Abamectin in the functional response of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Monjarás-Barrera ◽  
J. C. Chacón-Hernández ◽  
E. Cerna-Chávez ◽  
Y. M. Ochoa-Fuentes ◽  
L. A. Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Predator Mite

Abstract The biological control used for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is the predator mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). It is important to the know the effects of acaricides on the biological behavior the Abamectin on the functional response of P. persimilis. The functional response of the predator was of type II exposed to concentration of Abamectin, the functional response parameters: successful attack rate (a’), handling time (Th), search efficiency and the maximum predation theory (T/Th) were affected by the acaricide. The predator spends more time in persecute, dominate, consume and prepair it self to the next searching comparing with the proof subject an the predation ability was affected.

scholarly journals Functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot to Tetranychus urticae Koch: effects of prey life stages and temperature

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Md Wahedul Islam ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

This paper examines the effect of density and temperature on the functional response of adult female Phytoseiulus persimilis to different life stages of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The functional response was determined using functional response assay technique with plant leaf discs an arena. We conducted a logistic regression of the proportion of prey consumed as a function of initial prey density to identify functional response types, and used nonlinear least-squares regression and the random predator equation to estimate attack rates and handling times. In all the cases number of adult male prey attacked by female predator were greater than adult female prey. P. persimilis consumed more eggs and larvae than other stages of prey. Female predator consumed adult prey at each temperature which generally increased with prey density initially but leveled off at higher prey densities. The highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by predator in 24 hours was 16.3 ± 0.42, 9.9 ± 0.59 and 9.5 ± 0.40 respectively whereas the highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by a single female in 48 hours was 19.5 ± 1.15, 18.6 ± 0.62 and 13.3 ± 0.65 respectively. Handling time generally decreased with temperature whereas successful attack rate increased with temperature except at 30º C. Judging by a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae at 30-35ºC, about half as efficient at 25 ºC and performed poorly at 20º C. Again, from a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae in egg stage, about half as efficient at larva and nymph stages and performed poorly at adult stage.   Key words: Phytoseiulus persimilis; Tetranychus urticae; functional response; predation; temperature.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1.9458 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 1-8

A COMPARISON OF TWO MODELS OF THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE WITH EMPHASIS ON PARAMETER ESTIMATION PROCEDURES

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman R. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Nonlinear Functional ◽  
Functional Response Models ◽  
Parameter Values

AbstractThe two primary functional response models extant in recent entomological literature were compared using a common set of data. Use of an iterative least squares parameter estimation routine was shown to be essential to a comparison of these two models. With parameters properly determined, the Watt model fit data on one out of five experiment days best, the Holling model fit data best on four out of five experiment days. The "handling time" submodel was shown to require iterative least squares parameter estimation rather than the usual log transformation and subsequent fitting of this logistic function by standard linear regression techniques. The conclusion was reached that if accuracy in prediction by nonlinear functional response models is desired, proper methods of determining parameter values are of critical importance.

Use of Functional Response Modeling to Evaluate the Effect of Temperature on Predation of Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Adults Preying on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Nymphs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Masood Amir-Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In this research, functional responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot preying on different Tetranychus urticae Koch nymphal densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were studied at eight constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37.5°C) in a circular Petri dish (3-cm diameter × 1-cm height) under lab conditions. At all temperatures, the logistic regression showed a type II functional response. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and attack rate and the reciprocal of handling time. The reciprocal of handling time decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. In contrast, the attack rate grew rapidly with increasing temperatures up to an optimum, showing a decreasing trend at higher temperatures. In order to quantify the functional response of A. swirskii over a broad range of temperatures and to gain a better estimation of attack rate and handling time, a temperature-settled functional response equation was suited to our data. Our model showed that the number of prey consumed increased with rising prey density. Also, the predation rates increased with increasing temperatures but decreased at extremely high temperatures. Based on our model, the predation rate begins at the lower temperature threshold (11.73°C) and reaches its peak at upper temperature threshold (29.43°C). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the random predator model was 0.99 for all temperatures. The capability of A. swirskii to search and consume T. urticae over a wide range of temperatures makes it a good agent for natural control of T. urticae in greenhouses.

scholarly journals PREFERENSI DAN TANGGAP FUNGSIONAL PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LARVA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN KENTANG

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
S. Sosromarsono ◽  
U. Kartosuwondo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Female Parasitoid ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The preference and functional response of Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on host larvae of potato leafminers. The preference of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) on host larvae of potato leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and their  functional response on host abundance were studied in laboratory. The preference test was conducted by releasing a female parasitoid in a cage containing two redbean leaves, one with 2nd instar and another one with 3rd instar.  The functional response test was conducted by providing 3rd instar  with density 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13  larvae  per leaf. The result showed that  H. varicornis had the preference on 3rd instar  larvae compared to 2nd instar, either for parasitisation or paralysis. Based on logistic regression analysis it was found that the parasitoid showed type II functional response on the increase of host abundance. The searching rate (a) and handling time (Th) for paralysis were 0.038 and 1.473 based on disk equation model, and 0.076 and 2.060 on ramdom equation model.  For parasitisation activity, the value of  a and Th were  0.012 and 4.649 based on disk equation model, and 0.014 and 5.075 on random equation model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) larvae feeding on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

This study evaluated the functional response of the larva of the predator Chrysoperla carnea by offering varying densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) . Results showed conformity with type–II functional response, where the number of prey killed approaches asymptote hyperbolically as prey density increases (declining proportion of prey killed or the inverse density dependent) till it reached the stability stage determined by handling time and predator satiation. Also, the values of attack rate and handling time changed with age progress for both predator and prey. It has been observed an increase in the attack rate and reduction in handling time with the progress of the predator age when feeding on a particular nymphal instar. The attack rates of the predator was 1.779,3.406 and 4.219 ,while handling time was 0.015,0.010 and 0.008 (days) for 1st,2nd,3rd larval instars respectively, when fed on 1st nymphal instar. Also attack rates decreased and increases handling time with the progress in the prey. The attack rates were 1.779, 1.392, 1.096 and 1.059, due to an increase in size of the predator and in the growing efficiency in hunting the prey as well as in the increase in size of the prey and in developing its ability to defend itself and escape.

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