Seasonal occurrence, species composition, and parasitism of Lygus spp. in alfalfa, canola, and mustard

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Braun ◽  
M. Erlandson ◽  
D. Baldwin ◽  
J. Soroka ◽  
P. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Predominant Species

AbstractField collections of over-wintering and summer adults and nymphs of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Lygus borealis (Kelton), and Lygus elisus Van Duzee were made weekly in five fields in Saskatchewan in 1998 and 1999. The crops sampled were alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Leguminosae), canola, Brassica napus L. (Cruciferae), and mustard, Sinapis alba L. (Cruciferae), at Vonda, and alfalfa and canola at Saskatoon. In alfalfa, the most abundant Lygus spp. found in May and June were over-wintering adult L. lineolaris and (or) L. borealis; the predominant species in mid-June to early July was L. borealis; and the population from mid-July to late August was dominated by L. lineolaris. In canola, adult populations of Lygus spp. were not found until mid-June. The predominant species, L. lineolaris, probably over-wintering adults, was first detected in canola at the early bud stage in late June to early July; high numbers of L. lineolaris adults occurred in canola in mid-August. Populations of Lygus spp. in organic mustard were negligible. Dissections of field-collected Lygus spp. nymphs revealed parasitism in up to 70% of the midsummer population in alfalfa. In contrast, less than 1% of the late-season Lygus spp. population, primarily L. lineolaris in canola and L. lineolaris and L. borealis in alfalfa, was parasitized.

Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on field beans and soybeans in Manitoba, Canada: species composition and seasonal occurrence

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nagalingam ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Adelphocoris Lineolatus ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractIn Manitoba, Canada, commercial soybeans and two types of field beans, navy and pinto, were sampled for plant bugs. At the centre and margins of 36 fields, sweep net and tap tray samples were taken weekly. In all three crops, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) comprised >78% and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) <10% of adult mirids. Species composition varied among years but not among crops. For Lygus Hahn, nymphs were 46% of the catch in trays and 23% in sweeps, but total Lygus catch in trays was >2% of that in sweeps. Catch/sample effort was similar at field centres and margins for both Lygus adults and nymphs. Lygus lineolaris reproduced and developed in all three crops. In field beans, Lygus adults were first collected in late vegetative and early pod set stages and late instar nymphs and adults were present from pod elongation until maturity – results consistent with immigration of first summer generation reproductive adults and development of the second generation in the crops. There was evidence of late season immigration of Lygus into all crops. There was no loss of seed quantity attributable to mirids in any of the crops; in field beans there was no evidence that mirids reduced seed quality.

Variation of Lygus species assemblages in canola agroecosystems in relation to ecoregion and crop stage

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cárcamo ◽  
J. Otani ◽  
C. Herle ◽  
M. Dolinski ◽  
L. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Boreal Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Proportions

AbstractPlant bugs in the genus Lygus (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Miridae) are sporadic pests of canola, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) and Brassica rapa L., in western Canada and infestations appear to have become increasingly common and severe in recent years. Surveys conducted from 1998 to 2000 identified a "northern" assemblage in the boreal ecoregion that was dominated by Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), with minor representation of Lygus borealis (Kelton), Lygus elisus (Van Duzee), and Lygus keltoni (Schwartz). A "southern" assemblage in the grassland ecoregions was dominated by L. keltoni, with a substantial abundance of L. elisus and L. borealis and with few L. lineolaris in the driest areas. The assemblage from the parkland ecoregion was variable but with few L. elisus. The boreal plains and parkland ecoregions of Alberta had the most serious and persistent infestations of Lygus spp. Relative species composition of the Lygus assemblage at the bolting stage was not related to the overall abundance of these bugs at the early pod stage. Lygus species assemblages were similar in terms of composition and relative abundance at the bolting and early pod stages of canola. A shift in species proportions in favour of L. lineolaris in the north and L. keltoni in the south and a decrease of L. elisus has taken place relative to studies conducted in the 1980's.

scholarly journals THE COMMUNITIES STRUCTURE OF INVERTEBRATE FAUNA FROM RAPE AND ALFALFA CROPS (SINGURENI, GIURGIU COUNTY, ROMANIA) / Structura comunităţilor faunei de nevertebrate din culturile de rapiţă şi lucernă (Singureni, judeţul Giurgiu).

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Cristina Fiera ◽  
Dorina Purice ◽  
Sanda Maican
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

ABSTRACT The present study has been conducted under a bilateral project between Romania and Republic of Moldova, focusing on knowledge of the invertebrates from rape (Brassica napus L.) and alfalfa crops (Medicago sativa L.) from Singureni (Giurgiu County, Southern Romania). The communities structure of invertebrates fauna in term of species composition and numerical abundance were analyzed. In total, 15 species of Collembola from seven families and 38 species of Coleoptera from 17 families were identified. Entomobrya handschini, Lepidocyrtus paradoxus, Isotoma anglicana were abundant in the alfalfa crop and Hemisotoma thermophyla, Protaphorura sakatoi, Orchesella flavescens (Collembola) were abundant in the rape culture. From Coleoptera Order, Dermestes murinus, Brachinus crepitans and Epicometis hirta were dominant in the rape crop. Coccinella septempunctata and Gonioctena fornicata were dominant in the alfalfa. Also, another 385 specimens from different taxonomic groups (Heteroptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera and Araneae) were collected using sweep nets. Some crop pests invertebrates were indicated and the beneficial predators were also revealed.

Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injury to Brassicaceae in field trials in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Andreassen ◽  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Larry Grenkow ◽  
Owen Olfert ◽  
Rebecca H. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Ethiopian Mustard ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Oriental Mustard

AbstractTo determine resistance of Brassicaceae field crops to Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midge complex (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer and Contarinia undescribed species), field trials of two different host assemblages were undertaken near Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2014 and repeated in 2015. In both years the first midge adults appeared in early July, when most plants were starting to flower, and a second generation occurred in mid-August, past the period of crop susceptibility. In a trial studying 18 lines of six brassicaceous species, the lowest probability of midge injury was found on Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz lines in both years. No differences were found in the probability of midge injury among any of the 13 Brassica Linnaeus species lines tested, including commercial glyphosate-resistant and glufosinate-resistant Brassica napus Linnaeus canola lines, Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun), brown or oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czernajew), or Polish canola (Brassica rapa Linnaeus) lines. Probability of midge injury on Sinapis alba Linnaeus yellow mustard lines reached levels between those on Camelina sativa lines and those on Brassica lines. A second trial examining 14 current commercial glyphosate-resistant Brassica napus canola cultivars found no differences in susceptibility to midge feeding among any cultivars tested. More plants were damaged in 2015 in both studies, and damage reached maximum levels earlier in 2015 than in 2014.

When is fall feeding by flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola (Brassica napus L.) a problem?

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Larry F. Grenkow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seed Yields

Soroka, J. J. and L. F. Grenkow. 2012. When is fall feeding by flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola ( Brassica napus L.) a problem? Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 97–107. Two cultivars of Brassica napus canola were seeded in mid-May and early June in three field experiments in each of 3 yr near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to determine the effects of late-season flea beetle feeding on seed yields. In the first experiment, canola was sprayed with insecticide late in the summer to eliminate naturally-infesting flea beetles. In the second, 1×1×1.5 m screen cages were placed over early- and late-seeded canola at flowering and infested with flea beetles as canola matured. In the third investigation, sleeve cages were placed over individual plants and infested with 100 flea beetles. Flea beetles had no detrimental effects on early-seeded canola in any experiment, but did affect seed yields of late-seeded plots in some trials. Over two cultivars in 1 year, late-seeded plants in cube cages infested with about 350 flea beetles per plant when lower pods were turning from translucent to green in colour reduced yield by 241 kg ha−1 over control yields. Seed weights in these late-seeded plots were decreased from 2.68 g per 1000 seeds in uninfested cages to 2.44 g per 1000 seeds in infested cages. Populations of 100 flea beetles per plant in sleeve cages had no effect on harvest parameters in any seeding date or year.

Common Chickweed Control in Established Alfalfa

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Annual

Herbicide treatments were applied to established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in 1969 and 1970 to determine winter annual weed control efficacy, crop tolerance, and influence on alfalfa yield and protein. Common chickweed (Stellaria media(L.) Cyrillo) was the predominant species in both years. Excellent weed control was achieved in 1969 with 2-sec-butylamino-4-ethylamino-6-methoxy-s-triazine (GS 14254) at 1.7 kg/ha, 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-propionitrile (cyanazine) at 4.5 kg/ha, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) at 1.7 kg/ha, and 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil) at 1.1 kg/ha. Several other treatments also significantly reduced weed yields. All herbicides significantly reduced weed yields in 1970. First harvest alfalfa yields in 1969 were not increased significantly despite the excellent weed control afforded by several treatments. Second harvest alfalfa yields did not differ significantly, however, weeds were not a problem in the regrowth. In 1970 four of the 19 treatments did yield significantly more than control plots. Alfalfa protein was not altered by any of the treatments either year.

Proteocephalus neglectus as a possible indicator of changes in the ecological balance of aquatic environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hanzelová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Copepod Species ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Cyclops Vicinus

ABSTRACTIn an environment seriously impaired by human interference (draining the reservoir), ecological relationships in a community of copepods and their impact on the transmission of the tapeworm Proteocephalus neglectus La Rue. 1911 were studied. The impairment of the environment resulted in changes in the species composition of the copepod community and in the increased diversity of the copepod species, as well as in a multiple inversion of the dominant and subdominant relationships of the two most numerous copepod species (Cyclops vicinus and Eudiaptomus zachariasi). The structure of the developmental stages of the copepod community, the seasonal dynamics of the number of copepods and the abundance of P. neglectus procercoids have changed. The predominant species in the copepod community and the most susceptible intermediate host of P. neglectus (C. vicinus) was not infected. The infection of copepods decreased by 95% and that of the definitive hosts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by 97·5% compared with the index values recorded in the previous year.

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