NOTES ON THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF MEDETERA ALDRICHII WHEELER (DIPTERA. DOLICHOPIDAE) AS A PREDATOR OF THE DOUGLAS FIR BARK-BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE HOPKINS (1)

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western White Pine

In 1935, De Leon published a comprehensive paper on Medetera aldrichii as a predator ol Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk., in western white pine and lodgepole pine in Washington. The following data may prove of value because a different species of bark-beetle is involved and additional information is given. The observations were made in 1941 and 1942 at the Trinity Valley Forest Insect Field Station, 22 miles from Vernon. This locality is 2,100 feet above sea level in a mixed timber stand of western larch, Douglas fir, western red cedar, Engelmann spruce, western hemlock, and western white pine. D. pseudotsugae breeds in Douglas fir, and occasionally in western larch.

Tree species selection revisited for plantations in the Interior Cedar Hemlock zone of southern British Columbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Vyse ◽  
Michelle R. Cleary ◽  
Ian R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Western White Pine

We provide results from two trials comparing performance of species of known provenance planted on logged sites in the southern Interior Cedar Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone of southern British Columbia 20 and 26 years after establishment. The commonly used plantation species, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), interior spruce (a naturally occurring hybrid between Picea glauca and P. engelmannii) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), survived as well as, but grew more slowly than, western larch (Larix occidentalis), western white pine (Pinus monticola) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and faster than western redcedar (Thuja plicata). Site index values were generally higher than published values for similar sites. Numerous pests affected all species in the trials. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) caused heavy mortality in lodgepole pine in part of one trial, and Armillaria root disease caused widespread damage to western larch and Douglas-fir in the other trial. Western white pine from local seed sources were severely damaged by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in both trials but a rust-resistant seed source used in one trial survived better. Frost damage reduced survival and growth of Douglas-fir in one trial and may have affected western white pine. Survival of two planted broadleaves (Betula papyrifera) and a hybrid of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and black poplar (Populus nigra) was severely reduced by drought. The results support ongoing efforts to broaden the number of species used in British Columbia reforestation programs.

Bedrock type significantly affects individual tree mortality for various conifers in the inland Northwest, U.S.A.

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Moore ◽  
David A Hamilton Jr. ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
John Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Inland Northwest

Individual tree mortality models for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) were developed using data from permanent research plots located throughout the inland Northwest. The proposed linear logistic models included the following independent variables: diameter at breast height, basal area in larger trees, basal area per hectare, individual tree diameter increment, and a set of dummy variables for the six bedrock types, which were granite, basalt, metasedimentary, sedimentary, mixed – glacial till, and deep deposit. The results show that rock type significantly affects individual tree mortality for western white pine, Douglas-fir, and western redcedar, while grand fir, western hemlock, and western larch were not affected. Western white pine and Douglas-fir growing on meta sedimentary rocks exhibited greater mortality probabilities than on other rocks. Mortality probabilities for western hemlock were low across all rock types, including "nutrient-poor" rocks like metasedimentary types.

3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and the Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): history of successful bark beetle pheromone treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Darrell W. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiaggregation Pheromone

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on the identification of 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH) as the antiaggregation pheromone of the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the development of successful management applications using the pheromone. Previously unpublished data from two studies on novel uses of MCH are included. The successful development of antiaggregation pheromone-based treatments for the Douglas-fir beetle is discussed in relation to efforts to develop similar treatments for other bark beetle species, and opportunities for future research on MCH and the Douglas-fir beetle are suggested.

Failure of ovarian development in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; an analysis of gut proteases and female-specific proteins

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Female Specific

The failure of ovarian development in Douglas-fir bark beetles denied of their natural gallery environment and maintained on host bark chips was investigated. Such insects possessed a high activity of proteolytic enzymes in their guts but relatively small amounts of female-specific proteins both in haemolymph and the oocytes. Topical application of farnesyl methyl ether did not increase the activity of gut proteases but resulted in increased amounts of female-specific proteins in haemolymph and ovaries. Thus it appears that the Douglas-fir bark beetles maintained on bark chips do not suffer from an inability to break down the ingested proteins, but synthesize and transfer less than normal amounts of female-specific proteins to the developing oocytes.

Yolk deposition in the Douglas-fir bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Hopk.): the significance of physiological state of oocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota ◽  
A. Ibaraki
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae

In vitro yolk deposition was studied in ovaries dissected out of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae at various times after attack on host logs, and incubated in medium containing a mixture of labeled haemolymph and ovarial proteins. These proteins were not deposited in the oocytes taken from beetles which had been on host logs for less than 48 h. Such proteins were deposited as yolk in the basal and penultimate oocytes from beetles which had been on host logs for more than 48 h; younger oocytes from the same ovaries did not exhibit yolk deposition. Presence of juvenile hormone in the incubating medium did not induce yolk deposition in oocytes not already engaged in vitellogenesis.

Tree growth at stand and individual scales in two dual-species mixture experiments in southern Washington State, USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Erickson ◽  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
David D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Competition For Light

Planting with mixtures of tree species rather than single species is often considered during reforestation because of the potential increased productivity and other benefits. We examined tree growth at the stand and individual tree scales in two experiments contrasting monocultures with a 1:1 mixture of tree species: (1) Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) with a conifer of similar shade tolerance (western white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don)) and (2) Douglas-fir with a more shade-tolerant conifer (western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.)). There was no effect of mixture on growth or yield in the Douglas-fir – western white pine combination. In the Douglas-fir – western hemlock combination, yields in the mixture equaled those in Douglas-fir stands because of the enhanced performance of Douglas-fir in the mixture. For Douglas-fir, the height/diameter (h/d) ratio was significantly less in mixture, suggesting reduced competition for light when grown with western hemlock. In contrast, the h/d ratio for western hemlock was significantly greater in mixture, suggesting increased competition for light when grown with Douglas-fir. Neighborhood analyses showed that tree growth was directly related to initial size and inversely related to relative neighbor size and that the h/d ratio was positively related to relative neighbor size. In general, the size of a neighboring tree influenced growth more than species identity. Relationships between h/d ratios and growth rates suggest that growth differences between Douglas-fir and western hemlock in mixture will eventually increase.

scholarly journals Multidecadal Growth of Western White Pine and Interior Douglas-Fir Following Site Preparation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Cherico ◽  
Andrew S. Nelson ◽  
Teresa B. Jain ◽  
Russell T. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Competition Control

Site preparation is used to favor seedling regeneration and establishment by enhancing growing conditions and increasing resource availability, yet few studies have compared different site preparation techniques on growth and yield of trees over multiple decades. We destructively sampled 34-year old trees of western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) and Interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco planted at two sites using a replicated experiment to test the effectiveness of different site preparation treatments: (1) no site preparation, (2) scalping, (3) bedding, and (4) bedding plus three years of competition control with herbicide. Growth and yield were compared among the treatments, and models of growth were developed for each species and treatment combination. The herbicide treatment was the only treatment that consistently improved growth and yield of both species resulting in 19%–30% gains in height, 43%–63% gains in diameter, and 31%–109% gains in stem volume by age 34. Height growth response to herbicide was sustained until age 14 for white pine and age 12 for Douglas-fir, while the diameter response was sustained until age 23 for white pine and 20 for Douglas-fir. The later peak in growth for white pine suggests a better response to treatment and that the species was able to maintain higher growth following crown closure. Both species exhibited a Type 2 growth response to herbicide, suggesting competition control resulted in sustained gains over time with associated age shifts of 8.5 and 9.7 years for white pine and 7.1 and 10.2 years for Douglas-fir, height and diameter, respectively. This compares to scalping and bedding which produced no detectable difference in growth compared to the control, and in some instances, reduced growth. In the Northern Rocky Mountains, moisture is most limiting. This is likely why trees showed the greatest response to competition control. Interestingly, this growth was sustained well beyond seedling establishment.

Impacts of soil compaction and tree stump removal on soil properties and outplanted seedlings in northern Idaho, USA

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽  
Alan E. Harvey ◽  
Martin F. Jurgensen ◽  
Michael P. Amaranthus
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Northern Idaho ◽  
Site Disturbance

Intensive timber harvesting and site preparation are becoming more common as demand for timber-based products increases. On some harvested sites in the western United Staes of America and Canada, stump removal is used to ameliorate root disease problems. Soil compaction and nutrient loss could become a problem on some sites after harvesting, site preparation, or stump removal. In a non-replicated, randomized block experiment, two levels of soil compaction (none and severe) and a stump extraction treatment were examined on an ash-cap soil in northern Idaho. These treatments were planted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Soil compaction increased post-harvest bulk density 15–20% to a depth of 30 cm. Stump removal decreased surface soil bulk density, but it increased at the 30- to 45-cm depth to levels equal to the soil compaction treatment. One year after outplanting, seedling top weights were similar among treatments, but root volume was significantly reduced in the soil compaction treatment. Soil compaction and stump removal treatments also reduced the numbers and morphological types of ectomycorrhizae and non-ectomycorrhizal short roots on Douglas-fir. Western white pine seedlings had reduced numbers of non-ectomycorrhizal short roots in the same treatments. Three years after outplanting, stump removal resulted in smaller root collar diameters and less total N content for both seedling species. Severe site disturbance, with associated soil compaction and mixing, may decrease productivity of ash-cap sites by reducing pore space and root and ectomycorrhizal activity. Managers must weigh short-term benefits of intensive site disturbance with possible long-term loss of soil productivity. Key words: Bulk density, compaction, ectomycorrhizae, stumping, site preparation, Douglas-fir, western white pine

Laboratory and Field Methods for Assaying Olfactory Responses of the Douglas-fir Beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Jantz ◽  
J. A. Rudinsky
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Olfactory Responses

AbstractLaboratory tests revealed that female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, boring in logs of both host and non-host species produce a volatile substance that both attracts and arrests adult beetles. Male arrestment provided a reliable method for laboratory bioassay of volatile substances. Field tests were devised to show the attack, the attraction produced, and the broad development in six tree species: Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco; western larch, Larix occidentalis Nutt.; ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws.; western hemlock, Tsuga heteropbylla (Raf.) Sarg.; western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl.; and grand fir, Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.

EXPLANATION OF POLE BLIGHT FROM RESPONSES OF SEEDLINGS GROWN IN MODIFIED ENVIRONMENTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Leaphart ◽  
Ed F. Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Characteristic Growth

Seedlings of Douglas fir, grand fir, western larch, western red cedar, and western white pine were grown in modified environments for four growing seasons to see whether characteristic growth responses of roots and shoots might suggest a cause for pole blight of white pine. Environments included three soil profiles (topsoil, hardpan, and rock) and two moisture regimes (adequate and deficient).Of several variable characteristics of growth, total root weight was the only significant source of variation in diameter and height growth of white pine. Of all five species, white pine also appeared least efficient in competing for moisture on all soil types and was least able to adapt to soils having inadequate available moisture and low potential for recharge. The lack of response to poor environment can result in imbalance of root/shoot ratios. If this imbalance of root/shoot ratios can subsequently cause internal physiological stresses during droughty periods, these stresses, in turn, may cause deterioration of the root system and consequent decline in tree vigor, both of which usually precede appearance of pole blight.

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