Identification, distribution, and molecular characterization of the apple aphids Aphis pomi and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Foottit ◽  
D.T. Lowery ◽  
H.E.L. Maw ◽  
M.J. Smirle ◽  
G. Lushai
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Spirea Aphid

AbstractMorphometric techniques, DNA mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) barcoding, and microsatellite flanking region sequences were used to assess the reliability of suggested morphological characters in distinguishing the green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) from the spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch), and to assess variation within these species. Both molecular approaches clearly distinguished two groups corresponding to the morphologically defined species. Differences in the length of the distal rostral segment and the number of lateral tubercles were found to be robust indicators of species membership, performing as well as multivariate approaches. Among A. pomi samples, microsatellite flanking region sequences were relatively uniform, whereas A. spiraecola exhibited much variability, which suggests that North American populations of the latter species are genetically much more complex.

INCIDENCE OF SPIREA APHID (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, AND MARYLAND

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Pfeiffer ◽  
M. W. Brown ◽  
M. W. Varn
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Aphis Spiraecola ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Spirea Aphid ◽  
First Time

Spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, greatly outnumbered [87% A. spiraecola (S.D. ± 3.4)] apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, in apple orchards sampled in spring of 1986 in Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland. Apple as a primary host of A. spiraecola was shown for the first time by the presence of oviparae in the fall and fundatrices in the spring. Based on this survey, we suggest future research with “apple aphids” include species determination and preservation of voucher specimens.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Lema bilineata (Germar), a New Alien Invasive Leaf Beetle for Europe, with Notes on the Related Species Lema daturaphila Kogan & Goeden

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Maurilia M. Monti ◽  
Michelina Ruocco ◽  
Elizabeth Grobbelaar ◽  
Paolo A. Pedata
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Lema Daturaphila ◽  
Coi Barcoding

Lema bilineata (Germar) is an alien invasive leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) first recorded in Europe in the summer of 2017 in the province of Naples (Campania, Italy). It occurs on both cultivated plants (Nicotiana tabacum) and weeds (Salpichroa origanifolia and Datura spp.). Information on morphological characters, color variation and molecular data are deficient for L. bilineata, as is the case for most Lema species. These data could be useful to discriminate between this species and the closely related Lema daturaphila Kogan & Goeden, which has the same potential to become an alien invasive species. In this paper, color variation in adults and the morphology of the aedeagi and spermathecae of the two species are documented and compared, including micrographic images. Additional data on the current distribution of L. bilineata in Campania is also provided. The cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcoding region of both Italian and South African specimens of L. bilineata, as well as South African specimens of L. daturaphila, was sequenced. A preliminary phylogenetic tree is provided, based on the sequences available for Lema species.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian-Hao Zhu ◽  
Warwick Stiller ◽  
Philippe Moncuquet ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Yuman Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

Molecular Approaches to the Characterization of Cell and Blood/Biomaterial Interactions

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. MENCONI ◽  
THOMAS OWEN ◽  
KURT A. DASSE ◽  
GARY STEIN ◽  
JANE B. LIAN
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Approaches

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of a suppressor element in the 5′-flanking region of the mouse androgen receptor gene

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3693-3698 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Vijay Kumar ◽  
Evan A. Jones ◽  
Michael E. Grossmann ◽  
Marceil D. Blexrud ◽  
Donald J. Tindall
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Entomophilic nematodes, Diploscapter coronatus and Oscheius tipulae from Afghanistan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-416
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HUSSAIN FALAHZADAH ◽  
EBRAHIM SHOKOOHI ◽  
GHOLAM HOSSEIN MORAVEJ ◽  
PHATU WILLIAM MASHELA ◽  
ABDUL KHALID MADADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Several soil samples from different habitats in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan were collected to isolate and characterize bacteria feeding nematodes. The Galleria mellonella-baiting method was used for the isolation of the Afghan insect-associated nematodes. The nematodes were studied using morphological and morphometric data. The Oscheius specimen was characterized by a longer body (630–820 µm) and shorter pharynx (125–145 µm), whereas other morphological characters were not unusual. The Diploscapter specimen had an annulated cuticle, with lip region width 1.5 times shorter than the stoma, and had separated pharyngeal corpus from the isthmus and vulva located in the middle of the body. The molecular data were derived using three loci; 18S, 28S (D2/D3 segment), and ITS rRNA region, which were utilized to measure the genetic distance. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted to reconstruct the relationship tree. Both morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of nematode isolates as Oscheius tipulae and Diploscapter coronatus. This is the first report of insect-associated nematodes from the soil of Afghanistan. Both species were capable of infecting and killing G. mellonella larvae in less than 96 h. 

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