Electric Controls Technology: The Role in Future Subsea Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Moe ◽  
Olav S. Monsson ◽  
Øyvind Rokne ◽  
Ajith Kumar ◽  
Christina Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Business Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Fields

Abstract This paper prepared for 2018 OTC Offshore Asia explores the current history of electrically driven functionality for subsea production systems. It is expected that co-existence of hybrid electrohydraulic and all-electric functionality will dominate the market for subsea tree and manifold control short term. Electric choke and manifold valve actuation offer many advantages as proved successfully during the last 16 years, e.g. related to modularity and flexibility, with zero discharge, with high operational speed and high positioning accuracy, along with CAPEX and OPEX benefits. Performance of systems such as Statoil's Asgard Subsea Gas Compressor is a game changer that will make all-electric valve control base case also for future subsea processing plants. Reliability & Availability concerns were the major concerns by many operators for not switching to all-electric technology. The excellent reliability of trickle charged batteries in subsea systems, combined with modern safety electronics eliminate the traditional actuator spring as failsafe mechanism power source. All of this has simplified the equipment, reduced the size, and enables continuous equipment status monitoring. Competitive all-electric systems are expected to be introduced in stages, starting with infill wells. This will eliminate the risk of new technology for the best business cases, being long distance gas fields, water injectors and deep water systems. Subsea all-electric solutions benefit from general technology developments in other industries. Full utilization is however slow in the subsea market, hampered by current rules and regulations, risk aspects and conservative mindsets. All-electric solutions need Champions and a continued successful staged development initiatives to realize their full potential for significantly reducing subsea field development capital and operational cost.

Lean Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
pp. 334-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
History Of

Lean has become a new mantra in today's manufacturing sector. In this millennium, companies are facing a challenge to be economically competitive in manufacturing. Many of them have realized that the old style of mass manufacturing is no longer successful. Hence, lean manufacturing is being embraced by the companies to simultaneously achieve a competitive edge and economic growth. Many studies have shown that lean organizations are capable of meeting customer's expectations consistently, at each step of the production systems. Lean manufacturing also implies efficient use of non-renewable resources in order to maintain a sustainable environment. To reach the full potential of an organization, lean must be embraced as a holistic business strategy. In this chapter, the history of lean innovation will be briefly discussed, followed by the principles of lean manufacturing and various tools in implementing lean practices. Examples of organizations that have experienced significant improvements once transformed to lean manufacturing will also be cited.

Lean Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Mousumi Roy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
History Of

Lean has become a new mantra in today's manufacturing sector. In this millennium, companies are facing a challenge to be economically competitive in manufacturing. Many of them have realized that the old style of mass manufacturing is no longer successful. Hence, lean manufacturing is being embraced by the companies to simultaneously achieve a competitive edge and economic growth. Many studies have shown that lean organizations are capable of meeting customer's expectations consistently, at each step of the production systems. Lean manufacturing also implies efficient use of non-renewable resources in order to maintain a sustainable environment. To reach the full potential of an organization, lean must be embraced as a holistic business strategy. In this chapter, the history of lean innovation will be briefly discussed, followed by the principles of lean manufacturing and various tools in implementing lean practices. Examples of organizations that have experienced significant improvements once transformed to lean manufacturing will also be cited.

Subsea Electrification: Is the Tide About To Turn?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Judy Feder
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Intelligent Wells

The concept of a standalone production system on the seabed with automated wellbore construction and production processes has been an industry goal for a long time. Electrification of subsea facilities and of wellbore and reservoir equipment offers many opportunities to improve operational efficiency, reduce life-of-field capital and operating expenses, and reduce carbon footprint, among other benefits. Talk of a subsea electrification revolution being “just around the corner” has been ongoing for more than 20 years. And, millions of dollars in investments and numerous joint industry projects (JIPs) over the past decade have moved the vision closer to fruition (Fig. 1). But the upstream industry continues to lag others in replacing hydraulics with electrics. The reasons echo those for slow uptake of other new technologies and methodologies—fear of change, the unknown, and failure. Now, recent events are stirring up interest and expectations. “Four to five years ago, only a very small percentage of the buying community were making big noises about the future state of the electrified subsea or subsurface,” said John Kerr, subsea production systems and technology director for Baker Hughes, in a recent interview. “During the past 18 months the narrative has increased rapidly with many more operators looking at electrification as the base case for subsea solutions. We’ve seen a groundswell of interest to the point that we now see 3-, 5-, and 7-year lookaheads with electric solutions as the base case design concept,” Kerr said. What has changed? “Electrification of subsea devices has always been a solution to solve specific technical needs,” said Kerr. “The predominant one was extreme long-distance stepouts, where once you get to 250 miles or so, the ability to pump hydraulic fluids through small umbilicals presented so much pressure loss that it became impractical to implement a hydraulic solution, so all-electric became the solution of choice. Now we are seeing much more understanding of what electrification can deliver in the commercial and operational sense. “During the last 2 years, there has also been rapid adoption of dialogue around the aspect of increased carbon credentials and carbon reduction as an advantage,” Kerr continued. “The interest is much more comprehensive, driving different behavior in concept selection for operators.” Has the pandemic played a role? The consensus of participants in a subsea electrification panel at the virtual 2020 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) was that unless you’re surrounded by a crisis, you’re not encouraged to change. “The moment you put someone in a crisis situation, they understand that they have to change,” said Rory Mackenzie, leader for subsea electrical technologies at Total. “2020—the pandemic, oil price collapse, and environmental issues—this created a crisis. People are now much more open to considering change.” The panelists included Alvaro Arrazola, completions engineer, Chevron, North America Upstream; Glenn-Roar Halvorsen, project manager subsea all-electric, Equinor; Christina Johansen, managing director, Norway, TechnipFMC; Samantha McClean, intelligent wells technical advisor, BP; Rory Mackenzie, head of subsea electrical technologies, Total R&D; and Thomas Scott, global product line director, intelligent production systems and reservoir information, Baker Hughes. Edward O’Malley, director of strategy and portfolio, oilfield services, Baker Hughes, moderated the session.

THE EXPLORATION AND APPRAISAL HISTORY OF THE KATNOOK AND LADBROKE GROVE GAS FIELDS, ONSHORE OTWAY BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Gas Accumulation ◽  
Seismic Acquisition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Fields

The discoveries of the Katnook Field and, later, the Ladbroke Grove Field were significant milestones for hydrocarbon exploration in the southeast of South Australia as well as for the Otway Basin in general. The initial 1987 discovery at Katnook-1 of a relatively shallow gas accumulation in the basal part of the Eumeralla Formation was eclipsed in late 1988 at the Katnook-2 appraisal stage where deeper and more significant gas reserves were discovered in the Pretty Hill Sandstone.Technological improvement, in seismic acquisition, in particular, use of longer offset configurations and higher fold, and in filtering and correction techniques at the processing stage, are discussed in relation to improved geologic understanding. These aspects ultimately led to drilling success in both exploration and appraisal.At the deep Katnook discovery stage several significant problem areas remained unresolved. These related to uncertainties in vertical distribution of gas pay, level of a gas-water contact, and unreliable reserve estimates the result of the inability of conventional log analysis techniques to distinguish gas-bearing from water-bearing sands. Both in the evaluation of Katnook-2 and at the Katnook-3 appraisal stage, expensive cased-hole testing programs were undertaken to determine the size, extent and producibility of the gas accumulation. A key development between drilling Katnook-2 and Katnook-3 was the discovery of carbon dioxide-rich gas at Ladbroke Grove during 1989 in an adjacent structure to the south.The Katnook Field was the first commercial gas field development in the southeast, South Australian part of the Otway Basin, with gas sales commencing in March 1991, within a year of completing field appraisal. The discoveries, and subsequent development, have led to a renewed focus on the Otway Basin as a prospective hydrocarbon province.

Making It Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

Religious Norms, Human Capital, and Money Lending in Jewish European History

2011 ◽  
pp. 56-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Botticini ◽  
Zvi Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
European History ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Common View ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Spain

Circa 1000, the main occupations of the large Jewish community in Muslim Spain and of the small Jewish communities in southern Italy, France, and Germany were local trade and long-distance commerce, as well as handicrafts. A common view states that the usury ban on Christians segregated European Jews into money lending. A similar view contends that the Jews were forced to become money lenders because they were not permitted to own land, and therefore, they were banned from farming. This article offers an alternative argument which is consistent with the main features that mark the history of the Jews: the Jews in medieval Europe voluntarily selected themselves into money lending because they had the key assets for being successful players in credit markets. After providing an overview of Jewish history during 70–1492, it discusses religious norms and human capital in Jewish European history, Jews in the Talmud era, the massive transition of the Jews from farming to crafts and trade, the golden age of the Jewish diaspora (ca. 800–ca. 1250), and the legacy of Judaism.

scholarly journals Treatment of fish processing industry wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitational reactor with biodegradability improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2310-2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Dhanke ◽  
Sameer Wagh ◽  
Abhijeet Patil
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Processing Plants

Abstract Water generated from the fish processing industry is contaminated with organic matter. This organic matter present in wastewater increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). A new technology, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is used to deal with this wastewater produced in fish processing plants. The orifice plate is used in the HC reactor to generate a cavitation effect. The intensification of this technique was carried out with the help of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TiO2. The treatment of this wastewater is reported in terms of percent degradation in BOD and COD and in biodegradability index (BI). Operating parameters like inlet pressure, pH, operating temperature and H2O2 doses were used to find the optimum condition. 15 g/L of H2O2 gave 69.5% reduction of COD in the 120 min of treatment that also increases BI value to 0.93 at inlet pressure 8 bar, Plate-5, temperature (30 °C), and pH 4. In the ultrasonic cavitation (UC) reactor, COD reduction is 68.7% without TiO2 and with TiO2 it is 71.2%. Also, this HC and UC reactor reduced CFU count to a great extent at the same operating conditions.

The Editor’s Note: On ed tech, let’s meet in the middle

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Rafael Heller
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
History Of

It’s easy to get swept up in the excitement of new technology that appears to have potential to transform everything, including education. But, as Rafael Heller explains, educators have a long history of being seduced by technologies that never really lived up to their promise. That’s no reason to ignore technology’s potential, but plenty of reason to be realistic about what it can achieve.

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