Pollen-Induced Oxidative Stress Influences Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses via Altering Dendritic Cell Functions

Earlier investigations have revealed a surprising complexity and variety in the range of interaction between cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Our understanding of the specialized roles of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in innate and adaptive immune responses has been significantly advanced over the years. Because of their immunoregulatory capacities and because very small numbers of activated DC are highly efficient at generating immune responses against antigens, DCs have been vigorously used in clinical trials in order to elicit or amplify immune responses against cancer and chronic infectious diseases. A better insight in DC immunobiology and function has stimulated many new ideas regarding the potential ways forward to improve DC therapy in a more fundamental way. Here, we discuss the continuous search for optimal in vitro conditions in order to generate clinical-grade DC with a potent immunogenic potential. For this, we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adequate immune responses and focus on most favourable DC culture regimens and activation stimuli in humans. We envisage that by combining each of the features outlined in the current paper into a unified strategy, DC-based vaccines may advance to a higher level of effectiveness.

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Intestinal CD103+, but not CX3CR1+, antigen sampling cells migrate in lymph and serve classical dendritic cell functions

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20091925 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 206 (13) ◽

pp. 3101-3114 ◽

Cited By ~ 475

Author(s):

Olga Schulz ◽

Elin Jaensson ◽

Emma K. Persson ◽

Xiaosun Liu ◽

Tim Worbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Turnover Rates ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Inflammatory Conditions

Chemokine receptor CX3CR1+ dendritic cells (DCs) have been suggested to sample intestinal antigens by extending transepithelial dendrites into the gut lumen. Other studies identified CD103+ DCs in the mucosa, which, through their ability to synthesize retinoic acid (RA), appear to be capable of generating typical signatures of intestinal adaptive immune responses. We report that CD103 and CX3CR1 phenotypically and functionally characterize distinct subsets of lamina propria cells. In contrast to CD103+ DC, CX3CR1+ cells represent a nonmigratory gut-resident population with slow turnover rates and poor responses to FLT-3L and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Direct visualization of cells in lymph vessels and flow cytometry of mouse intestinal lymph revealed that CD103+ DCs, but not CX3CR1-expressing cells, migrate into the gut draining mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, CX3CR1+ cells displayed poor T cell stimulatory capacity in vitro and in vivo after direct injection of cells into intestinal lymphatics and appeared to be less efficient at generating RA compared with CD103+ DC. These findings indicate that selectively CD103+ DCs serve classical DC functions and initiate adaptive immune responses in local LNs, whereas CX3CR1+ populations might modulate immune responses directly in the mucosa and serve as first line barrier against invading enteropathogens.

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Dendritic Cell-Like Cells Accumulate in Regenerating Murine Skeletal Muscle after Injury and Boost Adaptive Immune Responses Only upon a Microbial Challenge

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0155870 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e0155870 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Florian Wirsdörfer ◽

Jörg M. Bangen ◽

Eva Pastille ◽

Daniel Schmitz ◽

Sascha Flohé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Murine Skeletal Muscle ◽

Microbial Challenge

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Effects of Regulatory T Cell–Dendritic Cell Interactions on Adaptive Immune Responses

Cancer Immunotherapy Meets Oncology ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-05104-8_3 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Tobias Bopp ◽

Hans Christian Probst ◽

Markus Radsak ◽

Edgar Schmitt ◽

Michael Stassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Regulatory T Cell ◽

Cell Interactions ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune

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Regulation of Murine Dendritic Cell Immune Responses by Helicobacter felis Antigen

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00289-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 4624-4633 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Maureen L. Drakes ◽

Steven J. Czinn ◽

Thomas G. Blanchard

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Helicobacter Felis ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Pulsed Dc ◽

Antigen Presenting

ABSTRACT Helicobacter infections are present in approximately 50% of humans, causing severe illnesses such as gastritis and malignancies. Dendritic cells (DC) are critical antigen-presenting cells which link innate and adaptive immune responses. The mechanism of dendritic cell regulation in Helicobacter-induced gastritis is poorly understood. These studies characterized DC isolated from the lamina propria of Helicobacter-infected mice and analyzed innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by Helicobacter antigen (Ag)-pulsed DC. The presence of DC was elevated in the gastric lamina propria infiltrate of infected mice in comparison with controls. After treatment with Helicobacter felis Ag, DC were polarized to secrete interleukin-6 as the dominant cytokine. In the presence of DC and Helicobacter Ag, responder allogeneic T cells in culture exhibited limited cell division. We suggest that the response of DC and T cells to Helicobacter Ag is critical to the chronic persistence of Helicobacter-induced gastritis.

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Immunválasz és oxidatív stressz hepatitis C-vírus-infekcióban

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2015.30281 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (47) ◽

pp. 1898-1903

Author(s):

Alajos Pár ◽

Gabriella Pár

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

And Oxidative Stress

This review summarizes our current knowledge on the innate and adaptive immune responses induced by hepatitis C virus, and on the genetic polymorphisms that may determine the outcome of the disease. In addition, the authors discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in hepatitis C virus-related pathogenic processess, such as hepatitis, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, steatosis and insulin resistance. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(47), 1898–1903.

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The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular pathology

Bukovinian Medical Herald ◽

10.24061/2413-0737.xvii.1.65.2013.38 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (1 (65)) ◽

pp. 156-162

Author(s):

T. V. Talayeva ◽

V. V. Shishkin ◽

L. L. Vavilova

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Cardiovascular Pathology ◽

Immune Systems ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the problem of the significance and mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress participation in the development of cardiovascular pathology, first of all – in heart and vascular wall damaging and remodeling and in the development of arterial hypertension. An interrelation is traced between the reninangiotensin, sympathoadrenal and immune systems in the development of oxidative stress as a component of innate and adaptive immune responses.

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