scholarly journals Intestinal CD103+, but not CX3CR1+, antigen sampling cells migrate in lymph and serve classical dendritic cell functions

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (13) ◽  
pp. 3101-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Schulz ◽  
Elin Jaensson ◽  
Emma K. Persson ◽  
Xiaosun Liu ◽  
Tim Worbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

Chemokine receptor CX3CR1+ dendritic cells (DCs) have been suggested to sample intestinal antigens by extending transepithelial dendrites into the gut lumen. Other studies identified CD103+ DCs in the mucosa, which, through their ability to synthesize retinoic acid (RA), appear to be capable of generating typical signatures of intestinal adaptive immune responses. We report that CD103 and CX3CR1 phenotypically and functionally characterize distinct subsets of lamina propria cells. In contrast to CD103+ DC, CX3CR1+ cells represent a nonmigratory gut-resident population with slow turnover rates and poor responses to FLT-3L and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Direct visualization of cells in lymph vessels and flow cytometry of mouse intestinal lymph revealed that CD103+ DCs, but not CX3CR1-expressing cells, migrate into the gut draining mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, CX3CR1+ cells displayed poor T cell stimulatory capacity in vitro and in vivo after direct injection of cells into intestinal lymphatics and appeared to be less efficient at generating RA compared with CD103+ DC. These findings indicate that selectively CD103+ DCs serve classical DC functions and initiate adaptive immune responses in local LNs, whereas CX3CR1+ populations might modulate immune responses directly in the mucosa and serve as first line barrier against invading enteropathogens.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells under Hypoxia: How Oxygen Shortage Affects the Linkage between Innate and Adaptive Immunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Winning ◽  
Joachim Fandrey
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Mature Dendritic Cell ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Oxygen Shortage

Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as one of the main regulators of immune responses. They collect antigens, process them, and present typical antigenic structures to lymphocytes, thereby inducing an adaptive immune response. All these processes take place under conditions of oxygen shortage (hypoxia) which is often not considered in experimental settings. This review highlights how deeply hypoxia modulates human as well as mouse immature and mature dendritic cell functions. It tries to linkin vitroresults to actualin vivostudies and outlines how hypoxia-mediated shaping of dendritic cells affects the activation of (innate) immunity.

scholarly journals Undaria pinnatifida Fucoidan-Rich Extract Induces Both Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987372
Author(s):  
Hwan H. Lee ◽  
Yoo J. Cho ◽  
Daeung Yu ◽  
Donghwa Chung ◽  
Gun-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Fucoidans are widely used as an ingredient of dietary supplements. We investigated the immune stimulatory activities of Undaria pinnatifida ( Alariaceae) fucoidan-rich extract (UPF-RE) in vitro as well as in vivo . In vitro, the extract stimulated Raw 264.7 cells to produce significant nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6). It also induced the proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes and the secretion of IL-4, which correlated with the phosphorylation of Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein. In in vivo experiments, first, 50 mg/kg of 3 different types of UPF-RE, DSU02, DSU02L (low molecular weight, <3 kDa), and DSU02H (high molecular weight, >10 kDa), were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice. After 14 days, the frequencies of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and NK cells from each group were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined. The frequencies of CD3+ and CD4+ showed a statistically significant increase in splenocytes isolated from the DSU02 and DSU02H groups. Also, there was significant production of TNF-α and IFN-γ from the DSU02 group. Second, 3 different concentrations of DSU02 (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) were orally administered. After 14 days, the proliferative capacity of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was investigated, and the plasma concentrations of IgM and total IgG were determined. Plasma concentration of IgM from the DSU02 150 mg/kg group was statistically significantly higher compared with that from the other groups. We suggest that UPF-RE could be a good candidate for a natural immune stimulator to induce innate as well as adaptive immune responses.

scholarly journals Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Suppresses Adaptive Immune Responses In Vivo and at Picomolar Levels In Vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benito Anton ◽  
Phillipe Leff ◽  
Joseph J. Meissler ◽  
Juan C. Calva ◽  
Rodolfo Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Orphanin Fq ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Attenuation of antigen-specific T helper 1 immunity by Neolitsea hiiranensis and its derived terpenoids

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Hua Cheng ◽  
Ih-Sheng Chen ◽  
Ying-Chi Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Tung ◽  
Hsun-Shuo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Background T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immunity that participates in a wide range of immune responses through a complicated cytokine network. Imbalance of T-cell responses is involved in several immune disorders. Neolitsea species, one of the biggest genera in the family Lauraceae, have been employed widely as folk medicines for a long time in Asia. Previous phytochemical investigations revealed the abundance of terpenes in the leaves of N. hiiranensis, an endemic Neolitsea in Taiwan, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of N. hiiranensis on the functionality of immune cells, especially T cells, is still unclear. In this study, we utilize in vitro and in vivo approaches to characterize the effects of leaves of N. hiiranensis and its terpenoids on adaptive immune responses. Methods Dried leaves of N. hiiranensis were extracted three times with cold methanol to prepare crude extracts and to isolate its secondary metabolites. The ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were administrated with N. hiiranensis extracts (5–20 mg/kg). The serum and splenocytes of treated mice were collected to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of N. hiiranensis on the production of OVA-specific antibodies and cytokines. To further identify the N. hiiranensis-derived compounds with immunomodulatory potentials, OVA-primed splenocytes were treated with compounds isolated from N. hiiranensis by determining the cell viability, cytokine productions, and mRNA expression in the presence of OVA in vitro. Results Crude extracts of leaves of N. hiiranensis significantly inhibited IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-2 cytokine productions as well as the serum levels of antigen-specific IgM and IgG2a in vivo. Two of fourteen selected terpenoids and one diterpenoid derived from the leaves of N. hiiranensis suppressed IFN-γ in vitro. In addition, β-caryophyllene oxide attenuated the expression of IFN-γ, T-bet, and IL-12Rβ2 in a dose-dependent manner. N. hiiranensis-derived β-caryophyllene oxide inhibited several aspects of adaptive immune responses, including T-cell differentiation, IFN-γ production, and Th1-assocaited genes. Conclusion As IFN-γ is the key cytokine secreted by T helper-1 cells and plays a pivotal role in Th1 immune responses, our results suggested that the N. hiiranensis and its terpenoids may possess potential therapeutic effects on Th1-mediated immune disorders.

scholarly journals Reprogramming immune responses via microRNA modulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz ◽  
Melanie R Rutkowski ◽  
Julia Tchou ◽  
Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Individual Mirnas ◽  
Selective Modulation

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that there are unique sets of miRNAs that have distinct governing roles in several aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, new tools allow selective modulation of the expression of individual miRNAs, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how miRNAs drive the activity of immune cells, and how their modulation in vivo opens new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in multiple diseases, from immunodeficiency to cancer. Recent contributions from our laboratory and other groups to novel formulations for miRNA mimetics are further discussed

scholarly journals Neutrophil subtypes shape HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses after vaccinia virus infection

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Di Pilato ◽  
Miguel Palomino-Segura ◽  
Ernesto Mejías-Pérez ◽  
Carmen E. Gómez ◽  
Andrea Rubio-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

AbstractNeutrophils are innate immune cells involved in the elimination of pathogens and can also induce adaptive immune responses. Nα and Nβ neutrophils have been described with distinct in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses. However, how these cell types exert their role in vivo and how manipulation of Nβ/Nα ratio influences vaccine-mediated immune responses are not known. In this study, we find that these neutrophil subtypes show distinct migratory and motility patterns and different ability to interact with CD8 T cells in the spleen following vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Moreover, after analysis of adhesion, inflammatory, and migration markers, we observe that Nβ neutrophils overexpress the α4β1 integrin compared to Nα. Finally, by inhibiting α4β1 integrin, we increase the Nβ/Nα ratio and enhance CD8 T-cell responses to HIV VACV-delivered antigens. These findings provide significant advancements in the comprehension of neutrophil-based control of adaptive immune system and their relevance in vaccine design.

Healthy Effects Exerted by Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics with Special Reference to their Impact on the Immune System

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Jirillo ◽  
Felicita Jirillo ◽  
Thea Magrone
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Pre-, pro-, and symbiotics are endowed with a broad spectrum of beneficial effects when administered to animals and humans. A series of experimental and clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that prebiotics, probiotics, or their combination are very effective in attenuating chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or obesity. In addition, these natural products are able to prevent or arrest tumor development, acting on the intestinal microbiota as well as potentiating the immune response.Aging is characterized by a dramatic reduction of both innate and adaptive immune responses, the so-called immunosenescence. This leads to an increased incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer in the elderly. Pre-, pro-, and symbiotic administration has been shown to ameliorate the immune response in aging. In particular, administration of a symbiotic to free-living elderly was able to potentiate the release of interleukin-8, thus increasing neutrophils in the host, perhaps explaining the reduced frequency of winter infections in the elderly.

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