scholarly journals Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in an Adult, a Potential Mimic of Gastric Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Zarineh ◽  
Marino E. Leon ◽  
Reda S. Saad ◽  
Jan F. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Extrinsic Compression

Primary or idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle (IHPM) is a rare entity with uncertain pathogenesis which both clinically and pathologically mimics gastric cancer. We present a rare late-occurring case of IHPM in a 71-year-old Caucasian man with no apparent predisposing factor. Imaging studies demonstrated gastric distension with air fluid levels and no evidence of extrinsic compression. At upper endoscopy, massive gastric distension and no evidence of any ulcer or other mucosal defects were observed. Microscopically, marked hypertrophy of muscularis mucosa with smooth muscle cells arranged in whorls and fascicles was present which gradually transitioned to normal areas. The muscle fibers stained with smooth muscle actin and trichrome stain highlighted fibrosis between the muscle fibers. Although uncommon, IHPM can clinically and histologically mimic other proliferations in the gastric wall, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor or a spindle cell neoplasm. The recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of IHPM are discussed.

scholarly journals Solitary Dermal Leiomyosarcomas in 12 Ferrets

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mikaelian ◽  
Michael M. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
High Power ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Adrenal Disease

Twelve 3–6-year-old ferrets (8 males, 3 females, 1 unknown) were presented with single cutaneous nodules. These dermal tumors were characterized histologically by nodular proliferation of neoplastic smooth muscle fibers with marked anisokaryosis and a mitotic rate of >2 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. Neoplastic cells stained strongly for vimentin in all tumors and for smooth muscle actin and desmin in all but 1 tumor. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings suggested a diagnosis of piloleiomyosarcoma for these tumors. Excision was curative in all animals available for follow-up. However, 3 of 5 animals developed adrenal disease within 7 months after removal of the dermal leiomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals Gastric Smooth Muscle Hamartomas Mimicking Polyps in a Dog: A Case Description and a Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian A. Taulescu ◽  
Irina Amorim ◽  
Fatima Gärtner ◽  
Laura Fãrcaş ◽  
Mircea V. Mircean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Chronic Vomiting

This report presents a case of two smooth muscle hamartomas of the stomach in a 10-year-old male Boxer. The clinical history of the animal was of chronic vomiting, weight loss, and intermittent gastric distension, and it died because of chronic and congestive heart failure. Gross, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) exams were performed. On necropsy, in the pyloric region of the stomach, two closely related polypoid growths between 10 and 15 mm in diameter were identified. On the cut sections, both polyps presented white to gray color, with homogenous architecture and well-defined limits. The thickness of the submucosal layer was seen to be increased to 1 cm. No other gastric alterations were identified by the necropsy exam. Histologically, both masses growth consisted of hyperplastic glands lined by foveolar epithelium, arranged in a papillary or branching pattern, and supported by a core of well-vascularised and marked smooth muscle tissue interspersed between glands. No dysplastic cells and mitotic figures were observed in these lesions. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong cytoplasm labelling for smooth muscle actin of the bundles around the mucosal glands. To our knowledge, this is the first report of smooth muscle hamartomas mimicking multiple gastric polyps in dogs.

Gastric Adenomyoma: Salient Imitator

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S67-S67
Author(s):  
A J Kobalka ◽  
S Singh
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Gastric Type

Abstract Introduction/Objective Gastric adenomyoma is a lesion characterized by proliferation of epithelium and smooth muscle in the stomach or small bowel. By ultrasound, gastric adenomyoma usually appears as a submucosal nodule with a cystic center. They can mimic many benign and malignant conditions and are an important differential diagnosis to consider in fine needle aspiration of submucosal upper gastrointestinal lesions. Methods/Case Report We present a 30-year-old male who presented with abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and heartburn. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy demonstrated a 10 mm well-circumscribed hypoechoic mass in the antral submucosa along the greater curvature of the stomach. Two years later, the lesion was 18.6 mm in greatest dimension and fine needle aspiration was performed. Cell block showed foci of benign gastric glands and bland smooth muscle tissue, positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin, and negative for CD34 and c-kit (CD117). Gastrointestinal stromal tumor was the main differential diagnosis and adenomyosis was not considered, thus, the biopsy was thought to represent normal gastric wall, and the glands were dismissed as contaminant from the aspiration. A subsequent ultrasound two years later again demonstrated the lesion, now 21.5 mm in greatest dimension, and definitive resection was performed. Histologic examination showed a segment of stomach with gastric antral-type mucosa and an underlying mass forming lesion consisting of scattered gastric type glands admixed with smooth muscle bundles, consistent with gastric adenomyoma. The glands were completely surrounded by smooth muscle and lamina propria. Our patient has been asyptomatic one year since resection of the gastric adenomyoma. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Gastric adenomyoma is an important differential of intramural spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract alongside many benign and malignant conditions. Consideration of gastric adenomyoma at the time of the original biopsy would have spared the patient uncertainty regarding their prognosis and allowed for definitive resection two years earlier.

Best Practices in Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Turner ◽  
Jeffrey D. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
English Literature ◽  
S100 Protein ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors

Abstract Context.—The proper classification of spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract frequently requires the use of immunohistochemistry, as the histologic appearance of these lesions often overlaps. Objective.—To review the antibodies used in the diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, and to outline an approach to the evaluation of these lesions by using immunohistochemistry. Data Sources.—The authors' experience and a review of the English literature from 1976 to 2008. Conclusions.—The most common spindle cell neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract is gastrointestinal stromal tumor; this lesion is readily diagnosed with c-kit immunohistochemistry in most cases. Other stains, such as smooth muscle actin, desmin, S100 protein, and β-catenin, are also useful in the diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors, schwannomas, desmoid-type fibromatoses, and metastatic melanoma.

scholarly journals Procyanidin B2 Reduces Vascular Calcification through Inactivation of ERK1/2-RUNX2 Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Yingquan Liang ◽  
Guilan Chen ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Yang ◽  
Yuanli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Runx2 Expression ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Related Transcription Factor

Vascular calcification is strongly associated with atherosclerotic plaque burden and plaque instability. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) increases runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression to promote vascular calcification. Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a potent antioxidant, can inhibit ERK1/2 activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). However, the effects and involved mechanisms of PB2 on atherosclerotic calcification remain unknown. In current study, we fed apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) mice a high-fat diet (HFD) while treating the animals with PB2 for 18 weeks. At the end of the study, we collected blood and aorta samples to determine atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. We found PB2 treatment decreased lesions in en face aorta, thoracic, and abdominal aortas by 21.4, 24.6, and 33.5%, respectively, and reduced sinus lesions in the aortic root by 17.1%. PB2 also increased α-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen content in lesion areas. In the aortic root, PB2 reduced atherosclerotic calcification areas by 75.8%. In vitro, PB2 inhibited inorganic phosphate-induced osteogenesis in HASMCs and aortic rings. Mechanistically, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and RUNX2 were markedly downregulated by PB2 treatment. Additionally, PB2 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the aortic root plaques of apoE−/− mice and calcified HASMCs. Reciprocally, the activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by C2-MEK1-mut or epidermal growth factor can partially restore the PB2-inhibited RUNX2 expression or HASMC calcification. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that PB2 inhibits vascular calcification through the inactivation of the ERK1/2-RUNX2 pathway. Our study also suggests that PB2 can be a potential option for vascular calcification treatment.

scholarly journals Large intraperitoneal lipoleiomyoma in a pre-menopausal woman: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Schaefer ◽  
Amy L. Strong ◽  
Sheena Bahroloomi ◽  
Jichang Han ◽  
Michella K. Whisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Lipoleiomyoma is a rare, benign variant of the commonplace uterine leiomyoma. Unlike leiomyoma, these tumors are composed of smooth muscle cells admixed with mature adipose tissue. While rare, they are most frequently identified in the uterus, but even more infrequently have been described in extrauterine locations. Case presentation We describe a case report of a 45-year-old woman with a history of in vitro fertilization pregnancy presenting 6 years later with abdominal distention and weight loss found to have a 30-cm intra-abdominal lipoleiomyoma. While cross-sectional imaging can narrow the differential diagnosis, histopathological analysis with stains positive for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and estrogen receptor, but negative for HMB-45 confirms the diagnosis of lipoleiomyoma. The large encapsulated tumor was resected en bloc. The patients post-operative course was uneventful and her symptoms resolved. Conclusions Lipoleiomyoma should be considered on the differential diagnosis in a woman with a large intra-abdominal mass. While considered benign, resection should be considered if the mass is symptomatic, and the diagnosis is unclear or there is a concern for malignancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document