scholarly journals Gastric Smooth Muscle Hamartomas Mimicking Polyps in a Dog: A Case Description and a Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian A. Taulescu ◽  
Irina Amorim ◽  
Fatima Gärtner ◽  
Laura Fãrcaş ◽  
Mircea V. Mircean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Chronic Vomiting

This report presents a case of two smooth muscle hamartomas of the stomach in a 10-year-old male Boxer. The clinical history of the animal was of chronic vomiting, weight loss, and intermittent gastric distension, and it died because of chronic and congestive heart failure. Gross, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) exams were performed. On necropsy, in the pyloric region of the stomach, two closely related polypoid growths between 10 and 15 mm in diameter were identified. On the cut sections, both polyps presented white to gray color, with homogenous architecture and well-defined limits. The thickness of the submucosal layer was seen to be increased to 1 cm. No other gastric alterations were identified by the necropsy exam. Histologically, both masses growth consisted of hyperplastic glands lined by foveolar epithelium, arranged in a papillary or branching pattern, and supported by a core of well-vascularised and marked smooth muscle tissue interspersed between glands. No dysplastic cells and mitotic figures were observed in these lesions. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong cytoplasm labelling for smooth muscle actin of the bundles around the mucosal glands. To our knowledge, this is the first report of smooth muscle hamartomas mimicking multiple gastric polyps in dogs.

scholarly journals Necrotizing Palisading Granuloma of the Bladder in an Otherwise Healthy Young Man

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Raspollini ◽  
Alessandro Franchi ◽  
Augusto delle Rose ◽  
Bonnie Balzer ◽  
Jeffrey Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neoplastic Disorders ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Reactive Processes

We describe a case of a vesical mass in a young patient, histologically characterized by an intramural lesion composed of spindle and epithelioid histiocytes arranged in a palisaded pattern, with central necrosis similar to a rheumatoid nodule. There was no clinical history of autoimmunity or previous bladder procedures, infections, or trauma. However, the smooth muscle actin and desmin positivities seen in residual ghost cells within necrotic areas argued against a granulomatous process. Reactive processes, such as myofibroblastic proliferations, can overlap neoplastic disorders, including true smooth muscle tumors. We did not observe atypia in the viable cells and mitotic figures. These features did not support a diagnosis of malignancy. The fascicular pattern, spindle cell morphology, lack of marked cytologic atypia, and smooth muscle actin and desmin reactivities, with a lack of other lineage marker expression, all supported a diagnosis of an infarcted leiomyoma. The intramural location in the bladder also favored the diagnosis.

Radiographically Occult, Diffuse Intrasinusoidal Hepatic Metastases From Primary Breast Carcinomas: A Clinicopathologic Study of 3 Autopsy Cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Allison ◽  
Corinne L. Fligner ◽  
W. Tony Parks
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Carcinoma ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Breast ◽  
History Of ◽  
E Cadherin

Abstract Context.—Liver metastases usually present as radiographically detectable mass lesions that do not significantly compromise liver function. Rarely, metastatic carcinoma can diffusely infiltrate hepatic sinusoids, a pattern of metastasis that may be missed on imaging studies, and can result in liver failure. Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic features of 3 cases of diffuse intrasinusoidal hepatic metastases from primary breast carcinomas identified at autopsy. Design.—Clinical histories and radiographic, macroscopic, and microscopic appearances of the livers were compared. Sampled liver tissue was stained with antibodies to E-cadherin, smooth muscle actin, and CD44. Results.—Two of 3 cases had a history of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast and presented with new-onset liver failure, but no hepatic metastases were identified on radiologic imaging. An additional case had no history of carcinoma, presented with a severe thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura–like syndrome, and metastatic carcinoma of the breast was diagnosed only at autopsy. The livers in all 3 cases at autopsy were homogeneous, firm, and tan-yellow, and contained no large metastatic lesions. Microscopically, poorly differentiated carcinoma diffusely infiltrated hepatic sinusoids. Antibodies to smooth muscle actin stained activated hepatic stellate cells lining involved sinusoids. Cell surface adhesion molecules, E-cadherin or CD44, were not detected in any hepatic metastases. Conclusion.—Diffuse intrasinusoidal hepatic metastases of breast carcinoma can occupy a large percentage of the hepatic volume, yet remain occult both radiographically and macroscopically. This type of metastatic spread can present as cryptogenic liver failure. The 3 cases we studied were associated with an absence of E-cadherin and CD44 expression.

Vulvar leiomyosarcoma in a cat

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Firat ◽  
Damla Haktanir-Yatkin ◽  
Besim H Sontas ◽  
Hayri Ekici
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Collagenous Matrix ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cut Surface

A vulvar leiomyosarcoma was diagnosed in an 8-year-old mixed-breed, sexually intact cat. The cat had a history of vulvar swelling, bleeding and stranguria. The mass was located at the ventral commissura of the vulva. The cut surface of the mass was lobulated and greyish-white, with areas of necrosis and haemorrhage. Histologically, it was a spindle-cell sarcoma consisting of interlacing bundles of very elongated neoplastic smooth muscle cells and variably dense collagenous matrix separated by individual cells or streams. It also contained areas of focal necrosis and haemorrhage. The mitotic index ranged from seven to 12 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemically, the spindle-shaped neoplastic cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin, whereas no immunoreactivity was obtained for desmin. The vascular elements of the internal control tissue also exhibited strong SMA and vimentin immunoreactivity. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical features, the tumour was classified as a leiomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals Case Report: Multiple Cavernous Pericardial Lymphangioma (Pericardial Lymphangiomatosis) in a Captive Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus brookei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Espinosa ◽  
M. Carmen Ferreras ◽  
David García ◽  
Raquel Vallejo ◽  
Valentín Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Peregrine Falcon ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vascular Neoplasm ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Endothelial Cell Layer

A 12-year-old female peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus brookei) from a private raptor breeding facility that presented a good body condition, died suddenly without showing previous symptoms. At necropsy, in the coelomic cavity, multiple cystic structures demarcated by a thin transparent wall and filled with a serous content were observed. They were firmly adhered to the cranial part of the epicardium and adjacent tissues and occupied the entire thoracic area of the coelomic cavity. Microscopically, emerging simultaneously from several areas the epicardium, multiple irregular channels and cystic spaces, lined by a single endothelial cell layer and separated by fibrovascular septa containing smooth muscle tissue, were observed. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the neoplastic endothelial cells positively immunolabelled for the pan-endothelial marker factor VIII-related antigen but immunostained negative for cytokeratins (PCK26) while strong positivity for sarcomeric α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected in the cystic walls. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, lesions were determined as consistent with a multiple cavernous pericardial lymphangioma, or pericardial lymphangiomatosis, a rare vascular neoplasm. The animal also showed a diffuse chronic perihepatitis, a necrotic area in the liver and foci of cartilaginous metaplasia and calcification in the aorta and vena cava. Literature review, particularly on the epidemiology of lymphangioma, demonstrated the rarity of this tumor in the different animal species and in this location, particularly in birds, being the first report of this type of tumor in a peregrine falcon.

Osteopontin expression in spontaneously developed neointima in fowl (Gallus gallus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
R.J. Kuykindoll ◽  
H. Nishimura ◽  
D.B. Thomason ◽  
S.K. Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle

Fowl show spontaneous elevation of blood pressure and neointimal plaque formation in the abdominal aorta at young ages. A similar neointima can be induced by a balloon-catheter-induced endothelium injury to the fowl aorta. Both spontaneously developed and injury-induced vascular lesions exhibit subendothelial hyperplasia consisting of neointimal cells with a synthetic phenotype and abundant extracellular matrix. The role of the extracellular matrix in the formation of neointima is not known. In this study, we investigated whether osteopontin, an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix, is expressed in aortic smooth muscle tissue of the fowl abdominal aorta, in spontaneously developed neointimal plaques and in the aortic smooth muscle underlying neointimal plaques. Crude protein extracted from isolated aortic smooth muscle tissues and neointimal plaques was fractionated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by immunoblotting with rabbit anti-fowl osteopontin (provided by Dr L. C. Gerstenfeld, Boston University) or anti-α smooth muscle actin antibodies. The anti-fowl osteopontin antibody predominantly recognized a 66–70 kDa protein band in neointimal plaques that co-migrated with the osteopontin phosphoprotein from chick bone. In contrast, intact aortic smooth muscle and the smooth muscle underlying neointimal plaques equally expressed three proteins (66–70 kDa, approximately 50 kDa and approximately 43 kDa) recognized by the anti-osteopontin antibody. Anti-α smooth muscle actin antibody recognized a 43 kDa protein band, and the expression of α smooth muscle actin was higher in aortic smooth muscle than in neointimal plaques. Osteopontin mRNA expression was examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of total RNA from vascular tissues with specific primers constructed on the basis of the reported fowl osteopontin nucleotide sequence. The PCR products from intact aortic smooth muscle and neointimal plaques correspond to the product from recombinant plasmid cDNA (a gift from Dr L. C. Gerstenfeld) transcribed in vitro. These results suggest that osteopontin is synthesized in intact aortic smooth muscle and neointimal plaques in fowl and that unmetabolized approximately 66 kDa osteopontin protein is a predominant form in the neointima, indicating that osteopontin protein may be actively synthesized in the neointima.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in an Adult, a Potential Mimic of Gastric Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Zarineh ◽  
Marino E. Leon ◽  
Reda S. Saad ◽  
Jan F. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Spindle Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Extrinsic Compression

Primary or idiopathic hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle (IHPM) is a rare entity with uncertain pathogenesis which both clinically and pathologically mimics gastric cancer. We present a rare late-occurring case of IHPM in a 71-year-old Caucasian man with no apparent predisposing factor. Imaging studies demonstrated gastric distension with air fluid levels and no evidence of extrinsic compression. At upper endoscopy, massive gastric distension and no evidence of any ulcer or other mucosal defects were observed. Microscopically, marked hypertrophy of muscularis mucosa with smooth muscle cells arranged in whorls and fascicles was present which gradually transitioned to normal areas. The muscle fibers stained with smooth muscle actin and trichrome stain highlighted fibrosis between the muscle fibers. Although uncommon, IHPM can clinically and histologically mimic other proliferations in the gastric wall, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor or a spindle cell neoplasm. The recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of IHPM are discussed.

scholarly journals CNP-pGC-cGMP-PDE3-cAMP Signal Pathway Upregulated in Gastric Smooth Muscle of Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Lan Cai ◽  
Mo-Han Zhang ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Jing-Zhi Jiang ◽  
Li-Hua Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Smooth Muscle

Our previous studies have shown that CNP-NPR-B/pGC-cGMP is upregulated in the diabetic rats. The present study was designed to determine whether the upregulation of CNP-NPR-B/pGC-cGMP signal pathway affects cGMP-PDE3-cAMP signal pathway in diabetic gastric smooth muscle. The gastric smooth muscle motility was observed by using isometric measurement. PDEs expressions in diabetic gastric smooth muscle tissue were observed by using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-PCR methods. The results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of CNP on the spontaneous contraction of gastric antral circular smooth muscle was potentiated in STZ-induced diabetic rat. CNP-induced increase of cGMP and cAMP was much higher in diabetic gastric smooth muscle tissue than in controls. The expression of PDE3 is downregulated while the levels of gene expression of PDE1, PDE2, PDE4, and PDE5 were not altered in the diabetic gastric smooth muscle tissue. The results suggest that the sensitivity of gastric smooth muscle to CNP is potentiated via activation of CNP-pGC-cGMP-PDE3-cAMP signal pathway in STZ-induced diabetic rats, which may be associated with diabetes-induced gastric motility disorder.

Dacryops (Lacrimal Cyst) in Three Young Labrador Retrievers

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Ota ◽  
Jacqueline W. Pearce ◽  
Michael J. Finn ◽  
Gayle C. Johnson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

This case series constitutes a report of dacryops in multiple Labrador retrievers and the use of smooth-muscle actin immunostaining to confirm the lacrimal duct origins of the cyst wall. Three Labrador retrievers were presented with a history of a slowly enlarging mass adjacent to the left medial canthus. Ultrasonography of the masses revealed they were each spherical, thin-walled cystic structures. Aspiration cytology was performed in two cases revealing mixed inflammation and absence of detectable microorganisms. Dacryocystorhinography of the left nasolacrimal system performed in two cases revealed a normal nasolacrimal system that was closely associated, but not communicating with, the cystic mass in both cases. Surgical excision of all cysts was curative. Histopathology and positive immunohistochemical staining for smooth-muscle actin confirmed a diagnosis of dacryops in all cases.

scholarly journals Cytoskeletal remodeling in differentiated vascular smooth muscle is actin isoform dependent and stimulus dependent

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. C768-C778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hak Rim Kim ◽  
Cynthia Gallant ◽  
Paul C. Leavis ◽  
Susan J. Gunst ◽  
Kathleen G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Cell Fractions

Dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton plays an essential role in the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been suggested that actin remodeling may also play an important functional role in nonmigrating, nonproliferating differentiated vascular smooth muscle (dVSM). In the present study, we show that contractile agonists increase the net polymerization of actin in dVSM, as measured by the differential ultracentrifugation of vascular smooth muscle tissue and the costaining of single freshly dissociated cells with fluorescent probes specific for globular and filamentous actin. Furthermore, induced alterations of the actin polymerization state, as well as actin decoy peptides, inhibit contractility in a stimulus-dependent manner. Latrunculin pretreatment or actin decoy peptides significantly inhibit contractility induced by a phorbol ester or an α-agonist, but these procedures have no effect on contractions induced by KCl. Aorta dVSM expresses α-smooth muscle actin, β-actin, nonmuscle γ-actin, and smooth muscle γ-actin. The incorporation of isoform-specific cell-permeant synthetic actin decoy peptides, as well as isoform-specific probing of cell fractions and two-dimensional gels, demonstrates that actin remodeling during α-agonist contractions involves the remodeling of primarily γ-actin and, to a lesser extent, β-actin. Taken together, these results show that net isoform- and agonist-dependent increases in actin polymerization regulate vascular contractility.

scholarly journals Myolipoma Affecting the Erector Spinae: A Case Report in a Child

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. R. Parratt ◽  
K. Gokaraju ◽  
B. G. I. Spiegelberg ◽  
J. Miles ◽  
S. R. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumour ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Tissue Tumour ◽  
Lipomatous Tumour

Myolipoma is a rare, benign, lipomatous tumour which most commonly occurs in the retroperitoneum, pelvis, and abdomen. A 4-year-old boy presented with a painless enlarging mass in the left paraspinal region. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a soft tissue lesion with high fat content and areas of calcification. Excision and histopathological analysis revealed a tumour composed of lobules of mature adipose tissue and broad septa of well-differentiated smooth muscle tissue. The smooth muscle nature of the nonfatty component was demonstrated by a diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin and desmin. The mass was reported as a myolipoma. The patient made an unremarkable recovery from surgery and remains healthy with no signs of recurrence at seven years. This paper represents the youngest patient diagnosed with this rare soft tissue tumour which is normally confined to the adult population. A newly reported site of the tumour is also highlighted.

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