A Module-on-module Manufacturing Process and the Study of its Warpage and Signal Integrity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001429-001444
Author(s):  
Thomas Wang ◽  
James Lin ◽  
Tony Cheng ◽  
Ping-Chi Hong ◽  
Albert Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Product Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Module Structure ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly ◽  
The One ◽  
Electrical Connections

This paper describes a package design and associated manufacturing assembly process that stack a module on top of another module using a frame board. The module on the top could be in molded or open frame form. In addition, this manufacturing process is compatible with the conformal shielding process important in RF applications. The complete module-on-module can be coated seamlessly and connected to the ground planes of the two substrates. The module may be a part of product line that requires more functionality over the same foot print. There is the need to houses more components than its predecessor. Such example includes the standard memory package-on-package. However, if the module on top is not of commodity type, or when the volume is not big enough to develop a standard package, this module-on-module architecture and process could be a good solution. Alternatively, one could fix the design of bottom module , and design multiple choices of the top module. When stacked together, the two modules form various different configurations in order to serve different functionalities. The structure of the module on module is shown in figure 1 below: Figure 1 Structure of the Module on Module On the frame board, there are vertical via where vertical electrical and power connection can be made. The frame board is mounted on the main board-II by surface mount process with underfill option. In the figure, a molded module on the top is shown, and an overall coating is applied to the whole module-on-module. Figure 2 Manufacturing Process of the Module-on-module The assembly process of the module-on-module is shown in Figure 2. First, the bottom module is manufactured by a one side SMT process and sawed, with the frame board soldered and underfilled. Then, the top module is SMT and molded in a panel form on the one side, and the bottom module is SMT and underfilled on the other side. Last, the complete module is sawed and conformal shielded by the sputtering process. The design of the ground plans of the substrates, together with that of the frame board, makes it such that the coating is connected to the ground planes of the boards. It is important to study the warpage of such a module-on-module to make sure that it meets the JDEC standards. It is important to assure that the signal integrity of the electrical connections, including RF connections, inside of the frame board meets the requirement. Both simulation and measurement are made to test vehicles of the module-on-module. It is found that the simulation matches the measurement nicely. This module structure can be used for a variety of applications.

Constraints

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Mazo ◽  
Camille Salinesi ◽  
Daniel Diaz ◽  
Olfa Djebbi ◽  
Alberto Lora-Michiels
Keyword(s):  
Domain Engineering ◽  
Product Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feature Model ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Constraint Program ◽  
Engineering Strategy ◽  
Application Engineering ◽  
The One ◽  
Line Engineering

Drawing from an analogy between features based Product Line (PL) models and Constraint Programming (CP), this paper explores the use of CP in the Domain Engineering and Application Engineering activities that are put in motion in a Product Line Engineering strategy. Specifying a PL as a constraint program instead of a feature model carries out two important qualities of CP: expressiveness and direct automation. On the one hand, variables in CP can take values over boolean, integer, real or even complex domains and not only boolean values as in most PL languages such as the Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA). Specifying boolean, arithmetic, symbolic and reified constraint, provides a power of expression that spans beyond that provided by the boolean dependencies in FODA models. On the other hand, PL models expressed as constraint programs can directly be executed and analyzed by off-the-shelf solvers. This paper explores the issues of (a) how to specify a PL model using CP, including in the presence of multi-model representation, (b) how to verify PL specifications, (c) how to specify configuration requirements, and (d) how to support the product configuration activity. Tests performed on a benchmark of 50 PL models show that the approach is efficient and scales up easily to very large and complex PL specifications.

Resolvents and trace form

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Number Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Context ◽  
Module Structure ◽  
Galois Module ◽  
Trace Form ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Arithmetic Theory ◽  
The One

This paper is a continuation of (F3). In its first part we shall expand and extend the general theory of the earlier paper, while in the second part we specialize to number fields. The theory of resolvents and of the trace form, presented here, complements the more arithmetic theory of module conductors and module resolvents as described elsewhere (cf. (F4)). Both these papers will be applied in work on the connexion, for tame extensions, between Galois module structure of algebraic integers on the one hand, and Artin conductors and root numbers on the other hand (cf. (F5)). The results of the present paper are however not restricted to the tame case and, it is hoped, will subsequently be applied in a more general context.

scholarly journals FACTOR EQUIVALENCE OF GALOIS MODULES AND REGULATOR CONSTANTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
ALEX BARTEL
Keyword(s):  
Number Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Module Structure ◽  
Integral Group ◽  
Galois Module ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Galois Modules ◽  
Rings Of Integers ◽  
The One ◽  
Module Structures

We compare two approaches to the study of Galois module structures: on the one hand, factor equivalence, a technique that has been used by Fröhlich and others to investigate the Galois module structure of rings of integers of number fields and of their unit groups, and on the other hand, regulator constants, a set of invariants attached to integral group representations by Dokchitser and Dokchitser, and used by the author, among others, to study Galois module structures. We show that the two approaches are in fact closely related, and interpret results arising from these two approaches in terms of each other. We then use this comparison to derive a factorizability result on higher K-groups of rings of integers, which is a direct analogue of a theorem of de Smit on S-units.

Protection and Symbolization Innovation of Manufacturing Process of Blue and White Porcelain

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Jie Shao
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Development Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The One ◽  
White Porcelain

The development process of blue and white porcelains has always gone through continuous innovation and reformation. Up till now, the market has brought new requirements for the creation of blue-and-white. One the one hand, the traditional manufacturing process is a kind of cultural inheritance. It needs strict observation and protection as well as salvation. On the other hand, the evolution and development of the modern life and culture has as well brought urgent requirements for its symbolization innovation. It is based on the requirements of this kind of development that a brand new concept of blue-and-white is being formed gradually, which is more inclusive and broader.

On p-adic height pairings and locally free classgroups of Hopf orders

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459
Author(s):  
A. AGBOOLA
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Quadratic Field ◽  
Homogeneous Spaces ◽  
Complex Multiplication ◽  
Imaginary Quadratic Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Module Structure ◽  
Galois Module ◽  
Ring Of Integers ◽  
The One

Let E be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by the ring of integers [Ofr ] of an imaginary quadratic field K. The purpose of this paper is to describe certain connections between the arithmetic of E on the one hand and the Galois module structure of certain arithmetic principal homogeneous spaces arising from E on the other. The present paper should be regarded as a complement to [AT]; we assume that the reader is equipped with a copy of the latter paper and that he is not averse to referring to it from time to time.

Towards an Energy Efficient Series Production of High Performance Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors by Selective Magnet Assembly

2018 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Alexander Meyer ◽  
Jörg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inductive Heating ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The One

When installing magnets on synchronous rotors, the target values of energy efficiency, vibration, noise emissions, power density and synchronism are decisively influenced by the quality of the rotor magnetic field. This depends on the real position of the magnets after mounting, on the polarization of the magnet and on the direction of magnetisation. However, large component tolerances in the magnet bodies also require tolerances in the rotor magnetic field. The quality assurance in the field of rotor production, which is largely lacking in the current state of the art, is compensated for by robust motor designs in order to keep the rejects low. Unconventional machine designs, such as the Halbach arrangement of the magnets, exploit optimization potential in terms of power density by eliminating the ferromagnetic component in the rotor and reduce harmonics due to the almost sinusoidal field shape, so that more efficient winding processes, such as linear winding in the stator with a constant low torque ripple compared to distributed winding, are used. At the same time, however, the requirement for homogeneity of the magnetic field increases due to the matching pairing of the magnets and the correct magnetic position when using sintered, isotropic rare earth magnets. By 100 % testing of magnets and rotors, it is possible on the one hand to exploit these design potentials and on the other hand to estimate the performance data of the motor before the final assembly test by means of data mining. In the framework of the E|MagTol project, the process feasibility of a logistics solution for storing magnetized goods has already been successfully investigated. In order to extend the potential uncovered in the previous project, it is necessary to record all process data of the rotor assembly process such as magnet geometry, magnet position, polarization and magnetization direction. The aim of E|S2MART is on the one hand to increase machine efficiency by compensating for component deviations by adapting or matching the magnetic position and magnetic parameters in a closed-loop control loop in the assembly process and on the other hand to significantly increase the energy efficiency of the assembly process. This is done by optimizing the magnetization process and coupling with inductive heating to replace the furnace process during the bonding process and to reduce the energy consumption during magnetization. On the basis of the existing process experience, the savings potential in the assembly process is estimated to be at least 70 % compared to conventional processes.

scholarly journals Influence of the Structure of Lattice Beams on Their Strength Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5765
Author(s):  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Łukasz Matwiej ◽  
Dorota Dziurka ◽  
Monika Chuda-Kowalska ◽  
Maciej Marecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Stage

This paper presents the strength properties of wooden trusses. The proposed solutions may constitute an alternative to currently produced trusses, in cases when posts and cross braces are joined with flanges using punched metal plate fasteners. Glued carpentry joints, although requiring a more complicated manufacturing process, on the one hand promote a more rational utilisation of available structural timber resources, while on the other hand they restrict the use of metal fasteners. The results of the conducted analyses show that the proposed solutions at the current stage of research are characterised by an approx. 30% lower static bending strength compared to trusses manufactured using punched metal plate fasteners. However, these solutions make it possible to produce trusses with load-bearing capacities comparable to that of structural timber of grade C24 and stiffness slightly higher than that of lattice beams manufactured using punched metal plate fasteners. The strength of wooden trusses manufactured in the laboratory ranged from nearly 20 N/mm2 to over 32 N/mm2. Thus, satisfactory primary values for further work were obtained.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

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