scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Registered Provisional Immigrant Program: A Cost-Benefit Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Odia Bintou Cissé
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Base Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Impact

On June 27, 2013, the Senate passed the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 (referred to as S.744). The bill addresses key elements of the immigration process through five sections. This analysis serves as an ex-ante Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the proposed Registered Provisional Immigrant (RPI) program under Section II of S.744, which would allow undocumented immigrants in the US to obtain legal status. The CBA looks at a 10-year timeframe from 2015 through 2025 and estimates the costs and benefits to four groups: undocumented immigrants, US taxpayers, employers of undocumented immigrants, and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) under a base case scenario, a distributional weight scenario, and a worst-case scenario. Given the positive net benefits observed under the three scenarios, significant evidence recommends the implementation of the RPI program.

Application of a Tax to E-Commerce Deliveries in Barcelona

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110124
Author(s):  
Genís Majoral ◽  
Francesc Gasparín ◽  
Sergi Saurí
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The Impact

The number of e-commerce transactions is increasing worldwide. Deliveries of goods purchased online generate externalities throughout the whole supply chain and, particularly, the increasing concern about the last-mile distribution of goods. The escalating presence of vans in cities contributes to poor air quality, climate change, noise, and congestion. So far, the majority of solutions to address this issue are based on the supply side, such as electric vans, optimizing the routing and pick-up-points, and so forth. Even in other transport sectors, pricing solutions are well known, yet they have not been extended to e-commerce delivery. This paper aims to propose an environmental tax falling on the demand side and equaling the externalities from this activity. The analysis has been particularized for the case of Barcelona. A cost–benefit analysis to assess the impact of such a tax has been carried out. When revenue collection is reinvested in the logistics sector, and for subsidizing electric distribution vehicles, the results indicate that the levying of the tax can generate positive outcomes.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea: a cost–benefit analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004292
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Jiyeon Suh ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Heun Choi ◽  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing Plasmodium vivax malaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs on P. vivax malaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation on P. vivax malaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost–benefit analysis from the payer’s perspective.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model for P. vivax malaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014–2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios: microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area for P. vivax malaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefit:cost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.ResultsThe results showed that 55.3% of new P. vivax malaria cases were averted, and $696 214 in medical costs was saved over 10 years after RDT introduction. The estimated IBCR was 2.5, indicating that RDT implementation was beneficial, compared with microscopy alone. The IBCR was sensitive to the diagnosis time reduction, infectious period and short latency period, and provided beneficial results in a benefit over $10.6 or RDT cost under $39.7.ConclusionsThe model simulation suggested that RDTs could significantly reduce P. vivax malaria incidence and medical costs. Moreover, cost–benefit analysis demonstrated that the introduction of RDTs was beneficial over microscopy alone. These results support the need for widespread adoption of RDTs.

scholarly journals Impacts of Coal Railroad Transportation Project on GDP Promotion and Unemployment Reduction in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02-24
Author(s):  
PAULUS KURNIAWAN ◽  
KEMBAR SRI BUDHI ◽  
SUYANA UTAMA ◽  
MAHAENDRA YASA
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Railroad System ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

massive, advanced and integrated railroad system for coal transportation (referred to hereafter as ?Project?) from Muara Enim, Sumatra Selatan Province to the new coal port at Pulau Baai, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia is developed by a private investor together with the local government (PEMDA) of Bengkulu Province to make the best use of abundant coal resources in the region. This paper analyzes the impact of this Project on the Bengkulu economy, which is currently considered low. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is adopted as the economic indicator. The study combines the theories of export base and economic base, economic and regional developments, cost-benefit analysis and economic impact study with the empirical data. The results show the Project?s financial feasibility with Cost-Benefit Ratio of 1.61, Internal Rate of Return of 21.1% and Payback Period of 5 years, which will provide a significant contribution to the Bengkulu GDP growth and a decrease of 821,600 people among the unemployed.

Illustrating the Monetary Impact of Transportation Projects/Alternatives using the Values of Travel Time and Travel Time Reliability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (51) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata R. Duddu ◽  
Srinivas S. Pulugurtha ◽  
Praveena Penmetsa
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
The Impact

State agencies, regional agencies, cities, towns, and local municipalities design and maintain transportation systems for the benefit of users by improving mobility, reducing travel time, and enhancing safety. Cost–benefit analysis based on travel time savings and the value of reliability helps these agencies in prioritizing transportation projects or when evaluating transportation alternatives. This paper illustrates the use of monetary values of travel time savings and travel time reliability, computed for the state of North Carolina, to help assess the impact of transportation projects or alternatives. The results obtained indicate that, based on the illustration of the effect and impact of various transportation projects or alternatives, both improved travel time and reliability on roads yield significant monetary benefits. However, from cost–benefit analysis, it is observed that greater benefits can be achieved through improved reliability compared with benefits from a decrease in travel time for a given section of road.

Abstract T MP100: Improving Encounter Frequency, Physician Prescribing, or Patient Adherence - What Works Best for Controlling Blood Pressure? Results From a Validated Micro-Simulation Model

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valy Fontil ◽  
Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo ◽  
Dhruv Kazi ◽  
Pamela Coxson ◽  
Steve Sidney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Treatment Intensification ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Base Case Scenario

Background: Only half of hypertensive adults achieve blood pressure (BP) control in the United States. Methods: We developed the BP Control Model to simulate physician- and patient-level processes relevant in achieving BP control. We validated the model by simulating the intervention arm of a recent multicenter clinical trial and used the validated model to examine the effects of isolated improvements in three modifiable processes on BP control. Data from national surveys, cohort studies, and trials were used to parameterize the model. We simulated 5,000 hypothetical adult patients with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP≥ 140) using probability sampling of participants from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We modeled 50% improvements and ideal scenarios for each process parameter. Outcome: We reported outcomes in terms of BP control (% with SBP < 140 mmHg), and average change in BP at 52 weeks. Results: In our validation analysis, the model-predicted BP control was similar to what was achieved in the VIPER-BP clinical trial (63.5% vs. 63.8%). In our base case scenario, 24% of the NHANES-derived cohort achieved BP control at 52 weeks. In scenarios with 50% improvements, the model predicted small increases in BP control, but substantially larger and more variable effects when processes were idealized (Table). Control was reached in 77% with ideal treatment intensification, 44% with ideal encounter frequency, only 32% with ideal adherence, and 97% when all three processes were idealized. Conclusion: While improving patient adherence to medications would improve BP control, healthcare systems can achieve similar or greater success by focusing on increasing the frequency of clinical encounters and improving physicians’ prescribing behavior. The BP Control Model can be used to predict how much improvement to expect from such interventions.

U.S. Army Engineers and the Rise of Cost-Benefit Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-190
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Bureau Of Reclamation ◽  
Conflict Cost ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Economic Analyses

This chapter traces the history of cost–benefit analysis in the United States bureaucracy from the 1920s until about 1960. It is not a story of academic research, but of political pressure and administrative conflict. Cost–benefit methods were introduced to promote procedural regularity and to give public evidence of fairness in the selection of water projects. Early in the century, numbers produced by the Army Corps of Engineers were usually accepted on its authority alone, and there was correspondingly little need for standardization of methods. About 1940, however, economic numbers became objects of bitter controversy, as the Corps was challenged by such powerful interests as utility companies and railroads. The really crucial development in this story was the outbreak of intense bureaucratic conflict between the Corps and other government agencies, especially the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Reclamation. The agencies tried to settle their feuds by harmonizing their economic analyses. When negotiation failed as a strategy for achieving uniformity, they were compelled to try to ground their makeshift techniques in economic rationality. On this account, cost–benefit analysis had to be transformed from a collection of local bureaucratic practices into a set of rationalized economic principles.

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