scholarly journals Molecular detection of hepatotoxic cyanobacteria in inland water bodies of the Marmara Region, Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Latife Köker ◽  
Reyhan Akçaalan ◽  
Meriç Albay ◽  
Brett A. Neilan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Microcystin Synthetase ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Mcye Gene ◽  
Microcystin Production ◽  
Inland Water Bodies

<p>Blooms of cyanobacteria are an increasingly frequent phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems worldwide as a result of eutrophication. Many species can produce hepatotoxins that cause severe health hazards to humans. The aim of this study was to identify the bloom forming cyanobacteria species by molecular methods and to amplify genes responsible for hepatotoxin biosynthesis from the environmental samples and isolated strains of cyanobacteria from Küçükçekmece Lagoon, Sapanca, İznik, Manyas and Taşkısı Lakes. A total of 10 bloom samples and 11 isolated strains were examined and <em>Microcystis</em> spp., <em>Planktothrix</em> spp., <em>Nodularia</em> <em>spumigena</em>, <em>Anabaenopsis</em> <em>elenkinii</em>, <em>Sphaerospermopsis</em> <em>aphanizomenoides</em>, <em>Cylindrospermopsis</em> <em>raciborskii</em> were identified. Hepatotoxin genes were detected in 60% of the bloom samples and 45% of the strains. Two Microcystis strains were obtained from Küçükçekmece Lagoon. While the strain assigned to <em>Microcystis</em> <em>flosaquae</em> was non-toxic, <em>Microcystis</em> <em>aeruginosa</em> strain produced microcystin. According to PCR results, the <em>M. aeruginosa</em> and <em>Planktothrix</em> <em>agardhii</em> bloom samples of Küçükçekmece Lagoon contained the microcystin synthetase gene E (mcyE) indicative of microcystin production, however, no microcystin was detected by HPLC. The mcyE gene was also found in <em>Microcystis</em> <em>wesenbergii</em> isolated from Taşkısı Lake, and in all <em>Planktothrix</em> <em>rubescens</em> bloom samples from Sapanca Lake. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study for identifiying different toxic cyanobacteria species and their hepatotoxin production from several waterbodies in Turkey using molecular methods.</p>

Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification ofToxoplasma gondii

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SU ◽  
E. K. SHWAB ◽  
P. ZHOU ◽  
X. Q. ZHU ◽  
J. P. DUBEY
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Detection And Identification

SUMMARYThe development of simple, sensitive and rapid methods for the detection and identification ofToxoplasma gondiiis important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of the zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis. In the past 2 decades, molecular methods based on a variety of genetic markers have been developed, each with its advantages and limitations. The application of these methods has generated invaluable information to enhance our understanding of the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeny ofT. gondii. However, since most studies focused solely on the detection but not genetic characterization ofT. gondii, the information obtained was limited. In this review, we discuss some widely used molecular methods and propose an integrated approach for the detection and identification ofT. gondii, in order to generate maximum information for epidemiological, population and phylogenetic studies of this key pathogen.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of marine nematodes from environmental samples: overcoming eukaryotic interference

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bhadury ◽  
MC Austen ◽  
DT Bilton ◽  
PJD Lambshead ◽  
AD Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Marine Nematodes

scholarly journals Sporadic Distribution and Distinctive Variations of Cylindrospermopsin Genes in Cyanobacterial Strains and Environmental Samples from Chinese Freshwater Bodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (17) ◽  
pp. 5219-5230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongguang Jiang ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Gongliang Yu ◽  
Jihai Shao ◽  
Deming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Phylogenetic Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Group Species

ABSTRACTIncreasing reports of cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) in freshwater ecosystems have promoted the demand for identifying all of the potential CYN-producing cyanobacterial species. The present study explored the phylogenetic distribution and evolution ofcyrgenes in cyanobacterial strains and water samples from China. FourCylindrospermopsisstrains and twoRaphidiopsisstrains were confirmed to produce CYNs. MutantcyrIandcyrKgenes were observed in these strains. Clonedcyrgene sequences from eight water bodies were clustered withcyrgenes fromCylindrospermopsisandRaphidiopsis(C/R group) in the phylogenetic trees with high similarities (99%). FourcyrIsequence types and threecyrJsequence types were observed to have different sequence insertions and repeats. Phylogenetic analysis of therpoC1sequences of the C/R group revealed four conserved clades, namely, clade I, clade II, clade III, and clade V. High sequence similarities (>97%) in each clade and a divergent clade IV were observed. Therefore, CYN producers were sporadically distributed in congeneric and paraphyletic C/R group species in Chinese freshwater ecosystems. In the evolution ofcyrgenes, intragenomic translocations and intergenomic transfer between localCylindrospermopsisandRaphidiopsiswere emphasized and probably mediated by transposases. This research confirms the existence of CYN-producingCylindrospermopsisin China and reveals the distinctive variations ofcyrgenes.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Viable Bacterial Pathogens in Water by Ratiometric Pre-rRNA Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 960-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard A. Cangelosi ◽  
Kris M. Weigel ◽  
Clarita Lefthand-Begay ◽  
John S. Meschke
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Ratiometric pre-rRNA analysis (RPA) detects the replenishment of rRNA precursors that occurs rapidly upon nutritional stimulation of bacterial cells. In contrast to DNA detection by PCR, RPA distinguishes viable from inactivated bacteria. It exhibits promise as a molecular viability test for pathogens in water and other environmental samples.

scholarly journals SIZE EFFECT OF COPPER NANOPARTICALS ON MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Nguyen Trung Kien ◽  
Tran Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Nguyen Hoai Chau ◽  
Dang Dinh Kim ◽  
Duong Thi Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Cyanobacterial and toxins produced in cyanobacterial water blooms cause serious environmental problems which effects on freshwater ecosystems. The use of nanomaterials to control algal blooms is a new potential way for practical application due to its antibacterial as well as distinct physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. The particle size is one of the most determinant characteristics creating the different between nanomaterials and their larger bulk counterparts. However, size-dependent toxicity of nanoparticles has remained largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate effect of three different nanoparticle sizes (d ≤ 10 nm; 30 nm ≤ d ≤ 40 nm and d ≥ 50 nm) on toxic cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The copper nanoparticles were synthesized by electrochemical method and coated with chitosan to enhance the stability of materials in the water environment. The copper nanoparticle concentrations selected for toxic test were range from 0 (control); 0,01ppm; 0,05ppm; 0,1 ppm; 1ppm and 5 ppm. After ten days of experiment, the growth of M. aeruginosa was mainly affected at concentrations of 1 ppm and 5 ppm and there are no differences in inhibition between the particle sizes with efficiency of more than 80% in comparison to control. The highest toxicity of copper nanoparticles in M. aeruginosa was observed at particle size of 30 nm ≤ d ≤ 40 nm with EC50 = 0,73 ppm, which was respectively three to seven times less than the particle sizes of d ≥ 50 nm (EC50 = 2,62 ppm) and d ≤ 10nm (EC50 = 5,02 ppm) at the same time.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Northern Leatherside Chub (Lepidomeda copei) DNA in Environmental Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Dysthe ◽  
Kellie J. Carim ◽  
Thomas W. Franklin ◽  
Dave Kikkert ◽  
Michael K. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Leatherside Chub

scholarly journals Serologic and Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Layer Flocks in South Marmara Region of Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Elçin Günaydın ◽  
Özlem Kardoğan ◽  
Gülşen Goncagül ◽  
Yavuz Çokal
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Pooled Samples

Background: Due to the economic impacts of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in poultry, it is essential to have a fast, reliable and accurate diagnostic test to diagnose the infection. Aims: It was aimed to examine the presence of MG in the South Marmara Region of Turkey where extensive commercial layer flocks exist by RPA, ELISA and real-time PCR. Materials and Methods: In the study, 981 sera and 160 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs per each flock) obtained from eight layer flocks were examined for the presence of MG-antibody by RPA, ELISA, and the presence of MG by real-time PCR, respectively. Results: MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 100% by RPA. Twenty-three of the RPA positive sera in each flock LA, LB, LC, LD, LF, LG, and 17 RPA positive sera in flock LE (due to 17 positive RPA sera obtained) were examined for the presence of MG antibody by ELISA, and MG-seropositive flock rate was determined to be 87.5%. As a result of the examination of a total of 32 tracheal swab samples (20 swabs perflock/5 swabs=4 pooled samples, 8 flocksX4 pooled samples= 32 samples) for the presence of MG, real-time PCR positive flock rate was found to be 75%. Conclusion: To decide the flock whether it is infected or not and the initiate effective preventive measures against MG infection as soon as possible; serology should be applied simultaneously with bacteriology and/or PCR to prevent time loss due to shortcomings of serological tests used as primary screening test such as cross reactions, sensitivity and specificity problems.

scholarly journals Detection of Microcystin (Mcye) Gene in Recreational Lakes in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-699
Author(s):  
Rohaslinda Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
Tengku Yusof ◽  
Yi Sim ◽  
Norli Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Mcye Gene ◽  
Reverse Primer ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Encoding Gene

Toxic cyanobacteria blooms became a worldwide problems as many countries encounter the presence of the blooms in most of water bodies. As part to develop monitoring of cyanobacterial toxins in Malaysia, samples taken in twelve points in five different lakes in Miri, Sarawak. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were carried out to detect the presence of cyanobacteria in the water samples. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were detected in all the samples collected. While molecular analysis for detection of cyanobacterial toxin encoding gene were done using specific primers. PCR amplification of cyanobacterial toxin-encoding gene were carried using the combination of forward primer; mcyE-F2 and reverse primer; mcyE-R4 to amplify generic microcystin (mcyE) gene in the samples. Out of twelve samples collected, microcystin (mcyE) producing gene was detected in one of the samples tested. Presence of microcystin encoding gene indicates the risk of cyanobacterial toxins in Miri, Sarawak.

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