scholarly journals Urbanisation and its effect on risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea in Mbour, Senegal: A visualisation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Aminata Niang-Diène ◽  
Ibrahima Sy ◽  
Ousmane Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Rapid urbanisation, particularly in secondary cities in Africa, brings along specific challenges for global health, including the prevention and control of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea. Our purpose was to visualise urbanisation trends and its effect on risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea, e.g. water supply, sanitation, wastewater and solid waste management in Mbour, a secondary city in south-western Senegal. Our visualisation is facilitated by epidemiological and geographical surveys carried out in 2016. A deeper spatial and visual understanding of the urbanisation trends and the disparities of diarrhoea-associated risk factors might lead to the implementation of suitable health interventions and preventive measures. Our visualisation is aimed to serve as a basis for discussion and as a decision support tool for policymakers, municipal officials and local communities to prioritise interventions related to water, sanitation and waste management with a view to reduce the environmental and health risks in the rapidly growing city of Mbour, which is set as an example for other similar secondary cities across low- and middle-income countries in Africa.

scholarly journals SWIMS: A dynamic life cycle-based optimisation and decision support tool for solid waste management

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 547-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiron P. Roberts ◽  
David A. Turner ◽  
Jonathan Coello ◽  
Anne M. Stringfellow ◽  
Ibrahim A. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool

Analysis of the “Zero Waste” Management Option Using the Municipal Solid Waste Decision Support Tool

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Thorneloe ◽  
Keith A. Weitz ◽  
Jesse Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Integrated Solid Waste Management ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development (US EPA ORD) has developed a “Municipal Solid Waste Decision Support Tool”, or MSW-DST, for local government solid waste managers to use for the life cycle evaluation of integrated solid waste management options. The MSW-DST was developed over a five year period (1994–1999) with the assistance of numerous outside contractors and organizations, including the Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina State University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Environmental Research and Education Foundation, Franklin Associates and Roy F. Weston. The MSW-DST can be used to quantify and evaluate the following impacts for each integrated solid waste management alternative: • Energy consumption, • Air emissions, • Water pollutant discharges, • Solid Waste disposal impacts. Recently, the MSW-DST was used by the U.S. EPA to identify solid waste management strategies that would help to meet the goal of the EPA’s “Resource Conservation Challenge.” In this effort, ten solid waste management strategies were evaluated for a hypothetical, medium-sized U.S. community, with a population of 750,000 and a waste generation rate of approximately 3.5 pounds per person per day. (Table 1). The assumed waste composition was based on national averages. A peer-reviewed paper on this research was published in 2008 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

Decision Support Tool for Life-Cycle-Based Solid Waste Management

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Harrison ◽  
Robert D. Dumas ◽  
Eric Solano ◽  
Morton A. Barlaz ◽  
E. Downey Brill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool

Reducing overuse of colony-stimulating factors without compromising patient safety: Evidence from a decision-support enabled utilization management in patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Gboyega Adeboyeje ◽  
Abiy Agiro ◽  
Andrea DeVries ◽  
Michael Fisch ◽  
Jennifer L. Malin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factors ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

52 Background: Recent studies suggest significant overuse of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) for the primary prevention of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Overtreatment with CSF increases costs without evidence of clinical benefit. We examined the impact of a decision-support tool to promote risk-appropriate CSF use in lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to analyze commercial claims data on lung cancer patients. The decision-support tool was implemented at participating oncology practices in staggered phases across 14 U.S states (from July 1, 2014 - November 1, 2014). Study population included adults with lung cancer who initiated chemotherapy from July 1, 2014 through March 30, 2015. Patients were assigned to case and control cohorts according to whether or not they resided in service areas where the tool had been implemented. Patients were followed up to 6 months after initiating chemotherapy in the pre- and post-implementation periods. The primary outcomes: CSF use and FN incidence rates were compared using difference-in-differences (DID) models; adjusting for baseline FN risk factors with generalized estimating equations. Results: The final study population included 3,470 patients (case: 1,857 and control: 1,613; overall mean age (SD), years: 65 (10)). There were no meaningful differences in FN risk factors at baseline between the cohorts. In adjusted results, CSF use decreased from 48.4% to 35.6% in the case compared to a change from 43.2% to 44.4% in control cohort (DID: -8.7% (95% CI: -14.65% to -2.67%), p - < 0.001) in the pre- and post-implementation periods. The rates of FN were consistent for both cohorts in each time period, with no statistical difference in trend for the case (2.8% to 4.3%) as compared with the control (3.1% to 5.1%) cohort (DID: -0.2% (95% CI: -0.63% to -0.33%), p – 0.953). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the potential for decision-support tools to improve evidence-based guideline adherence and promote risk-appropriate CSF use in patients with lung cancer without adversely impacting patient safety.

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