scholarly journals Kinetics of HIV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in cryptococcal meningitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M. Cecchini ◽  
Ana M. Cañizal ◽  
Haroldo Rojas ◽  
Alicia Arechavala ◽  
Ricardo Negroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Opportunistic Disease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1

In order to determine HIV-1 kinetics in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM), we undertook a prospective collection of paired CSF/plasma samples from antiretroviral therapy- free HIV-infected patients with CM. Samples were obtained at baseline (S1) and at the second (S2) and third (S3) weeks of antifungal therapy. HIV-1 CSF concentrations were significantly lower in both S2 and S3 with respect to S1. Plasma concentrations remained stable. HIV-1 concentrations were higher in plasma than CSF in all cases. Patients who survived the episode of CM (but not those who died) showed a decrease in CSF viral load, what suggests different viral kinetics of HIV-1 in the CSF according to the clinical course of this opportunistic disease.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Viral Load During Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie E Brouwer ◽  
Praprit Teparrukkul ◽  
Adul Rajanuwong ◽  
Wirongrong Chierakul ◽  
Weera Mahavanakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1C env and gag Variation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Nametso Kelentse ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
Mompati L. Mogwele ◽  
Doreen Ditshwanelo ◽  
Baitshepi Mokaleng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Plasma Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hiv Eradication ◽  
Ctl Escape ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 compartmentalization in reservoir sites remains a barrier to complete HIV eradication. It is unclear whether there is variation in HIV-1 env and gag between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of individuals with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM). We compared HIV-1 env characteristics and the gag cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations from CSF and plasma samples. Employing population-based Sanger sequencing, we sequenced HIV-1 env from CSF of 25 patients and plasma of 26 patients. For gag, 15 CSF and 21 plasma samples were successfully sequenced. Of these, 18 and 9 were paired env and gag CSF/plasma samples, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of CCR5-using strains in the CSF and plasma, (p = 0.50). Discordant CSF/plasma virus co-receptor use was found in 2/18 pairs (11.1%). The polymorphisms in the HIV-1 V3 loop were concordant between the two compartments. From the HIV-1 gag sequences, three pairs had discordant CTL escape mutations in three different epitopes of the nine analyzed. These findings suggest little variation in the HIV-1 env between plasma and CSF and that the CCR5-using strains predominate in both compartments. HIV-1 gag CTL escape mutations also displayed little variation in CSF and plasma suggesting similar CTL selective pressure.

scholarly journals Variables that influence HIV-1 cerebrospinal fluid viral load in cryptococcal meningitis: a linear regression analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M Cecchini ◽  
Ana M Cañizal ◽  
Haroldo Rojas ◽  
Alicia Arechavala ◽  
Ricardo Negroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Variables that influence HIV-1 cerebrospinal fluid viral load in cryptococcal meningitis: a linear regression analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego M Cecchini ◽  
Ana M Cañizal ◽  
Haroldo Rojas ◽  
Alicia Arechavala ◽  
Ricardo Negroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hiv 1

Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Quantification in an HIV-1-Infected Pediatric Group

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane M Rocha ◽  
Daisy M Machado ◽  
Maria Cecilia Sucupira ◽  
Regina C Succi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Load Quantification ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in cerebrospinal fluid following long-acting injectable administration in HIV-infected adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L Letendre ◽  
Anthony Mills ◽  
Debbie Hagins ◽  
Susan Swindells ◽  
Franco Felizarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Hiv Integrase ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Long-acting (LA) formulations of cabotegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, and rilpivirine, an NNRTI, are in development as monthly or 2 monthly intramuscular (IM) injections for maintenance of virological suppression. Objectives To evaluate cabotegravir and rilpivirine CSF distribution and HIV-1 RNA suppression in plasma and CSF in HIV-infected adults participating in a substudy of the Phase 2b LATTE-2 study (NCT02120352). Methods Eighteen participants receiving cabotegravir LA 400 mg + rilpivirine LA 600 mg IM [every 4 weeks (Q4W), n = 3] or cabotegravir LA 600 mg + rilpivirine LA 900 mg IM [every 8 weeks (Q8W), n = 15] with plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL enrolled. Paired steady-state CSF and plasma concentrations were evaluable in 16 participants obtained 7 (±3) days after an injection visit. HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma were assessed contemporaneously using commercial assays. Results Median total CSF concentrations in Q4W and Q8W groups, respectively, were 0.011 μg/mL and 0.013 μg/mL for cabotegravir (0.30% and 0.34% of the paired plasma concentrations) and 1.84 ng/mL and 1.67 ng/mL for rilpivirine (1.07% and 1.32% of paired plasma concentrations). Cabotegravir and rilpivirine total CSF concentrations exceeded their respective in vitro EC50 for WT HIV-1 (0.10 ng/mL and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively). All 16 participants had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL in plasma and CSF, and 15 of 16 participants had HIV-1 RNA <2 copies/mL in CSF. Conclusions A dual regimen of cabotegravir LA and rilpivirine LA achieved therapeutic concentrations in the CSF resulting in effective virological control in CSF.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load in HIV-1-Infected Patients Without Antiretroviral Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Gisslén ◽  
Lars Hagberg ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Gunnar Norkrans ◽  
Bo Svennerholm
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv 1

Kinetics of HIV-1 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and viral load in the natural history of HIV-1 infection

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
O. Pontesilli ◽  
M.R. Klein ◽  
S.R. Kerkhof-Garde ◽  
N. Pakker ◽  
F. de Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Natural History ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Sequence Heterogeneity in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4637-4639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Wei Tang ◽  
Joe T.-J. Huong ◽  
Robert M. Lloyd ◽  
Paul Spearman ◽  
David W. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Sequence Heterogeneity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Hiv 1

The source of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during HIV-1 infection is uncertain. The sequence heterogeneity of HIV-1 RNA in simultaneous CSF and plasma samples was characterized for five patients at the baseline and during the first week of antiretroviral therapy by two commercial genotyping methodologies. In individual subjects, the sequences in CSF samples differed significantly from those in plasma. In contrast, the viral sequences in CSF at the baseline did not differ from the sequences in CSF during treatment. Similarly, viral sequences in plasma did not vary over this interval. This study provides evidence that HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma arise from distinct compartments.

KINETICS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN IN MAN DETERMINED BY PROTAMINE CHLORIDE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bode ◽  
R Franz ◽  
D Welzel ◽  
H Wolf ◽  
C Harenberg
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Endogenous Compounds ◽  
Antifactor Xa ◽  
Kinetics Of

Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin is characterized by a higher affinity to antithrombin HI, less inhibition of thrombin and increased inhibition of factor Xa. The half life of the antifactor Xa activity of LMW heparin is doubled compared to normal heparin. However, these parameters reflect the pharmacodynamics rather than the kinetic of the compound. We, therefore, analyzed the kinetics of LMW heparin after i.v. injection in man using protamine chloride for gravimetric evaluation of LMW heparin in the plasma samples.Six healthy adults received 100 units per kg body weight normal heparin or 100 anti Xa units per kg LMW heparin (Sandoz AG, Niimberg, FRG). To serial samples of venous blood protamine chloride was added in serial dilutions until the thrombin inhibition was antagonized. Since factor Xa inhibition of LMW heparin cannot be abolished completely by protamine chloride, two amounts of protamine chloride were added to the plasma samples ex vivo, until factor Xa was inhibited up to 0,2 and 0,04 units/ml. The following maximal plasma concentrations (C max) and half lives (T/2) were calculated (average values):The pharmacokinetics of normal heparin show no differences on thrombin and factor Xa interaction. LMW heparin, however, interacts to 30 % with thrombin and to 100 % with factor Xa; the half life on factor Xa is twice as long as on thrombin; releases endogenous compounds with antifactor Xa activity, which are neutralized only hardly by protamine chloride;and these endogenous compounds mediate in part the longer half life.

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