Aflatoxin B1 risk management in Parmigiano Reggiano dairy cow feed

This study investigated aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in dairy cow feed and the risk management of AFB1 content in concentrates undertaken by feed industries in the Parmigiano Reggiano area. Data on aflatoxin contamination risk management applied in 29 feed industries were collected and the AFB1 content of 70 feed samples was analyzed. Data were collected within the framework of a quality control program promoted by the Parmigiano Reggiano Consortium in 2013 and 2014. Audit results showed that the control procedures to prevent AFB1 contamination mainly focused on maize and its by-products. AFB1 concentration resulted lower than 5 ppb (legal EU limit) in all samples; in one out of 70 samples, AFB1 content was 3.8 ppb and in all the other samples it was lower than 3 ppb. Results showed that AFB1 risk management applied by Italian feed industries effectively monitors AFB1 levels in feed below the EU legal limit.

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Changes in Fungal Population and Aflatoxin Levels and Assessment of Major Aflatoxin Types in Stored Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus)

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n5p10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John Maina Wagacha ◽

Charity K. Mutegi ◽

Maria E. Christie ◽

Lucy W. Karanja ◽

Job Kimani

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Fungal Population ◽

Total Aflatoxin ◽

Regulatory Standards ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Jute Bags ◽

The Eu

Peanut kernels of Homabay Local, Valencia Red, ICGV-SM 12991 and ICGV-SM 99568 cultivars were stored for six months in jute, polypropylene and polyethylene bags to assess the effect of storage bags, temperature and R.H. on fungal population and aflatoxin contamination. Moisture content (M.C.), fungal population and aflatoxin levels were determined before storage and after every 30 days during storage. Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were assayed for production of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2. The correlation between MC, population of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and aflatoxin levels in peanuts was also determined. Six fungal pathogens were commonly isolated from the peanut samples and occurred as follows in decreasing order: Penicillium spp. (106.6 CFU/g), A. flavus L-strain (4.8 CFU/g), A. flavus S-strain (2.9 CFU/g), A. niger (2.6 CFU/g), A. parasiticus (1.7 CFU/g) and A. tamarii (0.2 CFU/g). The overall population of A. flavus L-strain was 66% higher than that of A. flavus S-strain. Ninety one percent of A. flavus and A. parasiticus isolates produced at least one of the four aflatoxin types assayed, with 36% producing aflatoxin B1. Total aflatoxin levels ranged from 0 - 47.8 µg/kg with samples stored in polyethylene and jute bags being the most and least contaminated, respectively. Eighty nine percent and 97% of the peanut samples met the EU (? 4 µg/kg) and Kenyan (? 10 µg/kg) regulatory standards for total aflatoxin, respectively. Peanuts should be adequately dried to safe moisture level and immediately packaged in a container - preferably jute bags - which will not promote critical increases in fungal population and aflatoxin contamination.

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Results of mycological and mycotoxicological investigations of corn-based feed for dairy cow diet

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1106333s ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (5-6) ◽

pp. 333-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marija Skrinjar ◽

Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽

Vladislava Soso ◽

Nevena Blagojev ◽

Slavica Veskovic-Moracanin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Fungal Contamination ◽

Fluorometric Method ◽

Total Aflatoxin ◽

One Year ◽

Feed Samples ◽

Corn Grain

In this study, fungal contamination was determined as well as total aflatoxin B1(AB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenon (ZEA) levels in corn-based feed samples obtained from four different farms in Serbia (n=35) during one year. Mycotoxins were detected in feed using the VICAM fluorometric method. It was determined that 97.14% of all samples were contaminated with moulds which belonged to following genera: Absidia, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Geotrichum, Eurotium, Fusarium, Mucor, Mortierella, Oidiodendron, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis, Syncephalastrum, Trichoderma, Ulocladium and Wallrothiella. A total of 58 different species were identified. Total mould count per 1 g ranged from 1.00 log cfu/g (dried corn silage - autumn, fresh corn silage - summer and corn grain silage - spring) to 7.32 log cfu/g (dried corn silage - winter). Mycotoxins were isolated from 28.5% of samples: ZEA was found in summer (220-240 ?g/kg) and in spring (240 ?g/kg) in concentrate samples; OTA was detected in winter in dried corn silage (16 ?g/kg) and in spring (12 ?g/kg); all samples were AB1 free.

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Mycobiota and aflatoxin B1 in poultry feeds

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1901061k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Vesna Krnjaja ◽

Tanja Petrovic ◽

Slavica Stankovic ◽

Milos Lukic ◽

Zdenka Skrbic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Assay Method ◽

Plate Count ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Fungal Contamination ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

Feed Samples

In this study, a total of 30 poultry (chicken and laying hens) feed samples collected from different poultry farms in Serbia in 2016 were tested for fungal and aflatoxin contamination. Using the plate count and standard mycological methods, total fungal counts and potentially toxigenic fungal genera were determined. Natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay) method. The total fungal count was in the range from 1 x 102 (2 log CFU g-1) to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1 (5.26 log CFU g-1). The majority of the chicken feeds (78.57%) had the total fungal count in the ranged from 1 x 102 to 4.8 x 104 CFU g-1, whereas in 68.75% of the laying hens feeds it was ranged from 5.3 x 104 to 1.83 x 105 CFU g-1. In 21.43% of the chicken feeds fungal contamination reached the level above the regulation limits. Three potentially toxigenic fungal genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, have been identified. In the tested poultry feed samples, more samples contaminated with Aspergillus were determined compared to samples contaminated by Fusarium and Penicillium species. The AFB1 was detected in concentrations from 1.34 to 18.29?g kg-1, with an average of 4.47 and 4.56?g kg-1 in the chicken and laying hens feed samples, respectively. In 14.29% of the chicken feeds, the level of AFB1 was above the regulation limits. The obtained results confirmed the importance of continuous mycological and mycotoxicological control of poultry feed, as well as need to improve risk assessments of such contaminants along the food chain.

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Lung Function Test for Workers and its Quality Control Program

Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.187 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Jung Keun Choi ◽

Mi A Son ◽

Hyun Kyung Kim ◽

Domyung Paek ◽

Byung Soon Choi

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Lung Function ◽

Control Program ◽

Lung Function Test ◽

Quality Control Program ◽

Function Test

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Quality Control Program for Medical Ultrasound

Al-Azhar University Journal of Virus Researches and Studies ◽

10.21608/aujv.2018.21055 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Medical Ultrasound ◽

Quality Control Program

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Application of an Innovative Model for the Risk Management of COVID-19 in a Multinational Manufacturing Company

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5771

Author(s):

Piero Lovreglio ◽

Angela Stufano ◽

Francesco Cagnazzo ◽

Nicola Bartolomeo ◽

Ivo Iavicoli

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Manufacturing Plants ◽

Model Combining ◽

Innovative Model ◽

Global Prevention ◽

The Relationship ◽

Physician Team ◽

The Eu

The COVID-19 incidence in 61 manufacturing plants in Europe (EU), North America (NA) and Latin-America (LATAM) was compared with the incidence observed in the countries where the plants are located in order to evaluate the application of an innovative model for COVID-19 risk management. Firstly, a network of local and global teams was created, including an external university occupational physician team for scientific support. In July 2020, global prevention guidelines for the homogenous management of the pandemic were applied, replacing different site or regional procedures. A tool for COVID-19 monitoring was implemented to investigate the relationship between the incidence rates inside and outside the plants. In the period of May–November 2020, 565 confirmed cases (EU 330, NA 141, LATAM 94) were observed among 20,646 workers with different jobs and tasks, and in the last two months 85% EU and 70% NA cases were recorded. Only in 10% of cases was a possible internal origin of the contagion not excluded. In the EU and NA, unlike LATAM, the COVID-19 incidence rates inside the sites punctually followed the rising trend outside. In conclusion, the model, combining a global approach with the local application of the measures, maintains the sustainability in the manufacturing industry.

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Accreditation of HLA tests and an external quality control program

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.035 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (4-5) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Fatma Savran Oguz

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Control Program ◽

External Quality Control ◽

External Quality ◽

Quality Control Program

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A Case for Regular Aflatoxin Monitoring in Peanut Butter in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from a 3-Year Survey in Zambia

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-542 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

SAMUEL M. C. NJOROGE ◽

LIMBIKANI MATUMBA ◽

KENNEDY KANENGA ◽

MOSES SIAMBI ◽

FARID WALIYAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Peanut Butter ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Batch Number ◽

Sub Saharan

ABSTRACT A 3-year comprehensive analysis of aflatoxin contamination in peanut butter was conducted in Zambia, sub-Saharan Africa. The study analyzed 954 containers of 24 local and imported peanut butter brands collected from shops in Chipata, Mambwe, Petauke, Katete, and Nyimba districts and also in Lusaka from 2012 to 2014. For analysis, a sample included six containers of a single brand, from the same processing batch number and the same shop. Each container was quantitatively analyzed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in six replicates by using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; thus, aflatoxin contamination level of a given sample was derived from an average of 36 test values. Results showed that 73% of the brands tested in 2012 were contaminated with AFB1 levels >20 μg/kg and ranged up to 130 μg/kg. In 2013, 80% of the brands were contaminated with AFB1 levels >20 μg/kg and ranged up to 10,740 μg/kg. Compared with brand data from 2012 and 2013, fewer brands in 2014, i.e., 53%, had aflatoxin B1 levels >20 μg/kg and ranged up to 1,000 μg/kg. Of the eight brands tested repeatedly across the 3-year period, none consistently averaged ≤20 μg/kg. Our survey clearly demonstrates the regular occurrence of high levels of AF B1 in peanut butter in Zambia. Considering that some of the brands tested originated from neighboring countries such as Malawi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, the current findings provide a sub-Saharan regional perspective regarding the safety of peanut butter.

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