scholarly journals Urban-rural gradient detection using multivariate spatial analysis and landscape metrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vizzari ◽  
Maurizia Sigura
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Landscape Pattern Metrics ◽  
Multivariate Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Landscape Gradient ◽  
Modern Landscape

The gradient approach allows for an innovative representation of landscape composition and configuration not presupposing spatial discontinuities typical of the conventional methods of analysis. Also the urban-rural dichotomy can be better understood through a continuous landscape gradient whose characterization changes accordingly to natural and anthropic variables taken into account and to the spatio-temporal scale adopted for the study. The research was aimed at the analysis of an urban-rural gradient within a study area located in central Italy, using spatial indicators associated with urbanization, agriculture and natural elements. A multivariate spatial analysis (MSA) of such indicators enabled the identification of urban, agricultural and natural dominated areas, as well as specific landscape transitions where the most relevant relationships between agriculture and other landscape components were detected. Landscapes derived from MSA were studied by a set of key landscape pattern metrics within a framework oriented to the structural characterization of the whole urban-rural gradient. The results showed two distinct sub-gradients: one urban-agricultural and one agricultural-natural, both characterized by different fringe areas. This application highlighted how the proposed methodology can represent a reliable approach supporting modern landscape planning and management.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of the urban-rural gradient structure: an application in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape (Serra San Bruno, Italy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 827-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Modica ◽  
M. Vizzari ◽  
M. Pollino ◽  
C. R. Fichera ◽  
P. Zoccali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Gradient Structure ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Abstract. The most recent and significant transformations of European landscapes have occurred as a consequence of a series of diffused, varied and often connected phenomena: urban growth and sprawl, agricultural intensification in the most suitable areas and agricultural abandonment in marginal areas. These phenomena can affect dramatically ecosystems' structure and functioning, since certain modifications cause landscape fragmentation while others tend to increase homogeneity. Thus, a thorough comprehension of the evolution trends of landscapes, in particular those linked to urban-rural relations, is crucial for a sustainable landscape planning. In this framework, the main objectives of the present paper are: (a) to investigate Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) transformations and dynamics occurred over the period 1955–2006 in the municipality of Serra San Bruno (Calabria, Italy), an area particularly representative of the Mediterranean mountainous landscape; (b) to compare the settlement growth with the urban planning tools in charge in the study area; (c) to examine the relationship between urban-rural gradient, landscape metrics, demographic and physical variables; (d) to investigate the evolution of urban-rural gradient composition and configuration along significant axes of landscape changes. Data with a high level of detail (minimum mapping unit 0.2 ha) were obtained through the digitisation of historical aerial photographs and digital orthophotos identifying LULC classes according to the Corine Land Cover legend. The investigated period was divided into four significant time intervals, which were specifically analysed to detect LULC changes. Differently from previous studies, in the present research the spatio-temporal analysis of urban-rural gradient was performed through three subsequent steps: (1) kernel density analysis of settlements; (2) analysis of landscape structure by means of metrics calculated using a moving window method; (3) analysis of composition and configuration of the urban-rural gradient within three landscape profiles located along significant axes of LULC change. The use of thematic overlays and transition matrices enabled a precise identification of the LULC changes that had taken place over the examined period. As a result, a detailed description and mapping of the landscape dynamics were obtained. Furthermore, landscape profiling technique, using continuous data, allowed an innovative and valuable approach for analysing and interpreting urban-rural gradient structure over space and time.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Spatial Integration Patterns of Urban Agglomerations along an Inter-City Gradient

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiliang Wan ◽  
Chuxiong Deng ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Rui Jin ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Urban Rural

Understanding the integration process of urban agglomeration is essential for sustainable regional development and urban planning. However, few studies have analyzed the spatial integration patterns of metropolitan regions according to the impacts of landscape ecology along rail transit corridors. This study performed a comprehensive inter-city gradient analysis using landscape metrics and radar charts in order to determine the integration characteristics of an urban agglomeration. Specifically, we analyzed the evolution of spatial heterogeneity and functional landscapes along gradient transects in the Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan (CZT) metropolitan region during the period of 1995–2015. Four landscape functional zones (urban center, urban area, urban–rural fringe, and green core) were identified based on a cluster analysis of landscape composition, connectivity, and fragmentation. The landscape metric NP/LPI (number of patches/largest patch index) was proposed to identify the urban–rural fringe, which revealed that the CZT region exhibited a more aggregated form, characterized by a single-core, continuous development, and the compression of green space. The integration of cities has resulted in continued compression and fragmentation of ecological space. Therefore, strategies for controlling urban expansion should be adopted for sustainable urban development. The proposed method can be used to quantify the integration characteristics of urban agglomerations, providing scientific support for urban landscape planning.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of the urban–rural gradient structure: an application in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape (Serra San Bruno, Italy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Modica ◽  
M. Vizzari ◽  
M. Pollino ◽  
C. R. Fichera ◽  
P. Zoccali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Gradient Structure ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Abstract. The most recent and significant transformations of European landscapes have occurred as a consequence of a series of diffused, varied and often connected phenomena: urban growth and sprawl, agricultural intensification in the most suitable areas and agricultural abandonment in marginal areas. These phenomena can affect dramatically ecosystems' structure and functioning, since certain modifications cause landscape fragmentation while others tend to increase homogeneity. Thus, a thorough comprehension of the evolution trends of landscapes, in particular those linked to urban-rural relations, is crucial for a sustainable landscape planning. In this framework, the main objectives of the present paper are: (a) to investigate Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) transformations and dynamics that occurred over the period 1955–2006 in the municipality of Serra San Bruno (Calabria, Italy), an area particularly representative of the Mediterranean mountainous landscape; (b) to compare the settlement growth with the urban planning tools in charge in the study area; (c) to examine the relationship between urban–rural gradient, landscape metrics, demographic and physical variables; (d) to investigate the evolution of urban–rural gradient composition and configuration along significant axes of landscape changes. Data with a high level of detail (minimum mapping unit 0.2 ha) were obtained through the digitisation of historical aerial photographs and digital orthophotos identifying LULC classes according to the Corine Land Cover legend. The investigated period was divided into four significant time intervals, which were specifically analysed to detect LULC changes. Differently from previous studies, in the present research the spatio-temporal analysis of urban–rural gradient was performed through three subsequent steps: (1) kernel density analysis of settlements; (2) analysis of landscape structure by means of metrics calculated using a moving window method; (3) analysis of composition and configuration of the urban–rural gradient within three landscape profiles located along significant axes of LULC change. The use of thematic overlays and transition matrices enabled a precise identification of the LULC changes that had taken place over the examined period. As a result, a detailed description and mapping of the landscape dynamics were obtained. Furthermore, landscape profiling technique, using continuous data, allowed an innovative and valuable approach for analysing and interpreting urban–rural gradient structure over space and time.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Obstacle Factors of the Urban-Rural Integration of China’s Shrinking Cities in the Context of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Bin Du ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jiaxin He ◽  
Wai Li ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Based on the fundamental concept of sustainable development, this study empirically analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics, formation mechanisms and obstacle factors of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China, from 2008 to 2018. The conclusions are as follows: the overall level of the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China is low; the internal differences of urban-rural integration are also small, and the changes are slow. Next, the space difference is high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north. Moreover, differences exist among different levels of urban agglomerations. Urban economic efficiency, urban resources and environment, urban social equity and rural economic efficiency are the main factors affecting the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities in China. Urban and rural economic efficiency are the two most prominent shortcomings that restrict the urban-rural integration of shrinking cities. The spatial resistance mode of each city is more than the two-system resistance; the main resistance of shrinking cities with a higher level of urban-rural integration also comes from the non-economic field. This study expands the research scope that up till now has ignored the discussion of urban-rural issues in the research of shrinking cities at home and abroad, and provides practical guidance for the sustainable development of shrinking cities in China.

scholarly journals Seasonal patterns of dengue incidence in Thailand across the urban-rural gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifang Bi ◽  
Derek AT Cummings ◽  
Nicholas G. Reich ◽  
Lindsay T. Keegan ◽  
Joshua Kaminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dengue Epidemics

AbstractIn Southeast Asia, endemic dengue follows strong spatio-temporal patterns with major epidemics occurring every 2-5 years. However, important spatio-temporal variation in seasonal dengue epidemics remains poorly understood. Using 13 years (2003-2015) of dengue surveillance data from 926 districts in Thailand and wavelet analysis, we show that rural epidemics lead urban epidemics within a dengue season, both nationally and within health regions. However, local dengue fade-outs are more likely in rural areas than in urban areas during the off season, suggesting rural areas are not the source of viral dispersion. Simple dynamic models show that stronger seasonal forcing in rural areas could explain the inconsistency between earlier rural epidemics and dengue “over wintering” in urban areas. These results add important nuance to earlier work showing the importance of urban areas in driving multi-annual patterns of dengue incidence in Thailand. Feedback between geographically linked locations with markedly different ecology is key to explaining full disease dynamics across urban-rural gradient.

Identification and quantification of urban space in India: Defining urban macro-structures

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1988-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Perez ◽  
Giovanni Fusco ◽  
François Moriconi-Ebrard
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Urban–rural differences seem particularly pronounced in India, especially when based on the official figures provided by the Census of India, which are heavily dependent on the administrative status of settlements. India, one of the world’s most dynamic and populous countries, still possesses an official urbanisation rate lagging well behind other developing economies. To investigate the extent of Indian urbanisation, this article develops a multi-step methodology using indicators specifically conceived for identifying urban structures in India. In this article, an emphasis is given to the conception and to the spatial analysis of two indicators: metropolitan ranking and meta-agglomerations. A method combining these indicators then allows identifying urban macro-structures acting as a larger organising framework in the regional space. Our results show a multitude of different functional areas that have developed specific urban morphologies over time. Some are particularly marked by high values of urban macrocephaly, small settlements taking the shape of nebulae, urban sprawl, etc.

Spatio-Temporal Hot Spot Analysis of Epidemic Diseases Using Geographic Information System for Improved Healthcare

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Uma V. ◽  
Jayanthi Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiology Data ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Using Data

Health-care systems aid in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Epidemiology deals with the demographic study on frequency, distribution and determinants of disease in order to provide better health-care. Today information technology has made data pervasive i.e. data is available anywhere and in abundance. GIS in epidemiology enables prompt services to mankind or people at risk. It brings out health-care services that are amicable for prevention and control of disease spread. This could be achieved when epidemiology data is modeled considering temporal and spatial factors and using data driven computation techniques over such models. This chapter discusses 1) the need for integrating GIS and epidemiology, 2) various case studies that indicates the need for spatial analysis being performed on epidemiologic data, 3) few techniques involved in the spatial analysis, 4) functionalities provided by some of the widely used GIS software packages and tools.

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