scholarly journals A comparison of microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests used in Guyana to diagnose malaria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajini Kurup ◽  
Rena Marks
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Positive Agreement

The aim of this study was to compare rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria with routine microscopy for a prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria and to provide an effective disease management in Guyana. Blood samples were collected randomly from 624 patients with clinical suspicion of malaria from four private hospitals in Georgetown, Guyana. The five different test methods [Paramax-3, Optimal-IT, VISITECT Malaria Combo PAN/Pf, Standard Diagnostic (SD) Bioline and conventional Giemsa stain microscopy] were performed independently by well trained and competent laboratory staff to assess the presence of malaria parasites. Results from the rapid diagnostic kits were analyzed and compared to those obtained by general microscopy. Of the 624 patients involved in the study, 197 (31.6%) tested positive and 427 (68.4%) tested negative to RDT whereas 190 (30.4%) tested positive and 434 (69.6%) tested negative to microscopy. The positive agreement index between RDT and microscopy was 89%. A comparison of microscopy with the RDTs, Paramax, Opitmal- IT, Omega, SD, showed a positive agreement index of 93%, 86%, 80% and 86%, respectively. The study, therefore, highlights the importance of both methods in diagnosis of malaria in endemic areas. Microscopy is the more reliable method in rural areas where malaria is most prevalent. RDT offers a good alternative, being an easy and rapid method that does not require an experienced laboratory technician.

scholarly journals Comparative Sensitivities and Specificities of Four Rapid Influenza A Antigen Detection Kits for Detection of H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Shu Shen ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
Haiwei Zhou ◽  
Yabin Tian ◽  
Donglai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Seasonal Epidemics ◽  
Positive Results

<p>Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of pandemic influenza A virus are valuable for their ease using and accurate diagnosis of influenza. Many rapid influenza diagnostic kits were introduced recently. Hence, the sensitivities and specificities of them for testing influenza viruses need to monitor. In this study, the sensitivities and specificities of four diagnostic immunochromatographic assay kits for H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 were evaluated. For the detection of the three H1N1, three H3N2 and one H5N1 virus line, rapid diagnostic tests exhibited excellent specificity (all positive). And no false-positive results were obtained. They differed in respect to the sensitivity, especially in the lower haemagglutinin titer. However, all of them achieve the requirements of National Institutes for food and drug Control (NIFDC). Commercial influenza immunochromatographic assay kits are useful tools for the rapid diagnosis of influenza. Nonetheless, confirmatory testing is always recommended.</p>

Use of Influenza Rapid Diagnostic Tests

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
WHO
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Chronic Wasting Disease Options of Surveillance in Carpathian Cervids: from the Identification of Characteristic Microscopic Pathologic Changes to Prionic Seeded Conversion and Amplification Assays

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
Florica Barbuceanu ◽  
Stelian Baraitareanu ◽  
Stefania-Felicia Barbuceanu ◽  
Gabriel Predoi
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Western Immunoblotting ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Antigen Capture ◽  
Confirmatory Tests

This paper describes the current diagnostic methods of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in cervides used between 2013 and 2017 in Romania. The active surveillance of CWD involves the targeted groups screening by using rapid diagnostic tests (e.g., antigen capture enzyme immunoassay). If the first test does not provide certain negative results, then the confirmatory methods have been used, i.e. histopathology, immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. These tests did not lead to the detection of CWD prions (PrPCWD) in Romania. This may be due to the absence or insufficient quantity of PrPCWD in samples, below the threshold of confirmatory tests.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of rapid diagnostic tests on Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea: a cost–benefit analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e004292
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Jiyeon Suh ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Heun Choi ◽  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing Plasmodium vivax malaria, especially in resource-limited countries. However, the impact of RDTs on P. vivax malaria incidence and national medical costs has not been evaluated. We assessed the impact of RDT implementation on P. vivax malaria incidence and overall medical expenditures in South Korea and performed a cost–benefit analysis from the payer’s perspective.MethodsWe developed a dynamic compartmental model for P. vivax malaria transmission in South Korea using delay differential equations. Long latency and seasonality were incorporated into the model, which was calibrated to civilian malaria incidences during 2014–2018. We then estimated averted malaria cases and total medical costs from two diagnostic scenarios: microscopy only and both microscopy and RDTs. Medical costs were extracted based on data from a hospital in an at-risk area for P. vivax malaria and were validated using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of RDTs using the incremental benefit:cost ratio (IBCR) considering only medical costs and performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to reflect the uncertainties of model parameters, costs and benefits.ResultsThe results showed that 55.3% of new P. vivax malaria cases were averted, and $696 214 in medical costs was saved over 10 years after RDT introduction. The estimated IBCR was 2.5, indicating that RDT implementation was beneficial, compared with microscopy alone. The IBCR was sensitive to the diagnosis time reduction, infectious period and short latency period, and provided beneficial results in a benefit over $10.6 or RDT cost under $39.7.ConclusionsThe model simulation suggested that RDTs could significantly reduce P. vivax malaria incidence and medical costs. Moreover, cost–benefit analysis demonstrated that the introduction of RDTs was beneficial over microscopy alone. These results support the need for widespread adoption of RDTs.

scholarly journals Supporting Smartphone-Based Image Capture of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Low-Resource Settings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjong Park ◽  
Alex Mariakakis ◽  
Jane Yang ◽  
Diego Lassala ◽  
Yasamba Djiguiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource

scholarly journals The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvie Loufouma Mbouaka ◽  
Michelle Gamble ◽  
Christina Wurst ◽  
Heidi Yoko Jäger ◽  
Frank Maixner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site ◽  
Capture Sequencing

AbstractAlthough malaria is one of the oldest and most widely distributed diseases affecting humans, identifying and characterizing its presence in ancient human remains continue to challenge researchers. We attempted to establish a reliable approach to detecting malaria in human skeletons using multiple avenues of analysis: macroscopic observations, rapid diagnostic tests, and shotgun-capture sequencing techniques, to identify pathological changes, Plasmodium antigens, and Plasmodium DNA, respectively. Bone and tooth samples from ten individuals who displayed skeletal lesions associated with anaemia, from a site in southern Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD), were selected. Plasmodium antigens were detected in five of the ten bone samples, and traces of Plasmodium aDNA were detected in six of the twenty bone and tooth samples. There was relatively good synchronicity between the biomolecular findings, despite not being able to authenticate the results. This study highlights the complexity and limitations in the conclusive identification of the Plasmodium parasite in ancient human skeletons. Limitations regarding antigen and aDNA preservation and the importance of sample selection are at the forefront of the search for malaria in the past. We confirm that, currently, palaeopathological changes such as cribra orbitalia are not enough to be certain of the presence of malaria. While biomolecular methods are likely the best chance for conclusive identification, we were unable to obtain results which correspond to the current authentication criteria of biomolecules. This study represents an important contribution in the refinement of biomolecular techniques used; also, it raises new insight regarding the consistency of combining several approaches in the identification of malaria in past populations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Antibody Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests Show High Cross-Reactivity When Challenged with Pre-Pandemic Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Dengue Samples

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Fien Vanroye ◽  
Dorien Van den Bossche ◽  
Isabel Brosius ◽  
Bieke Tack ◽  
Marjan Van Esbroeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Independent Evaluation

COVID-19 Antibody Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests (COVID-19 Ab RDTs) are the preferred tool for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The present study challenged COVID-19 Ab RDTs with pre-pandemic samples of patients exposed to tropical pathogens. A retrospective study was performed on archived serum (n = 94) and EDTA whole blood (n = 126) samples obtained during 2010–2018 from 196 travelers with malaria (n = 170), schistosomiasis (n = 25) and dengue (n = 25). COVID-19 Ab RDTs were selected based on regulatory approval status, independent evaluation results and detecting antigens. Among 13 COVID-19 Ab RDT products, overall cross-reactivity was 18.5%; cross-reactivity for malaria, schistosomiasis and dengue was 20.3%, 18.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Cross-reactivity for current and recent malaria, malaria antibodies, Plasmodium species and parasite densities was similar. Cross-reactivity among the different RDT products ranged from 2.7% to 48.9% (median value 14.5%). IgM represented 67.9% of cross-reactive test lines. Cross-reactivity was not associated with detecting antigens, patient categories or disease (sub)groups, except for schistosomiasis (two products with ≥60% cross-reactivity). The high cross-reactivity for malaria, schistosomiasis and—to a lesser extent—dengue calls for risk mitigation when using COVID-19 Ab RDTs in co-endemic regions.

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