scholarly journals Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: Blizzard of lung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Mittal ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Juvva Kishan Srikanth ◽  
Siddharth Raj Yadav ◽  
Ravi Chandak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Normal Calcium

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare inherited disorder in which patients present with either nonspecific signs and symptoms or are asymptomatic. Clinical-radiological dissociation is a commonly seen feature of the disease. Majority of cases are diagnosed in second and third decade of life, although presentation in paediatric and elderly population is also reported. Pathognomonic radiological findings, with normal calcium and phosphate levels can confirm the diagnosis without the need of further investigations in large number of cases. A high index of suspicion and knowledge of the disease is of paramount importance as it has a wide range of presentation and variable course thus posing a diagnostic challenge. We present two cases of this rare disease in elderly females with distinct presentations although with similar and characteristic radiological findings along with a brief review of literature of the disease.

scholarly journals Idiopathic retroperitoneal haematoma causing duodenal obstruction: a case report and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. e209-e212
Author(s):  
N Merali ◽  
G Singh ◽  
A Ghorpade ◽  
S Shirol ◽  
S Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Retroperitoneal Haematoma ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Idiopathic retroperitoneal haematoma is a rare clinical entity; resulting duodenal obstruction is even more occult. It can pose a diagnostic challenge due to variable presentations. Timely management requires a high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach. Surgery is indicated in patients refractory to conservative treatment and failure of endoscopic or interventional radiology options. We report an interesting case illustrating the rarity and severity of this condition, with a review of the literature.

scholarly journals Brucella Shunt Infection Complicated by Peritonitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Rawan Al-Qarhi ◽  
Mona Al-Dabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Csf Shunt Infection ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in the Mediterranean basin and Middle East. The disease remains a diagnostic challenge due to an increasing trend of ambiguous and non-specific manifestations. We report a rare case of a 9-year-old boy who had a left frontotemporal arachnoid cyst with cystoperitoneal shunt who presented with fever for 2 weeks with gastrointestinal symptoms. He had no neurological manifestations. Diagnosis of Brucella shunt infection complicated with a peritoneal collection was established by isolation of the organism from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. Successful treatment was accomplished by shunt replacement and intravenous antibiotics followed by step-down oral therapy for an 18-month duration based on serological and radiological responses with no sequelae. We also reviewed the reported cases of CSF shunt infection in the literature for further guidance. Brucella shunt infection may be difficult to diagnose due to the diversity of signs and symptoms and the low yield on culture. Brucellosis should be always kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients living in endemic area with fever and non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion. In addition to drug therapy, device replacement is advised to prevent treatment failure.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: A commonly misdiagnosed rare entity

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkesh Khurana ◽  
Rajesh Malik ◽  
Jitendra Sharma ◽  
Ujjawal Khurana ◽  
Abhishek Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
Lavage Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alveolar Microlithiasis

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is an uncommon entity which can pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a 45-year-old female who was referred to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, in 2017 with a two-year history of progressively worsening dyspnoea and dry coughing. She had been previously diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis elsewhere and prescribed antitubercular therapy; however, there was little improvement in her symptoms. Following referral, the patient was diagnosed with PAM based on high-resolution computed tomography findings and the abundance of lamellar microliths in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample. She was subsequently managed symptomatically and enrolled in a rehabilitation programme.Keywords: Calcinosis; Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Misdiagnosis; Case Report; India.

Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis in Children: Case Series and Review of Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Meenu Singh ◽  
Arushi G. Saini ◽  
Joseph Mathew ◽  
Uma Nahar ◽  
Kim Vaiphei
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
Alveolar Microlithiasis

scholarly journals Epidemiological, clinical profile and outcome of multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) admitted in government tertiary care hospital of Kanyakumari district

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Steeve Gnana Samuel ◽  
Suresh Placode Monikanta ◽  
Arul Prasath Subramoniam Vasudevan ◽  
Nagalekshmi Rajamanickam
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Intensive Care Treatment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

We report twelve children with a median age of 7 year (IQR 3years to 12 years) who fulfilled MIS-C WHO criteria. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Affected children had gastrointestinal symptoms (92%), respiratory symptoms (67%), cardiovascular symptoms (58%), neurological symptoms (50%), renal symptoms (33%), followed by muco-cutaneous manifestations (25%). 83% of children had lymphocytopenia. It was found that lymphocytopenia was directly correlated to disease severity. The majority of the children had elevated CRP, transaminase, and deranged coagulation profiles. All 4 systems were involved in 7 children (58%). Intensive care treatment was required for all the cases (100%). There were no deaths. Children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated MIS-C can present with a wide range of signs and symptoms. They can deteriorate quickly and hence a high index of suspicion; early referral and early initiation of treatment with steroids and IVIg can save the lives of children with MIS-C.

scholarly journals Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: report of two brothers with the same illness and review of literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (mar31 1) ◽  
pp. bcr2013201300-bcr2013201300
Author(s):  
H. Al-Sardar ◽  
D. J. S. Al-Habbo ◽  
R. M. A. Al-Hayali
Keyword(s):  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis ◽  
Alveolar Microlithiasis

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Hamartoma in Children: A Diagnostic Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rehan Khan ◽  
Larry A. Binkovitz ◽  
Thomas C. Smyrk ◽  
D. Dean Potter ◽  
Katryn N. Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mesenchymal Hamartoma ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Caroli Syndrome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Mesenchymal hamartoma is a benign tumor of the liver with a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is uncommon in older children, especially after 2 years of age. The signs and symptoms may be nonspecific; therefore, a high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis and treatment. We report a 5-year-old previously healthy male who presented with acute abdominal pain, fatigue, and fever. He was diagnosed with pneumonia initially and treated with antibiotics. A computed tomography (CT) scan done for evaluation of his persistent abdominal pain demonstrated a hepatic mass. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver demonstrated multiple serpiginous tubular-type structures, read as possible Caroli syndrome. He had a normal abdominal examination and normal biochemistries including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-fetoprotein. He was referred to our institution for second opinion. On further review of his imaging studies, the lesion was thought to be a mesenchymal hamartoma. He subsequently underwent resection of the mass. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of mesenchymal hamartoma.

PULMONARY TALCOSIS: A Foreign body granulomatous lung disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufisayo Otusanya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Mycobacterial Disease ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Atypical Mycobacterium ◽  
Mycobacterium Infection ◽  
Granulomatous Lung Disease ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Pulmonary Talcosis is a rare foreign body granulomatous disease that occurs as a result of exposure to talc either by inhalation of talc particles or via intravascular injection of talc containing medications. Pulmonary Talcosis is often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterium infection or sarcoidosis as many of their clinical and radiological findings overlap. We report a case of talcosis mimicking mycobacterial disease which was eventually diagnosed via lung biopsy. A detailed history and high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

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