scholarly journals Prevention of respiratory tract infections with bacterial lysate OM-85 bronchomunal in children and adults: a state of the art

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando De Benedetto ◽  
Gianfranco Sevieri
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bacterial Lysate ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bacterial Lysates ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and also represent a cause of death in some parts of the world. The treatment of RTIs implies a continuous search for stronger therapies and represents an economical burden for health services and society. In this context the prevention of infections is absolutely required. The use of bacterial lysates as immuno-modulators to boost immunological response is widely debated. Aim of this review is to summarize the main clinical studies on the effect of the bacterial lysate OM-85 in treating RTIs in susceptible subjects - namely children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-affected adults. Results from clinical trials and recent systematic reviews are reported. The results show that mean number of RTIs decreases upon treatment with OM-85, as measured by frequency of exacerbations or number of antibiotic courses. Data from systematic reviews indicated that OM-85 is particularly beneficial in children at high risk of RTIs. In COPD-affected adults, clinical studies showed that treatment with OM-85 reduced exacerbations, although systematic reviews did not legitimate the protective effect of OM-85 toward COPD as significant. The use of OM-85 could be efficacious in reducing exacerbation frequency of RTIs in children and adults at risk. However further high-quality studies are needed to better explain the mechanism of action and confirm the beneficial results of OM85.

scholarly journals Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Incidence, Microbiology and Outcome of Ventilator-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rouzé ◽  
Pauline Boddaert ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Loeches ◽  
Pedro Povoa ◽  
Alejandro Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

Objectives: To determine the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on incidence, microbiology, and outcomes of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI). Methods: Planned ancillary analysis of TAVeM study, including 2960 consecutive adult patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) > 48 h. COPD patients (n = 494) were compared to non-COPD patients (n = 2466). The diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was based on clinical, radiological and quantitative microbiological criteria. Results: No significant difference was found in VAP (12% versus 13%, p = 0.931), or VAT incidence (13% versus 10%, p = 0.093) between COPD and non-COPD patients. Among patients with VA-LRTI, Escherichia coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were significantly more frequent in COPD patients as compared with non-COPD patients. However, COPD had no significant impact on multidrug-resistant bacteria incidence. Appropriate antibiotic treatment was not significantly associated with progression from VAT to VAP among COPD patients who developed VAT, unlike non-COPD patients. Among COPD patients, patients who developed VAT or VAP had significantly longer MV duration (17 days (9–30) or 15 (8–27) versus 7 (4–12), p < 0.001) and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (24 (17–39) or 21 (14–40) versus 12 (8–19), p < 0.001) than patients without VA-LRTI. ICU mortality was also higher in COPD patients who developed VAP (44%), but not VAT(38%), as compared to no VA-LRTI (26%, p = 0.006). These worse outcomes associated with VA-LRTI were similar among non-COPD patients. Conclusions: COPD had no significant impact on incidence or outcomes of patients who developed VAP or VAT.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4095
Author(s):  
Abdulrhman Alsayari ◽  
Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah ◽  
Dalia Almaghaslah ◽  
Sivakumar Annadurai ◽  
Shadma Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections are underestimated, as they are mild and generally not incapacitating. In clinical medicine, however, these infections are considered a prevalent problem. By 2030, the third most comprehensive reason for death worldwide will be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the World Health Organization. The current arsenal of anti-inflammatory drugs shows little or no benefits against COPD. For thousands of years, herbal drugs have been used to cure numerous illnesses; they exhibit promising results and enhance physical performance. Ginseng is one such herbal medicine, known to alleviate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) formed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of ginsenoside are still not fully understood. Various clinical trials of ginseng have exhibited a reduction of repeated colds and the flu. In this review, ginseng’s structural features, the pathogenicity of microbial infections, and the immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects of ginseng were discussed. The focus was on the latest animal studies and human clinical trials that corroborate ginseng’s role as a therapy for treating respiratory tract infections. The article concluded with future directions and significant challenges. This review would be a valuable addition to the knowledge base for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in treating respiratory tract infections. Further analysis needs to be re-focused on clinical trials to study ginseng’s efficacy and safety in treating pathogenic infections and in determining ginseng-drug interactions.

scholarly journals Strategi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Katingan Dalam Penanganan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Gambut Di Kecamatan Katingan Hilir Kabupaten Katingan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Leda Al Muqsith ◽  
Rinto Rinto
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Infections

Forest fires and peatlands affect the destruction of the ecosystem and the manhood of the flora and fauna that grows and lives in the forest. The smoke caused also becomes air pollution that can cause diseases of the respiratory tract such as upper respiratory tract infections (ISPA), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Also, smoke can interfere with visibility, especially for aviation transport. The BPBD of Katingan Regency became the hope of the government in the handling of forest and land fires, so that forest fires and peatlands can be reduced annually. This research aims to know the strategy of BPBD in Katingan Regency in the handling of fire and peat land in Katingan district downstream of Katingan Regency. The research approach used is qualitative. Results Adapaun shows that the BPBD strategy of Katingan Regency in the implementation of forest fire and peatland in the region of Katingan Hilir, by involving the human resources that exist in the BPBD regency of Katingan.

scholarly journals Appropriate antibiotic management of bacterial lower respiratory tract infections

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Feldman ◽  
Guy Richards
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of infectious disease deaths worldwide and are the fifth leading cause of death overall. This is despite conditions such as pneumococcal infections and influenza being largely preventable with the use of appropriate vaccines. The mainstay of treatment for the most important bacterial lower respiratory tract infections, namely acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is the use of antibiotics. Yet despite a number of recent publications, including clinical studies as well as several systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses, there is considerable ongoing controversy as to what the most appropriate antibiotics are for the empiric therapy of CAP in the different settings (outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care unit). Furthermore, in the case of AECOPD, there is a need for consideration of which of these exacerbations actually need antibiotic treatment. This article describes these issues and makes suggestions for appropriately managing these conditions, in the setting of the need for antimicrobial stewardship initiatives designed to slow current emerging rates of antibiotic resistance, while improving patient outcomes.

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