scholarly journals Clinical features of drug-induced Parkinsonism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Shiraiwa ◽  
Akira Tamaoka ◽  
Norio Ohkoshi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Neuromuscular Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Discomfort ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Causative Drug ◽  
Yahr Scale

Drug-induced Parkinsonism is often reversible after withdrawal of the causative drug. Its clinical course, however, is not well understood, as the majority of cases are caused by drugs prescribed by departments outside of neurology. We reviewed 21 cases of drug-induced parkinsonism for several factors, including age, sex, causative drug and reason for prescription, department by which it was prescribed, and outcome. The age at onset ranged from 40 to 87 years, with an average Hoehn and Yahr Scale score of 4, indicating severe disability. Sulpiride was the most commonly observed causative drug (71.4%). All causative drugs were prescribed in non-neurological departments and over one half were prescribed in non-psychiatric departments; most were prescribed to treat depression or abdominal discomfort. Ten patients (48%) were previously diagnosed with a neuromuscular disease, including cerebrovascular diseases and Parkinson’s disease. Recovery was observed in 15 cases (71%) after withdrawal of the causative drug, but lingering symptoms were observed in the remaining cases. It is suggested that physicians should be more cautious of Parkinsonian side effects when prescribing such drugs.

Dyskinesia, Motor Stereotypies, and Tics

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Shibasaki ◽  
Mark Hallett ◽  
Kailash P. Bhatia ◽  
Stephen G. Reich ◽  
Bettina Balint
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Infectious Encephalitis

Dyskinesia is characterized by complex, irregular involuntary movements involving lips, tongue, extremities, and/or trunk. The term “dyskinesia” is often used to encompass complex involuntary movements that do not fit into another category of involuntary movements. Focal dyskinesia is commonly seen in the lips and tongue (orolingual dyskinesia or oral dyskinesia). Drug side effects are the most common cause of generalized dyskinesia, usually those that influence dopamine such as L-dopa and neuroleptics (drug-induced dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia). Motor stereotypies are repetitive occurrences of the same movements; movements commonly encountered in this condition range from simple movements like shaking arms and nodding to complex movements. Motor stereotypies are commonly observed in children with Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome and other automatisms, and mental retardation. In adults, stereotyped movements are seen in cases of severe infectious encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis (e.g., limbic encephalitis), cerebrovascular diseases involving the frontal lobe, and neurodegenerative diseases like frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Tics are irregular, typically brisk movements ranging from shock-like simple movements resembling myoclonus (simple tic) to complex movements (complex tic). Patients with tics tend to repeat certain movements like blinking or grimacing, but in the patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, tics appear as a variety of movements including vocalization (vocal tic). These patients can stop the movements for several seconds, but it is often followed by rebound; they often feel an urge to move before a bout of tics and feel release after the bout.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy and Malnutrition Management of Elderly Perioperative Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1961
Author(s):  
Eiji Kose ◽  
Hidetaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Nobuhiro Yasuno
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Malnutrition, which commonly occurs in perioperative patients with cancer, leads to decreased muscle mass, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, thereby increasing the patient’s risk of various complications. Thus, the nutritional management of perioperative patients with cancer should be focused on to ensure that surgical treatment is safe and effective, postoperative complications are prevented, and mortality is reduced. Pathophysiological and drug-induced factors in elderly patients with cancer are associated with the risk of developing malnutrition. Pathophysiological factors include the effects of tumors, cachexia, and anorexia of aging. Metabolic changes, such as inflammation, excess catabolism, and anabolic resistance in patients with tumor-induced cancer alter the body’s ability to use essential nutrients. Drug-induced factors include the side effects of anticancer drugs and polypharmacy. Drug–drug, drug–disease, drug–nutrient, and drug–food interactions can significantly affect the patient’s nutritional status. Furthermore, malnutrition may affect pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, potentiate drug effects, and cause side effects. This review outlines polypharmacy and malnutrition, the impact of malnutrition on drug efficacy, drug–nutrient and drug–food interactions, and intervention effects on polypharmacy or cancer cachexia in elderly perioperative patients with cancer.

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis With Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin ◽  
Manar Al Asad ◽  
Lindsay Scratchko ◽  
Ghulam Khaleeq
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis ◽  
Left Lower Extremity ◽  
Causative Drug ◽  
Diffuse Erythema ◽  
Exanthematous Pustulosis

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare condition characterized by sterile pustules on erythematous and edematous tissue. Mostly drug induced, this condition can also be caused by other factors. Cases due to vancomycin are rare. A 67-year-old woman with cellulitis of the left lower extremity was admitted with marked bilateral lymphedema of the lower extremities and diffuse erythema of the left lower extremity from foot to knee. She was given clindamycin and then vancomycin. On day 5, her condition worsened, with erythema involving the entire back. Although treatment with clindamycin and vancomycin was discontinued, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis developed. After successful treatment of other complications, the skin condition improved. Because vancomycin is frequently used, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Because the pustulosis decreases after withdrawal of the causative drug, being able to diagnose and differentiate the abnormality from other conditions is prudent.

scholarly journals A Review of Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions Resulting from the Use of Interferon and Ribavirin

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Mistry ◽  
Jonathan Shapero ◽  
Richard I Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Injection Site Reactions ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Systemic Drug

Drug-induced cutaneous eruptions are named among the most common side effects of many medications. Thus, cutaneous drug eruptions are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in hospital settings. The present article reviews different presentations of drug-induced cutaneous eruptions, with a focus on eruptions reported secondary to the use of interferon and ribavirin. Presentations include injection site reactions, psoriasis, eczematous drug reactions, alopecia, sarcoidosis, lupus, fixed drug eruptions, pigmentary changes and lichenoid eruptions. Also reviewed are findings regarding life-threatening systemic drug reactions.

scholarly journals Impact of pharmacological agents on mitochondrial function: a growing opportunity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Stoker ◽  
Emma Newport ◽  
James C. Hulit ◽  
A. Phillip West ◽  
Karl J. Morten
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Target Effects

Present-day drug therapies provide clear beneficial effects as many diseases can be driven into remission and the symptoms of others can be efficiently managed; however, the success of many drugs is limited due to both patient non-compliance and adverse off-target or toxicity-induced effects. There is emerging evidence that many of these side effects are caused by drug-induced impairment of mitochondrial function and eventual mitochondrial dysfunction. It is imperative to understand how and why drug-induced side effects occur and how mitochondrial function is affected. In an aging population, age-associated drug toxicity is another key area of focus as the majority of patients on medication are older. Therefore, with an aging population possessing subtle or even more dramatic individual differences in mitochondrial function, there is a growing necessity to identify and understand early on potentially significant drug-associated off-target effects and toxicity issues. This will not only reduce the number of unwanted side effects linked to mitochondrial toxicity but also identify useful mitochondrial-modulating agents. Mechanistically, many successful drug classes including diabetic treatments, antibiotics, chemotherapies and antiviral agents have been linked to mitochondrial targeted effects. This is a growing area, with research to repurpose current medications affecting mitochondrial function being assessed in cancer, the immune system and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the effects that pharmacological agents have on mitochondrial function and explore the opportunities from these effects as potential disease treatments. Our focus will be on cancer treatment and immune modulation.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis following Treatment with Zoledronic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sarah Schneider ◽  
Matteo Montani ◽  
Felix Stickel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Adverse drug reactions are among the most frequent side effects of synthetic and complementary alternative drugs and represent the premier causes of license revocations and acute liver failure. Drug-induced liver injury can resemble literally any other genuine liver disease and usually responds well to drug dechallenge. However, in some cases autoimmune-like hepatitis can evolve, requiring short- and sometimes long-term immunosuppression. Here, we present the hitherto first case of autoimmune-like hepatitis following treatment with zoledronic acid.

scholarly journals DRUG INDUCED DERMATOLOGICAL REACTION OF THE 100 MOST COMMONLY PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS IN UK HOSPITALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED AL-ABADIE ◽  
FARIS OUMEISH ◽  
MOHAMMED AL-RUBAYE ◽  
DINA AL-ABADIE ◽  
PATRICK ANTHONY BALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Medication Side ◽  
Drug Adverse Reaction ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Dermatological Side Effects

Objective: It is commonly reported that medicines have side effects related to dermatological practice. However, it is extremely difficult to establish how commonly, or rarely skin-related medication side effects occur. Common dermatological side effects include rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity. Objective: To demonstrate the dermatological side-effects of the most commonly prescribed medications in the United Kingdom. Methods: This paper discusses dermatological side-effects of the commonly prescribed medications, including uncommon or rare manifestations such as angioedema and Stevens - Johnson syndrome (SJS). The list used for the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United Kingdom was created by nurses. This list was compared to the British National Formulary to demonstrate the reported frequency of occurrence of dermatological side-effects or complications. Conclusion: The top 100 prescribed medication cause a number of dermatological side effects that need to be considered when they are prescribed to patients who have pre-existing skin conditions. Additionally, when confronted with a common dermatological problem in any patient, clinicians should always consider the possibility of a drug adverse reaction.

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