scholarly journals A Review of Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions Resulting from the Use of Interferon and Ribavirin

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Mistry ◽  
Jonathan Shapero ◽  
Richard I Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Injection Site Reactions ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Systemic Drug

Drug-induced cutaneous eruptions are named among the most common side effects of many medications. Thus, cutaneous drug eruptions are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in hospital settings. The present article reviews different presentations of drug-induced cutaneous eruptions, with a focus on eruptions reported secondary to the use of interferon and ribavirin. Presentations include injection site reactions, psoriasis, eczematous drug reactions, alopecia, sarcoidosis, lupus, fixed drug eruptions, pigmentary changes and lichenoid eruptions. Also reviewed are findings regarding life-threatening systemic drug reactions.

Cutaneous reactions to drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 5752-5760
Author(s):  
Sarah Walsh ◽  
Daniel Creamer ◽  
Haur Yueh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Iatrogenic Illness ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Adverse reactions to medications are common and important cause of iatrogenic illness. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions include toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, which together constitute 2% of all adverse drug reactions and may be life-threatening. Less severe drug-induced skin reactions such as exanthems, urticaria, lichenoid drug rashes, and fixed drug eruptions are more common, sometimes termed benign cutaneous adverse reactions, and generally resolve without sequelae. Drugs may also cause adverse events due to alteration of the normal function of the skin or its appendages. This may take the form of photosensitivity, abnormal pigmentation, or disrupted growth of hair or nails.

scholarly journals Adverse cutaneous drug reactions reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Manika Bose ◽  
Debasish Misra ◽  
Sansita Parida ◽  
Smita Das ◽  
Swati Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Cutaneous Reactions ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Major Drug ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reaction

Background: Any unwanted changes to mucous membrane, skin, its appendages and drug eruptions related adverse events are known as adverse cutaneous drug reaction (ACDR). It has 2-5% incidence in developing countries. The current study was undertaken to analyse adverse cutaneous drug reactions spectrum clinically, drugs responsible, assessment of causality, severity, and preventability in our setup.Methods: Current study was an observational, retrospective, non-interventional analysis of voluntarily reported ADRs forms, between April 2018 and January 2020.  All cutaneous ADRs reported within this period were identified. Data obtained were expressed in numbers, percentages.Results: 130 cutaneous ADRs was reported during the period of study. Fixed drug eruptions (30%) was the most common cutaneous reaction. The most common causal drug groups were antimicrobials (58.5%). Amongst antimicrobials, ornidazole (8.5%) was the most common drug. The most common drug in NSAID group was paracetamol (14.6%). The major drug causing ACDRs in our study was Paracetamol (14.6%). Assessment of causality revealed 37.7% were probable and 62.3% were possible reactions. Assessment of severity showed 78.5% as mild and 21.5% as moderate. Assessment of preventability showed that 6.1% probably preventable and 93.9% not preventable.Conclusions: Knowledge of the pattern of cutaneous reactions and the causative drugs guides us in early diagnosis of the condition, better management and associated decrease in morbidity, mortality. In the current study, the most common causal drug group were antimicrobials. The most common morphological pattern and drug causing ACDRs were fixed drug eruptions and paracetamol, respectively.

Clinical pattern and causative agents of adverse cutaneous drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital SKIMS Soura Srinagar.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Zahoor A Wafai ◽  
Ajaz Koul
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions

Background: Adverse drug reactions are the most frequent side effects of drugs. Most of them being benign but can prove fatal sometimes. Aim: To study the different clinical spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and to determine causative drugs. Methods: It was a prospective hospital based study carried out for a period of 3 years. It was part of continuous adverse drug reaction monitoring carried out by our pharmacovigilance center at SKIMS. Results: Out of 1225 total adverse drug reactions 685 were enrolled as cutaneous ADR’s. Most common types observed were maculopapular rash (43.9%), fixed drug eruptions (36.2%) and urticaria (15.1%). The drugs most incriminated for various cutaneous ADR’s were antimicrobials (48.7%), anticonvulsants (22%), and NSAIDS (17.9%). Antimicrobials were also responsible for maximum of (58.3%) of severe cutaneous ADR’s like TEN and SJS. Conclusion: Pattern of cutaneous ADR’s and their causative drugs are similar to those observed in other regions with small variations, as reported by similar studies. However, due to emergence of newer drugs and differing trends in use of drugs, both pattern of cutaneous ADR’s as well as drugs causing them are changing every year. Further studies of similar nature with more expertise are required for safe use of drugs in future. JMS 2017;20(2):73-76  

Azacitidine-induced pneumonitis and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e236349
Author(s):  
Paul Nguyen ◽  
Jawarya Safdar ◽  
Abdelaziz Mohamed ◽  
Ayman Soubani
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Injection Site Reactions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents ◽  
Acute Myeloid

We present a case of azacitidine-induced pneumonitis which is a rare adverse drug reaction and reported in less than 0.1% of cases. Common side effects of azacitidine are weakness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, injection site reactions, insomnia, among others. Our patient received azacitidine to treat her acute myeloid leukaemia and began to develop shortness of breath which progressed to dyspnoea at rest after completing a 7-day course of azacitidine and venetoclax. Initial chest X-ray revealed severe airspace disease for which the patient began receiving broad spectrum antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals therapy. Although infectious workup revealed invasive aspergillosis she did not clinically and radiologically improve despite being on isavuconazole until high-dose glucocorticoids were initiated. This case illustrates the importance of recognising and understanding the potential side effects of azacitidine and other chemotherapy agents as some adverse drug reactions can be life-threatening.

scholarly journals A clinicoepidemiological study of fixed drug eruptions at a tertiary centre of North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Rohini Sharma ◽  
Sameer Abrol
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
North India ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Culprit Drug ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
Fixed Drug

Background: Various studies have found the overall incidence of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR’s) in developed countries as 1-3%, while the incidence in developing countries is thought to be higher between 2 and 5%. FDEs’ share is seen to be about 15 -30% of all CADR’s as reported in various studies. Aim of the research work was to study the clinical and epidemiological features of fixed drug eruptions and to identify probable culprit drug or drugs using Naranjo ADR probability scale and to provide information to the patient regarding the drug responsible for his/her drug rash.Methods: A total of 180 patients of fixed drug eruptions were taken up for study who presented to skin OPD at a tertiary centre of North India. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history of drug intake prior to drug eruption, repetition of similar lesions on same as well as new sites on intake of same drug with improvement of skin lesions on discontinuation of the causative drug. Further on examination, skin lesions with typical morphology compatible with FDE were seen. Causality of the FDE was assessed according to the NARANJO ADR probability scale.Results: A total of 180 patients of FDE were studied. Males outnumbered the females. The most common class of drug implicated was antimicrobials seen in 115 patients followed by NSAIDS 65 patients. Regarding the clinical presentation both skin and mucosal involvement was seen. The most common skin lesions were erythematous to hyperpigmented and violaceous macules followed by bullous FDE.Conclusions: In summary, early recognition of FDE is important not only for the dermatologists but also for the clinicians of other specialties, so that the culprit drug is recognized and stopped immediately. Drug reactions are a common reason for litigation and has medicolegal pitfalls.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis following Treatment with Zoledronic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sarah Schneider ◽  
Matteo Montani ◽  
Felix Stickel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Adverse drug reactions are among the most frequent side effects of synthetic and complementary alternative drugs and represent the premier causes of license revocations and acute liver failure. Drug-induced liver injury can resemble literally any other genuine liver disease and usually responds well to drug dechallenge. However, in some cases autoimmune-like hepatitis can evolve, requiring short- and sometimes long-term immunosuppression. Here, we present the hitherto first case of autoimmune-like hepatitis following treatment with zoledronic acid.

scholarly journals HLA Association with Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Lang Fan ◽  
Meng-Shin Shiao ◽  
Rosaline Chung-Yee Hui ◽  
Shih-Chi Su ◽  
Chuang-Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hla Association ◽  
Hla Genes ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Life Threatening

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a common and major problem in healthcare. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with mortality rate ranges from 10% to more than 30%, can be life threatening. A number of recent studies demonstrated that ADRs possess strong genetic predisposition. ADRs induced by several drugs have been shown to have significant associations with specific alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. For example, hypersensitivity to abacavir, a drug used for treating of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has been proposed to be associated with allele 57:01 of HLA-B gene (terms HLA-B∗57:01). The incidences of abacavir hypersensitivity are much higher in Caucasians compared to other populations due to various allele frequencies in different ethnic populations. The antithyroid drug- (ATDs- ) induced agranulocytosis are strongly associated with two alleles: HLA-B∗38:02 and HLA-DRB1∗08:03. In addition, HLA-B∗15:02 allele was reported to be related to carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN, and HLA-B∗57:01 in abacavir hypersensitivity and flucloxacillin induced drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this review, we summarized the alleles of HLA genes which have been proposed to have association with ADRs caused by different drugs.

scholarly journals Paracetamol induced bullous fixed drug eruptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4800
Author(s):  
Kalyani Pai Kakode ◽  
Varun Pai Kakode
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Good Safety Profile ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Paracetamol is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic with a weak anti-inflammatory action with a good safety profile in children and adults. This has resulted in its over prescription and large over the counter sale. Thus, adverse drug reactions due to paracetamol may be easily overlooked resulting in delay in diagnosis. Author present a case report of a 12 year old boy with bullous fixed drug eruptions due to paracetamol while he tolerated NSAIDS well. This highlights the need of adverse drug reaction monitoring and reporting, for early detection and prompt treatment of drug related morbidity and the cautious use of even the most commonly used drugs.

scholarly journals Drug toxicoderma: possible causes, clinical manifestations and approaches to management at the outpatient’s stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
V. N. Larina ◽  
T. A. Gaydina ◽  
A. S. Dvornikov ◽  
K. E. Nazimkin
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioners ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Repeated Contact ◽  
Systemic Drug

Adverse cutaneous drug reactions are skin manifestations resulting from systemic drug administration. Toxicoderma under medication treatment is the most common adverse cutaneous reaction with difficulty to diagnose, especially at early stages. The development and active introduction of new drugs into practice, uncontrolled self-medication of patients, polypharmacy, and repeated contact with one and the same preparation, contribute to the growth of toxicoderma. Doctors should treat patients with toxicoderma carefully, as it can be developed at any time and have different clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of toxicoderma is not fully understood, which limits the possibility of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The benefit/risk ratio evaluation of prescribing medications is the basis of pharmacological safety and doctors, especially of primary health care (general practitioners), should always put it into practice.

scholarly journals Ofloxacin/ tinidazole induced fixed drug eruption- a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Monika Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Eruption ◽  
Fixed Drug Eruption ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction

Introduction: An immunological cutaneous adverse drug reaction is distinguished as sharply defined lesions with red rashes and sharp borders, erythematous lesions with or without blisters developing within an hour or in a few cases within a week after drug administration is termed as fixed drug eruptions (FDE). FDE is one of the major forms of drug-induced dermatosis. Various class of drugs that are causative agents for FDE includes antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antivirals, and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). FDE is easily recognized and differentiated from other drug eruptions since it does not occur voluntarily or during infection. Case report: This case report is to spotlight the case of a 52-year-old male patient who was undergoing treatment for acute gastroenteritis and suffered from FDE due to administration of IV Ofloxacin.

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