scholarly journals Right destroyed lung due to tuberculosis in a Nigerian child: Case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsat Umar Ibrahim ◽  
Halima Kabir ◽  
Mahmoud Gambo Jahun
Keyword(s):  
Lung Damage ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Nigerian Child ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Progressive Respiratory Failure ◽  
Chronic Morbidity ◽  
Destroyed Lung ◽  
Radiologic Features

Destroyed Lung Syndrome (DLS) is total lung destruction from recurrent and chronic infections especially Tuberculosis (TB). It is rare in children and associated with chronic morbidity. It presents with chronic cough, progressive difficulty in breathing, hemoptysis and progressive respiratory failure. The pathology of DLS includes lung fibrosis, collapse, tracheal and mediastinal shift. We report the case of a 9 years old girl referred after three courses of anti-TB treatment for suspected TB reinfection with worsening clinical and radiologic features. Investigations revealed a destroyed right lung. Genexpert was initially positive and subsequently along with TB culture was negative. She improved on antibiotics and chest physiotherapy. Destroyed lung though rare in children should be considered in those who despite TB treatment present with worsening clinical and radiologic features. Early diagnosis and multi- disciplinary approach will prevent irreversible lung damage.

scholarly journals PGE2 Displays Immunosuppressive Effects During Human Active Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Pellegrini ◽  
Candela Martin ◽  
María Paula Morelli ◽  
Julieta Aylen Schander ◽  
Nancy Liliana Tateosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Type I ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target ◽  
Immunosuppressive Action

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an active lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, regulates different stages of the immune response of the host during several pathologies such as chronic infections or cancer. In fact, manipulation of PGE2 levels was proposed as an approach for countering the Type I IFN signature of tuberculosis (TB). However, very limited information regarding the PGE2 pathway in patients with active TB is currently available. In the present work, we demonstrated that PGE2 exerts a potent immunosuppressive action during the immune response of the human host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Actually, we showed that PGE2 significantly reduced lymphoproliferation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and the surface expression of several immunological receptors. On the other hand, PGE2 promoted autophagy in monocytes and neutrophils cultured with Mtb antigens. These results suggest that PGE2 might be attenuating the excessive inflammatory immune response caused by Mtb, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Taken together, our findings contribute to the knowledge of the role of PGE2 in the human host resistance to Mtb and highlight the potential of this lipid mediator as a tool to improve anti-TB treatment.

scholarly journals Host-Directed Therapies: Modulating Inflammation to Treat Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Krug ◽  
Sadiya Parveen ◽  
William R. Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Microbiological Cure

Following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), most human hosts are able to contain the infection and avoid progression to active TB disease through expression of a balanced, homeostatic immune response. Proinflammatory mechanisms aiming to kill, slow and sequester the pathogen are key to a successful host response. However, an excessive or inappropriate pro-inflammatory response may lead to granuloma enlargement and tissue damage, which may prolong the TB treatment duration and permanently diminish the lung function of TB survivors. The host also expresses certain anti-inflammatory mediators which may play either beneficial or detrimental roles depending on the timing of their deployment. The balance between the timing and expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses plays an important role in the fate of infection. Interestingly, M. tuberculosis appears to manipulate both sides of the human immune response to remodel the host environment for its own benefit. Consequently, therapies which modulate either end of this spectrum of immune responses at the appropriate time may have the potential to improve the treatment of TB or to reduce the formation of permanent lung damage after microbiological cure. Here, we highlight host-directed TB therapies targeting pro- or anti-inflammatory processes that have been evaluated in pre-clinical models. The repurposing of already available drugs known to modulate these responses may improve the future of TB therapy.

scholarly journals Aspergillus-related lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis: can imaging help us to diagnose disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (162) ◽  
pp. 210103
Author(s):  
Qianting Lv ◽  
Bernadette B.L.J. Elders ◽  
Adilia Warris ◽  
Daan Caudri ◽  
Pierluigi Ciet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Different Types

In people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), viscous sputum and dysfunction of the mucociliary escalator leads to early and chronic infections. The prevalence of Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum is high in PwCF and the contribution of A. fumigatus to the progression of structural lung disease has been reported. However, overall, relatively little is known about the contribution of A. fumigatus to CF lung disease. More knowledge is needed to aid clinical decisions on whether to start antifungal treatment. In this review, we give an overview of A. fumigatus colonisation and infection in PwCF and the different types of pulmonary disease caused by it. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence for structural lung damage associated with A. fumigatus in PwCF on chest computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We conclude that radiological outcomes to identify disease caused by A. fumigatus can be important for clinical studies and management.

scholarly journals Rare Presentation of Gerbode Defect in a 4-Month-Old Nigerian and a Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Otaigbe ◽  
Douye Orubide
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Nigerian Child ◽  
Gerbode Defect ◽  
Atrial Shunt

A Gerbode defect is a very rare congenital anomaly which presents as a direct or an indirect type. We report a 4 month old Nigerian child who presented with poor feeding and failure to thrive and whose echocardiography confirmed an indirect Gerbode with a direct left ventricle to right atrial shunt due to adherent leaflets of the tricuspid valve. This was confirmed by surgery done outside the country.

scholarly journals Late Presentation of Giant Intrathoracic Neurofibroma with Significant Mediastinal Shift: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka B. Kesieme ◽  
Andrew E. Dongo ◽  
Christopher Affusim ◽  
Georgi Prisadov ◽  
Kelechi Okonta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Vena Cava Syndrome

Intrathoracic tumours in patients with Von Recklinghausen’s disease have been widely reported, but there are very few cases of reported intrathoracic giant benign neurofibroma with marked mediastinal shift and superior vena cava syndrome. Patients that present with this pathology should be adequately investigated. Surgical resection has been considered curative.

Interventricular neurocytoma: radiologic features and review of the literature.

Radiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Goergen ◽  
M F Gonzales ◽  
C A McLean
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiologic Features

scholarly journals The Pathognomic Radiologic Features of Gout in the Fingers and Review of the Literature, Including the Latest Drug Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hossaini ◽  
Eric Tetteroo ◽  
Frank M.A. Slaats ◽  
Annechien Beumer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiologic Features
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