scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of chronic oral administration of Melissa officinalis hydro-ethanol extract in Sprague-Dawley rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemnia ◽  
Farid Rezaei ◽  
Zahra Nikousefat ◽  
Maral Bahiraei
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration

Melissa officinalis is a plant that has been widely used as an herbal medicine in many countries. Unfortunately, despite the prevalent medicinal uses of the plant, there are no reports on the possible toxic effects of M. officinalis. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of M. officinalis on some biochemical and hematological parameters and histopathology of organs. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to three equal groups. The animals in groups A and B received 600 and 1200 mg/kg M. officinalis extract, respectively, for 30 days. The rats in group C were given gavaged saline as control. The animals were euthanized at the end of experiment and the blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematology analysis. Additionally, appropriate tissue samples were collected from kidney, liver, spleen, heart and lung for light microscopic examination. M. officinalis caused a significant increase in the alanine aminotransferase level in the treated rats. Although the increase in creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were observed in group A and B, respectively, but there were no significant differences. A significant decrease was observed in the total protein and albumin concentrations in serum of treated rats as compared to the control group. The creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in the group B when compared to the other groups. There were no significant differences in cholesterol, triglyceride and urea concentrations between all groups of rats. The main histopathologic findings in the liver were included hepatocyte degeneration, congestion and dilation of sinusoids, proliferation of bile ducts and infiltration of mononuclear cells around the portal area. Histopathologic examination of the kidneys showed a tubular degeneration and necrosis, tubular and glomerular atrophy and congestion. These lesions were more prominent in the high dose treated rats. The findings suggest that long-term administration of M. officinalis extract even at low doses induces hepatic and renal lesions in rats.

Chemopreventive effect of diclofenac on mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Orendáš ◽  
Ivan Ahlers ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Mammary Carcinogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect

AbstractChemopreventive effect of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in mammary carcinogenesis was reported in several studies. In this study, the effect of a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac (DICLO) in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley female rats was evaluated. NMU was administered to animals intraperitoneally in two doses of 50 mg kg−1 b.w. within postnatal days 42-48. In experiment A (short-term administration), DICLO was administrated intramuscularly (5 mg kg−1 b.w.) every other day, starting 3 days before and for subsequent 25 days after first NMU injection. In experiment B (long-term administration), DICLO was administered in tap water (0.01 mg ml−1) continually, starting 7 days before and for subsequent 22 weeks after first NMU dose. The study was terminated 22 weeks after the first dose of NMU in both experiments. After DICLO treatment, tumor frequency per group was reduced in both variants of drug administration: in experiment A by 38% and in experiment B by 39.5%. Moreover, DICLO decreased tumor incidence by 11.5% and delayed tumor latency by 14 days in experiment B. In our preventive-curative experiments DICLO decreased some parameters of NMU-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, mainly the tumor frequency.

Role of antiglucocorticoid RU 486 on dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. E682-E685 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kalimi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ru 486 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Slight Elevation

This study was conducted to investigate whether hypertension induced by long-term in vivo administration of dexamethasone in rats could be prevented by the newly synthesized potent antiglucocorticoid drug RU 486. Subcutaneous implantation of 5 mg of dexamethasone pellets in Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a rapid increase in the blood pressure that remained elevated during the 3 wk of experimental observation. RU 486 (50 mg) administered alone surprisingly showed slight elevation of blood pressure over untreated control animals. However, the blood pressure leveled off to control levels over the next 2 wk. Interestingly, a 50-mg RU 486 pellet implanted along with 5 mg of dexamethasone effectively prevented the dexamethasone-induced increase in blood pressure. RU 486 administered together with dexamethasone prevented dexamethasone-induced diuresis and urinary Na+ excretion. However, RU 486 was unable to reverse the weight loss or involution of thymus observed by long-term treatment with dexamethasone alone. No abnormalities were found in either kidneys or hearts in any of the treated groups under microscopic examination. These results suggest that RU 486 successfully prevented the hypertension produced by the long-term administration of dexamethasone in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Rat proximal NHE3 adapts to chronic acid-base disorders but not to chronic changes in dietary NaCl intake

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. F835-F843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Eladari ◽  
Françoise Leviel ◽  
Françoise Pezy ◽  
Michel Paillard ◽  
Régine Chambrey
Keyword(s):  
Initial Rate ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apical Membrane Vesicles

In the proximal tubule, the apical Na+/H+ exchanger identified as NHE3 mediates most NaCl and NaHCO3 absorption. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term regulation of NHE3 during alkalosis induced by dietary NaHCO3 loading and changes in NaCl intake. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a low-NaCl, high-NaCl, or NaHCO3 diet for 6 days were studied. Renal cortical apical membrane vesicles (AMV) were prepared from treated and normal rats. Na+/H+ exchange was assayed as the initial rate of 22Na+ uptake in the presence of an outward H+ gradient. 22Na+uptake measured in the presence of high-dose 5-( N-ethyl- N-isopropyl) amiloride was not different among models. Changes in NaCl intake did not affect NHE3 activity, whereas NaHCO3 loading inhibited22Na+ uptake by 30%. AMV NHE3 protein abundance assessed by Western blot analysis was unaffected during changes in NaCl intake. During NaHCO3 loading, NHE3 protein abundance was decreased by 65%. We conclude that proximal NHE3 adapts to chronic metabolic acid-base disorders but not to changes in dietary NaCl intake.

scholarly journals Impact of Moriamin Forte on Testicular and Epididymal Damage in Rats with Oligoasthenospermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xing Zhou ◽  
Guo-Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei-Ning Liang ◽  
Yi-Ze Li ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antioxidase Activity ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
Related Proteins

To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of Moriamin Forte (MF) on oligoasthenospermia (OA) in rats exposed to multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW), forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the control group were treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The remaining rats were administered GTW (30 mg/kg/d) for 40 d to establish an OA model. Concurrently, the groups were treated with normal saline and low-dose (100 mg/kg/d) and high-dose (200 mg/kg/d) MF, respectively. After treatment, the number and motility of sperm cells were examined. Testicular and epididymal histomorphology changes were observed. Antioxidant indicators (SOD, CAT, MDA, TAC, and Nrf2) in testicular and epididymal tissues were detected. Apoptotic and antiapoptotic indicators (Bax and Bcl2 expression) in the testicular tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. GTW decreased sperm count and motility, damaged testicular and epididymis tissues, impaired antioxidase activity, and increased tissue MDA levels. Meanwhile, GTW upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl2. Western blot analysis demonstrated a decrease in the Nrf2 expression in the model group. Treatment with MF improved sperm count and motility, as well as inhibited the rate of apoptosis in the rat reproductive system. Moreover, MF improved the activity of antioxidants and increased the relative expression of the antioxidant pathway-related protein Nrf2. In conclusion, MF may reverse the GTW-induced OA by modulating the expression of apoptotic and antioxidant pathway-related proteins. This study may provide a pharmacological foundation for the use of MF in OA treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term administration of Cinnamomum cassia silver nanoparticles on organs (kidneys and liver) of Sprague-Dawley rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi KOUAME ◽  
Aniekan Imo PETER ◽  
Edidiong Nnamso AKANG ◽  
Misturah ADANA ◽  
Roshila MOODLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration

Effects of uranium depletion on 1α-hydroxylase in kidney of rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minfen Yan ◽  
Gaoren Zhong ◽  
Linfeng Gao ◽  
Xiqiao Xia ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Medium Dose

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of depleted uranium (DU) on 1α-hydroxylase in the kidney of rats and to delinerate the mechanism of damage to kidneys and bones by DU. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with DU fragments at three dose levels (0.1 g, 0.2 g and 0.3 g). After 3, 6 or 12 months, the concentration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the kidney was measured by radioimmunoassay. The activity of 1α-hydroxylase was shown by the production of 1α,25(OH)2D3 after incubation. The results showed that the 1α-hydroxylase activity in the kidney was decreased after 3 months (27.2% at the medium dose DU group, p < 0.05; 33.4% at the high dose DU group, p < 0.01). In contrast, at 6 months and 12 months after implantation of DU, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase in DU-treated animals was not decreased significantly in comparison with the controls (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase was decreased by 33.1% (p < 0.05) and 34.4% (p < 0.01) in blank control groups at 6 and 12 months, respectively, when compared with the blank control group at 3 months. In conclusion, this study showed that chronic DU exposure could induce renal damages and inhibit the synthesis of biologically active form of vitamin D, which may be the underlying mechanism of bone metabolic disorder caused by renal injury after DU exposure.

scholarly journals Ruxolitinib Alleviates Uveitis Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Endotoxin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Lin Du ◽  
Yolanda Wong Ying Yip ◽  
Him Kwan Ng ◽  
Bo Man Ho ◽  
Jing-Na He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration

Uveitis is characterized by inflammatory lesions of intraocular structures. It is one of the important manifestations in patients with Reiter’s syndrome, an inflammatory arthritis, which is caused by enteric infection with bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium. Corticosteroids remain the most frequently used therapies against uveitis associating with inflammatory arthritis. However, the long-term administration of steroids results in many side effects, and some uveitis patients do not respond to steroid treatment. Non-steroidal treatments are needed for uveitis patients. Our previous study found that Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib could suppress the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the ciliary body and iris. However, the impacts of ruxolitinib on ophthalmic features in uveitic eyes are still unknown. In this study, Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Compared with LPS-induced rats treated with water, ruxolitinib significantly attenuated the clinical manifestations, infiltrating cells and protein exudation in the aqueous humor, and retina–choroid thickening. Amplitudes of b-wave in both scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG), and the amplitude of a-wave in scotopic ERG in EIU animals were alleviated by ruxolitinib. Collectively, we propose ruxolitinib could attenuate endotoxin-induced uveitis and rescue visual functions in rats by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

scholarly journals Androgenic Effects of Cinnamomum camphora in Male Sprague-dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
O. H. Ayoade ◽  
G. G. Akunna ◽  
F. I. Duru
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Medium Dose

This study evaluated camphora-induced androgenic and histopathological changes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-five animals weighing 200 g±20 g were used for this study and randomly divided equally into five groups, with seven rats in each group. Group A animals (normal control group) were served water and rat chow only; Groups B-D (treatment groups) were orally administered camphora in doses of 1 g/kg (Low-dose), 2 g/kg (Medium-dose) and 4 g/kg (High-dose) respectively while Group E (vehicle group) were orally administered 6 mL/kg olive oil (a solvent for camphora) per day for 56 days. There was a significant decrease (P< .05) in activity levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH); Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) when the treatment was compared with the control group. Also, a significant decrease (P< .05) in activity level of FSH was observed when the Medium-dose group was compared with Low-dose group. Insignificant irregular pattern in activity level of Testosterone was observed across the treatment groups when compared with the control. However, a significant increase (P< .05) in activity level of Testosterone was observed when the High-dose group was compared with the Medium-dose group. There was a significant increase (P< .05) in activity levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) when the treatment was compared with the control group. Semen analysis showed reduction in sperm concentration, motility and morphology with increasing concentration of camphora. Significant decrease was recorded in testicular weight when High-dose group was compared to Control and Low-dose groups. Histopathological changes were seen in the testes of the camphor administered groups, ranging from mild disintegrated interstitial tissues in Low-dose to severe degeneration and disintegration of both seminiferous and interstitial tissues in the testes in the Medium-dose and High-dose groups. In conclusion, camphora had androgenic and toxic effects on testis and may cause testicular tissue damage.

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