scholarly journals Concussion Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reporting Intentions in Youth Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034
Author(s):  
Avinash Chandran ◽  
Aliza K. Nedimyer ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Cathleen O'Neal ◽  
James Mensch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
School Location ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Urban Versus ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Context Although it has been suggested that developmental and sociological factors play a role in concussion reporting, the empirical evidence related to this is limited. Objective To examine the influences of sex, school level, school location, concussion-reporting history, and socioeconomic status on concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and reporting intentions among middle school and high school athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Master students and High School athletes attending pre-participation examinations (PPEs) were asked to complete paper-based surveys. Patients or Other Participants Overall, 541 athletes representing 18 sports returned fully completed surveys. Main Outcome Measure(s) Outcomes were concussion-related knowledge, perceived seriousness, positive feelings about reporting, and self-reporting intentions. We examined group differences in these outcomes across levels of the explanatory variables of sex, school level (middle school versus high school), school location (urban versus rural), concussion self-reporting history (yes or no), and socioeconomic status (free or reduced-price lunch versus no free or reduced-price lunch) using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Then we used multivariable ordinal logistic regression models to identify predictors of higher score levels for each outcome. Odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding 1.00 were deemed significant. Results Odds of higher levels of knowledge were higher in urban versus rural school student-athletes (ORAdjusted = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.03, 3.17), and lower in student-athletes on free or reduced-price lunch versus those not on free or reduced-price lunch (ORAdjusted = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.36, 0.77). Similarly, odds of higher levels of seriousness were lower in male versus female student-athletes (ORAdjusted = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.72). Further, odds of higher levels of self-reporting intentions were lower among male versus female student-athletes (ORAdjusted = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.37, 0.75). Conclusions Developmental and sociological factors were differentially associated with concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-reporting intentions. These results can inform medical providers, parents, and coaches with regard to context-specific clinical assessments of concussion symptoms.

“Detrimental to the Team Dynamic”: Exploring College Student-Athlete Dissent

2021 ◽  
pp. 216747952110019
Author(s):  
Rikishi T. Rey ◽  
Zac D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Student ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
School Level ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
College Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
College Student Athletes

To properly manage college student-athlete dissent, stakeholders (e.g., coaches, teammates, administration, athletic trainers, etc.) must first recognize the situations that cause athletes to dissent. Although athletic dissent is not a new concept, to date, it has only been examined at the high school level. To fill this gap, this study begins to explore this issue at the college level by examining the triggering agents that cause college student-athletes to communicate dissent. Participants ( N = 72) from 11 different sports were asked to complete multiple narratives in response to open ended questions after reflecting on a time where they communicated dissent. Results of a thematic analysis indicate that there are eight triggering agents of dissent, demonstrating distinct differences between high school and college student-athlete dissent due to various contextual factors. These findings highlight the needs and desires of college student-athletes which can help coaches, administration, and other stakeholders to promote positive college student-athlete experiences.

An Investigation Into Former High School Athletes’ Experiences of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Sport Injury Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Damien Clement ◽  
Monna Arvinen-Barrow
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Model Of Care ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation ◽  
Multidisciplinary Model ◽  
Injured Athletes

Context: A multidisciplinary approach is one of the many forms of professional practice that can be utilized by sports medicine professionals to provide care to injured athletes. While this approach has been empirically supported in the health care domain, studies supporting its utilization in the sport injury rehabilitation context—particularly at the high school level—are limited. Objective: To investigate former high school athletes’ experiences of a multidisciplinary model of care for sport injury rehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Setting: In-person, in a classroom setting at 2 Division I universities. Patients: A total of 186 former high school athletes. Main Outcome Measure: An author-constructed instrument developed using the multidisciplinary model of care for sport injury rehabilitation as a guide. Results: Family, athletic coaches, and athletic trainers were the closest professionals/individuals that injured athletes reported interacting with during sport injury rehabilitation. The data also revealed that these professionals/individuals had the closest and most direct relationships with the injured athletes. Conclusions: The findings from the present study provided support for the utilization of the multidisciplinary model of care for sport injury rehabilitation with high school athletes.

scholarly journals The Mental and Emotional Tool Kit for Life – A Way to Give Psychology Away. Education that Can be Therapeutic. An Ounce of Prevention Worth Many Pounds of Cure

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Early Years ◽  
School Level ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Common Problems

I taught health education at the high school level for 33 years. It was my job to try to help my students prevent and avoid all those common problems and issues young people so often struggle with. I learned very early that the way we typically teach health education, by dispensing helpful information and advice, was never going to be as effective as I would like it to be. Actually, I learned this much earlier in my own family watching loved ones behave in ways they knew were unhealthy for them even when they knew better, or even after having suffered because they did. I was a volunteer paramedic on our local rescue squad for many of my early years as a teacher. I will always remember responding to an alcohol overdose call and finding a young female student I had in class to be the victim – a student who I knew had aced all our quizzes and tests in our alcohol unit. There was also another young female who I knew had aced our quizzes and tests in the sex education portion of the class, and who went on to be our school’s valedictorian, who had an unplanned pregnancy.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ethics and Self-management Behaviors in the High School Student Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Self Management ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Management Behaviors

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between ethics and self-management behaviors in high school student athletes. To do so, the survey was performed on 189 high school athletes that were registered in the Korean Olympic Committee in 2018. The surveyed data was processed using SPSS 21.0 statistical program with frequency, explorative factor, reliability test, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The conclusions of the study were as follows: First, positive correlations were found in respect to opponent, manners/consideration and sense of responsibility on every sub-factor of self-management behavior upon the correlation results between ethics and self-management behavior on the athletes. Positive correlations were found to cause negative psychology, judge’s decision and social norms on mentality, life, unique behavior, exercise and interpersonal relationship controls. Additionally, positive correlations were found in consideration for peers and relationship with seniors on unique behavior, exercise and body controls. Second, causing negative psychology, judge’s decision and social norm showed positive influences on mentality control. Respect to Opponent’s respect and judge’s decision showed positive influences on life control. Respect to opponent and consideration for peers showed positive influences on unique behavior and exercise controls. Causing negative psychology and respect to opponent showed positive influences on interpersonal relationship control. On the other hand, respect to opponent, consideration for peers and relationship with seniors showed positive influences on body control. In conclusion, it is suggested that ethics of the high school student athletes have a positive correlation with self-management behavior as well as partial influences.

scholarly journals Factors impacting self-pay pediatric vaccine utilization in China: a large-scale maternal survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052094875
Author(s):  
Xinxin Li ◽  
Haiyan Lu ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Qiuhua Chen ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The Self ◽  
School Level ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Pediatric Vaccines

Objectives Utilization of self-pay vaccines worldwide is very low, especially in China; the reasons for this are unclear. We aimed to identify factors that impact the decision among Chinese mothers to utilize self-pay vaccines for their children. Methods Mothers who were hospitalized at two hospitals in Zhanjiang City and who agreed to participate by completing the required questionnaire were eligible for this study. Results In total, 7518 respondents (n = 7592) completed the questionnaire and were included in this survey. The self-pay option was largely elected by mothers with one child, compared with those who had two or more children. Similarly, utilization by workers at government agencies and organizations was higher than that among factory workers or unemployed respondents. Mothers with a college degree or above had higher utilization than those with a high school level education or lower. The main issues affecting maternal decisions to utilize self-pay pediatric vaccines were safety, the protective effect, and the high cost. Conclusion Mothers with higher socioeconomic status were more inclined to self-pay for pediatric vaccines. Steps taken to enhance public awareness about the safety and protective benefits of self-pay vaccines, as well as lowering their cost will likely encourage broader utilization of these vaccines.

Attitudes and Opinions of Female High School Athletes About Sports-Focused Mindfulness Training and Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Worthen ◽  
James K. Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Mindfulness Practices ◽  
Female High School

Female high school athletes playing volleyball and soccer (N = 32) responded to a social validity questionnaire that inquired about their experiences with a sportfocused mindfulness training program. On average, the student-athletes rated most highly the effects of mindfulness training on emotional awareness and attention focusing, the contribution of mindfulness toward team play, the benefit of having coaches learn mindfulness skills, and the application of mindfulness to other sports. There were dissimilar ratings between the volleyball and soccer student-athletes concerning use of mindfulness when preparing for and during games. Most of the formal mindfulness practices taught during the training program were rated as being helpful to very helpful. We discuss factors influencing these findings and implications for mindfulness–sport performance research.

scholarly journals Access to Athletic Trainer Services in California Secondary Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236
Author(s):  
Eric G. Post ◽  
Karen G. Roos ◽  
Stephen Rivas ◽  
Tricia M. Kasamatsu ◽  
Jason Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Board Of Certification

Context California is currently the only state that does not regulate who can and cannot call themselves athletic trainers (ATs). Therefore, previous national or state-specific investigations may not have provided an accurate representation of AT availability at the secondary school level in California. Similarly, it is unknown whether the factors that influence AT availability in California, such as socioeconomic status, are similar to or different from those identified in previous studies. Objective To describe the availability of ATs certified by the Board of Certification in California secondary schools and to examine potential factors influencing access to AT services in California secondary schools. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants Representatives of 1270 California high schools. Main Outcome Measure(s) Officials from member schools completed the 2017–2018 California Interscholastic Federation Participation Census. Respondents provided information regarding school type, student and student-athlete enrollment, whether the school had ATs on staff, and whether the ATs were certified by the Board of Certification. The socioeconomic status of public and charter schools was determined using the percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Results More than half (54.6%) of schools reported that they either did not employ ATs (47.6%) or employed unqualified health personnel (UHP) in the role of AT (7.0%). Nearly 30% of student-athletes in California participated in athletics at a school that did not employ ATs (n = 191 626, 28.9%) and 8% of student-athletes participated at a school that employed UHP in the role of AT (n = 54 361, 8.2%). Schools that reported employing ATs had a lower proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch than schools that did not employ ATs and schools that employed UHP (both P values < .001). Conclusions With ongoing legislative efforts to obtain regulation of ATs in California, secondary school administrators are encouraged to hire ATs with the proper certification to enhance the patient care provided to student-athletes and improve health outcomes.

Sex Differences in the Clinical Incidence of Concussions, Missed School Days, and Time Loss in High School Student-Athletes: Part 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2263-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail C. Bretzin ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Meghan E. Fox ◽  
Kyle M. Petit ◽  
Jennifer L. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Injury Surveillance System

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) injury rates are well established in collegiate athletics through epidemiological studies using the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System. However, few studies have examined sex differences, time loss, and missed school days in high school athletes, especially at the state level. Purpose: To identify sex differences in the clinical incidence of SRCs, missed school days, and time loss in high school student-athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: A total of 193,757 (116,434 male and 77,323 female) student-athletes (10th grade ± 1.1) participating in Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA)–sponsored athletic activities were recorded in the Head Injury Reporting System. Certified athletic trainers, school athletic administrators, and coaches from MHSAA high schools reported SRC data and overall participation for the 2015-2016 academic year. Total concussive injuries, as well as missed school days and time loss for each concussive injury, were reported. The clinical incidence was calculated by dividing the number of SRCs in a particular category by the number of participants in that category and presented with 95% CIs. Relative risk ratios (RRs) were determined for sex-comparable sports. Results: The overall clinical incidence for all sports was 1.7 per 100 player-seasons (95% CI, 1.6-1.8) and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.0) for male sports and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4-1.6) for female sports. Female athletes were at a 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.2) times greater risk for enduring SRCs than male athletes in sex-comparable sports, with a greater risk in baseball/softball (RR, 2.7 [95% CI, 1.9-3.8]), basketball (RR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.1-2.9]), and soccer (RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4-1.9]). Female student-athletes had significantly longer time loss than male student-athletes ( P < .001). The mean number of missed school days did not differ between sexes ( P = .70). Conclusion: High school female student-athletes have a higher risk for an SRC in all sex-comparable sports except lacrosse. This may be because of biomechanical differences of the head-neck segment, hormonal differences, and the fact that female athletes are more likely to report symptoms after a suspected SRC. Clinical Relevance: Despite sex differences in the clinical incidence of SRCs and time loss from participation in high school sports, the numbers of missed school days are relatively similar between sexes.

scholarly journals Concussion Recovery Timeline of High School Athletes Using A Stepwise Return-to-Play Protocol: Age and Sex Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Tamura ◽  
Troy Furutani ◽  
Ross Oshiro ◽  
Yukiya Oba ◽  
Ayaka Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Return To School ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Concussion Recovery ◽  
Age And Sex

Context Implementation of a stepwise return-to-play (RTP) protocol has become the standard management strategy for high school athletes to ensure a safe RTP after concussion. The detailed characteristics of the recovery timeline throughout the steps of an RTP protocol have not been delineated among the adolescent population. Objective To investigate the days spent in each step of the stepwise RTP protocol in an adolescent population and examine the effects of age and sex on recovery time. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Local schools. Patients or Other Participants Student-athletes from 57 schools. Intervention(s) A total of 726 patients with concussion (age = 15.5 ± 1.2 years, males = 454, females = 272) were included. The 7-step RTP protocol consists of the following steps: (1) complete cognitive rest, (2) full return to school, (3) light exercise, (4) running progression, (5) noncontact training drills and weight training, (6) full-contact practice or training, and (7) return to game play. The data were obtained by certified athletic trainers as a part of the statewide standardized concussion-management protocol. Main Outcome Measure(s) Days spent in steps 0 to 6 as well as a breakdown of days by sex and age. Results The average total RTP days were 20.2 ± 13.9. Half of this time was spent in the return-to-school phase (steps 2–3: 10.2 ± 10.0 days). Compared with 17-year-old participants, younger participants (age = 14–16 years) took 3 or 4 days longer to start step 3 and to reach step 6 (P &lt; .05). Females took longer to reach step 6 than males (21.6 ± 15.5 versus 19.3 ± 12.7 days) because they took longer to reach step 3 (14.7 ± 11.4 days) than males (13.0 ± 10.0 days; P &lt; .05). Conclusions Our study provides an estimated stepwise concussion recovery timeline for adolescent student-athletes. Clearance to start step 3 was the benchmark for the recovery timeline, as the duration of the exercise portion of the protocol was consistent across the age and sex groups.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and outcomes after sport-related concussion: a preliminary investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Zuckerman ◽  
Brian Holt Zalneraitis ◽  
Douglas J. Totten ◽  
Kolin E. Rubel ◽  
Andrew W. Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVEA significant proportion of patients experience long-term symptoms after sport-related concussion (SRC), and several factors have been associated with this protracted recovery. Limited data exist on the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on SRC outcomes. The objective in this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation to determine the effect of SES on outcomes after SRC in student-athletes treated at a regional sports concussion center.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of 282 middle school, high school, and collegiate student-athletes was conducted. An attempt was made to contact all patients seen at a comprehensive SRC center between January 2012 and May 2015 for in-depth interviews. Subsequent demographic data were collected. The SES was defined as follows: cost of living percentile, median income percentile, percentage of college graduates, percentage of homeowners, county type, and insurance status. Outcomes after SRC were defined as follows: days of symptom duration, days of missed school, and days of missed practice. Statistically controlled covariates included sex, race, age, body mass index, concussion history, neuropsychiatric history, and type of sport.RESULTSA total of 282 student-athletes consented and were studied. The median age was 15.8 years (range 11.6–22.2 years) and 61.4% of student-athletes were male. A previous concussion was incurred by 34.0% of student-athletes. Football was the most common sport (32.3%), followed by soccer (16.3%), and basketball (15.6%). The median symptom duration was 21 days (range 1–365 days); the median missed school days was 2 (range 0–90 days); and median for days of missed practice was 10 (range 0–150 days). After multivariate Cox regression analysis, no relationship between any of the 6 SES variables and symptom duration or missed practice was seen. However, individuals with private insurance had more missed days of school than those with public insurance (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.83, p = 0.009).CONCLUSIONSIn a preliminary study of middle school, high school, and collegiate student-athletes, SES had no impact on the outcomes of symptom duration and missed practice. However, for individuals with private insurance, the return to school was slower than for those with public insurance. This pilot study reveals the complex relationship between SES and SRC recovery, which demands further study with more accurate and validated assessments of SES.

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