Sport Specialization in Middle- and High-School Long-Distance Runners

Abstract Context: Previous reports suggest high-specialized adolescent athletes may be at a higher risk of injury, worse sleep quality, and lower sport enjoyment than low-specialized athletes. Currently, sport specialization literature is primarily composed of adolescent athletes from a variety of sports. However, it is unknown if the findings on sport specialization from predominantly non-running athletes are generalizable to adolescent long-distance runners. Objective: Compare injury history, running volume, quality of life, sleep habits, and running enjoyment among male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners from different sport specialization levels. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online survey. Participants: A total of 102 male (age=15.8±0.9 years) and 157 female (age=15.6±1.4 years) uninjured middle- and high-school athletes who participated in long-distance running activities (completion rate=50.7%). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants were stratified by sex and sport specialization level (low, moderate, high). Group differences in self-reported running-related injuries, EQ-5D-Y quality of life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index sleep quality, sleep duration, running habits, and running enjoyment were assessed. Results: High-specialized male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners reported competing more months per year (p<0.001), higher weekly run distance (p<0.001), more runs per week (p<0.001), higher average distance per run (p<0.001), and higher running enjoyment (p<0.001) than low-specialized runners. Males reported higher average weekly run distance (p=0.01), higher average distance per run (p=0.01), and better sleep quality (p=0.01) than females. No differences among sport specialization were found for running-related injuries (p=0.25), quality of life (p=0.07), sleep quality (p=0.19), or sleep duration (p=0.11) among male or female middle- and high-school runners. Conclusions: High-specialized male and female middle- and high-school long-distance runners reported higher running volumes and running enjoyment than low-specialized runners. However, high-specialized runners did not report a greater number of running-related injuries, lower quality of life, or lower sleep quality or duration as expected.

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Sport Specialization and Quality of Life among Middle- and High-School Long-Distance Runners of Different Injury Status: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2021.1954350 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Micah C. Garcia ◽

Jeffery A. Taylor-Haas ◽

Mitchell J. Rauh ◽

Michael D. Toland ◽

David M. Bazett-Jones

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High School ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Long Distance ◽

Injury Status

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Are physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep duration associated with body mass index-for-age and health-related quality of life among high school boys and girls?

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-016-0434-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sara Jalali-Farahani ◽

Parisa Amiri ◽

Yit Siew Chin

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

High School ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

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Impact of in-season injury on quality of life and sleep duration in female youth volleyball athletes: a prospective study of 2073 players

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-103331 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-103331

Author(s):

Andrew Watson ◽

Kevin Biese ◽

Stephanie A Kliethermes ◽

Eric Post ◽

M Alison Brooks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High School ◽

Physical Function ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Return To Play ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Female High School ◽

Injured Athletes

ObjectivesThe psychological impacts of injuries in youth athletes remain poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of injury on quality of life (QOL) and sleep in female high school volleyball athletes.Methods2073 female high school volleyball players (15.6±1.1 years) completed the Pediatric Quality of Life survey (total QOL, physical, social, school, emotional and psychosocial function) and reported average sleep duration at the start and end of the season. Injury data were collected by school athletic trainers. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to compare changes in QOL and sleep duration during the season between (1) injured and uninjured athletes and (2) injured athletes who did or did not suffer a season-ending injury.ResultsTime-loss injuries were reported in 187 athletes with complete preseason and postseason data. During the season, injured athletes demonstrated a greater decrease in total QOL (β=−1.3±0.5, p=0.012), as well as physical function (β=−1.6±0.6, p=0.012), school function (β=−2.0±0.76, p=0.01) and psychosocial function domains (β=−1.2±0.6, p=0.039) compared with uninjured athletes. Athletes who sustained a season-ending injury had a significantly greater decrease in total QOL (β=−6.8±2.0, p=0.006) and physical function (β=-17±2.9, p<0.001) compared with injured athletes who were able to return to play during the season.ConclusionIn-season injuries are associated with significant decreases in total QOL as well as physical and psychosocial function. Healthcare providers should consider the impacts of injuries on QOL and sleep in youth athletes in order to optimise management and improve overall health.

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Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Among Healthy High School Athletes

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922819892050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 170-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Morgan N. Potter ◽

David R. Howell ◽

Katherine S. Dahab ◽

Emily A. Sweeney ◽

Jay C. Albright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High School ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Measurement Information ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Measurement Information System ◽

Good Sleep

We examined the association between sleep quality and quality of life (QOL) among uninjured high school athletes. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Profile 25 questionnaire. One hundred ten athletes reported poor sleep quality (mean PSQI: 6.6 ± 2.0; mean age: 15.3 ± 1.1; 62% female); 162 athletes reported good sleep quality (mean PSQI: 2.3 ± 1.3; mean age: 15.1 ± 1.7; 33% female). After adjusting for sex and age, worse sleep quality was associated with higher physical function/mobility (β = 0.034; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.007-0.060; P = .01), anxiety (β= 0.391; 95% CI = 0.263-0.520; P < .001), depressive symptom (β = 0.456; 95% CI = 0.346-0.565; P < .001), fatigue (β = 0.537; 95% CI = 0.438-0.636; P < .001), pain interference (β = 0.247; 95% CI = 0.119-0.375; P < .001), and pain intensity (β = 0.103; 95% CI = 0.029-0.177; P = .006) ratings. Poor self-reported sleep quality among adolescent athletes was associated with worse QOL ratings. Clinicians should consider assessing sleep hygiene to provide guidance on issues pertaining to reduced QOL.

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DIFFERENCES IN QUALITY OF LIFE, SLEEP, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENT ATHLETES BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121s00152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967121S0015

Author(s):

Mathew J. Wingerson ◽

Christine M. Baugh ◽

Aaron Provance ◽

Aubrey Armento ◽

Gregory Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Social Interaction ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Peer Relationships ◽

Sport Participation ◽

School Closure ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Adolescent Athletes

Background: The benefits of sport participation and physical activity within adolescent populations has been well established, including improved physical and psychological health, social functioning, and sleep quality.1-3 However, mandated stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an abrupt cessation of school and sport participation for many adolescent athletes. This sudden suspension of sports, physical activity and peer/social interaction may have negative implications on adolescent anxiety and fatigue, as well as peer relationships and sleep quality. Purpose: (1) Compare quality of life and sleep quality measures in adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic to measures obtained 1-2 years earlier. (2) Assess physical activity and social interaction behavior during the two weeks prior to school closure compared to a two-week period during school closure. Methods: Participants first completed Patient Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) anxiety, fatigue, and peer relationship short forms, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) during pre-participation sport physical evaluations (May 2018 or 2019), and again during May or June (2020). Physical activity and social interaction were assessed at the second timepoint by asking participants to retrospectively report behaviors during the two weeks prior to school closure, and during the two weeks preceding questionnaire completion. We compared outcomes using paired samples t-tests (continuous outcome variables) and McNemar’s test (categorical outcome variables). All statistical tests were two-sided and evaluated at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: A significant portion (92%) of participants (n=39; 16.2±0.9 years of age; 64% female; 499±177 days between assessments) reported sport cessation due to COVID-19 (Table 1). Compared to pre-COVID assessments, participants reported significantly higher anxiety and fatigue scores, and significantly worse sleep quality after school and sport cessation (Figure 1). Physical activity frequency and duration were significantly reduced in the two weeks prior to questionnaire completion compared to the two weeks before sport and school closure (Table 2). No significant difference was found for quality of peer relationships (Figure 1), although characteristics of peer/social interactions differed significantly between timepoints. Conclusion: Following recent stay-at-home orders, high school athletes reported more anxiety and fatigue, worse sleep quality, and less physical activity compared to assessments obtained in the Spring of 2018 or 2019. The abrupt cessation of school and sport participation due to COVID-19, in combination with other life factors, likely contributed to reductions in physical activity, worse sleep quality, changes in social interaction, elevated levels of anxiety, and increased fatigue among high school athletes. References: Snyder AR, Martinez JC, Bay RC, Parsons JT, Sauers EL, Valovich McLeod TC. Health-related quality of life differs between adolescent athletes and adolescent nonathletes. J Sport Rehabil. 2010;19(3):237-248. doi:10.1123/jsr.19.3.237 Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013;10:98. Published 2013 Aug 15. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 Kredlow MA, Capozzoli MC, Hearon BA, Calkins AW, Otto MW. The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. J Behav Med. 2015;38(3):427-449. doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6 Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Figure: see text][Table: see text]

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The Association Between Sleep Quality On Quality Of Life Among Healthy High School Athletes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000561368.55164.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Morgan N. Potter ◽

David R. Howell ◽

Katherine S. Dahab ◽

Emily A. Sweeney ◽

Jay C. Albright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High School ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

High School Athletes

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1033 Sleep and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Persons With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A392-A393

Author(s):

L M Baniak ◽

C W Atwood ◽

P J Strollo ◽

D E Forman ◽

E R Chasens

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Patient Reported Outcomes ◽

Summary Score ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Patient Reported

Abstract Introduction Sleep quality has a significant bearing on disease. A better understanding of sleep quality may help identify opportunities to improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in persons with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to explore the association between sleep and PROs in patients clinically diagnosed with HFpEF. Methods Cross-sectional study of 22 participants (71.2±7.2 years, 95% male, 86.4% white) with HFpEF, recruited from a heart failure (n=14) and sleep clinic (n=8). Sleep disordered breathing was measured objectively using one-night in-home obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) testing (ApneaLink). Actigraphy (7 days) was used to assess sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Subjective sleep measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). PROs included functional status (Functional Outcomes Sleep Questionnaire [FOSQ]), depression (PROMIS Depression), fatigue (PROMIS Fatigue), and heart failure specific quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire [KCCQ]; overall summary score [KCCQ-os] and clinical summary score [KCCQ-cs]). The KCCQ-cs includes physical function and symptom scores to corresponds with NYHA Classification. Results Fifty percent of the participants had poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) and 2 (9.1%) had ISI scores >14. The majority (64%; n=14) had OSA; 10 currently on OSA therapy. Mean oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was 20.8±17.8. Mean actigraphy data indicated poor sleep (sleep duration 302±116 minutes, sleep efficiency 70.0±18.6%, and WASO 52±28 minutes) despite only 5 (22.7%) participants reporting excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS>10). Greater insomnia symptom severity was associated with lower heart failure specific quality of life (KCCQ-os) and functional status, and, greater fatigue and depression (all p-values <.05). FOSQ was negatively associated with PSQI (r= -.710, p= <.001) and positively with sleep efficiency (r=.496, p=.026). The KCCQ-cs was positively associated with sleep duration (r=.496, p=.026) and negatively but not significantly associated with ODI (r= -.453, p=.07). Conclusion Impaired sleep and OSA are highly prevalent in patients with HFpEF and both are adversely associated with PROs. Goals to improve sleep is important for effective symptom management and for potential improvements in PROs. Support American Nurses Foundation, Preventative Cardiovascular Nurses Association

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Association of Subjective Quality and Quantity of Sleep with Quality of Life among a General Population

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12835

Author(s):

Kentaro Matsui ◽

Takuya Yoshiike ◽

Kentaro Nagao ◽

Tomohiro Utsumi ◽

Ayumi Tsuru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Short Form ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

This study aimed to determine whether both subjective sleep quality and sleep duration are directly associated with quality of life (QOL), as well as indirectly associated with QOL through insomnia symptoms. Individuals aged 20–69 years without mental illness (n = 9305) were enrolled in this web-based cross-sectional survey. The Short Form-8 was used to assess physical and mental QOL. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and extracted items related to subjective sleep quality and sleep duration. Insomnia symptoms were also extracted from the PSQI. The hypothesized models were tested using structural equation modeling. Worse sleep quality, but not shorter sleep duration, was related to worse physical QOL. Both worse sleep quality and shorter sleep duration were related to worse mental QOL. Insomnia symptoms mediated these relationships. Subgroup analyses revealed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and physical/mental QOL. However, the relationship between sleep quality and physical/mental QOL was consistent regardless of sleep duration. The results suggest that subjective sleep quality has a more coherent association with QOL than subjective sleep duration. Because of its high feasibility, a questionnaire on overall sleep quality could be a useful indicator in future epidemiological studies of strategies for improving QOL.

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