scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PM10 IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sattar Yunus ◽  
Mohd Rashid ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Sabariah Baharun ◽  
Che Man Hasfalina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Soil Origin ◽  
One Year

PM10 concentrations were measured on a weekly basis for a period of one year from February 2012 to January 2013 at one site of Makassar, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of nineteen elemental components have analyzed (i.e Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, and Zn). The elemental components were found in descending order; Ca > Si > Na > Al > Fe > K > Mg > Zn > Ti > Pb > Ni >Mn> Ba > Cu > Cr > B > Ag > Cd > Co. Four ionic species (i.e Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+) have analyzed, The ionic species were found in descending order; SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > NH4+ as well as black carbon were founded in the sample was 2.01 µg/m3. The elemental enrichment factors indicated that most of the elements were enriched relative to soil origin illustrating of their possible associations with other sources such as marine and anthropogenic derived aerosols.

scholarly journals PM 10 black carbon and ionic species concentration of urban atmosphere in Makassar of South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rashid ◽  
Sattar Yunus ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Sabariah Baharun ◽  
Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Species Concentration ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Pm 10

Osteosynthesis at pelvic injuries in toy-breed dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Antonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Osteosynthesis Techniques ◽  
One Year

Pelvic injuries account for 16 to 25% of all skeletal trauma in small pets. Small dogs as companion dogs are now widespread. Unusual exterior and behavioral features have made them popular and at the same time vulnerable in the modern urban environment. The author defined the nature of injuries and adapted technique of transosseous osteosynthesis for the treatment of toy-breed dogs with pelvic trauma. The study of the X-rays in 226 dogs with pelvic injuries demonstrated that toy-breed dogs accounted for 16% of the total. Multiple pelvic trauma was revealed in 95% of them. Surgical treatment was performed in 24 dogs, conservative one - in 13, that amounted to 65% and 35%, respectively. Surgical treatment consisted in open juxtaposing of fragments and focal transosseous and/or internal osteosynthesis with subsequent external fixation using devices of various designs. The external structures were of three types: half-ring support or U-shaped staple, pair of parallel curved plates connected by two threaded rods with each other, and pair of curved plates located bilaterally on both sides of the pelvis and connected by two threaded rods with the help of threaded ends. The terms of fixation for pelvic injuries in toy-breed dogs at the age under one year were 42 days on the average, and in the dogs at the age above one year - 60 days. Surgical treatment in toy-breed dogs with pelvic injuries was performed more often in comparison with conservative one. Pelvic trauma was accompanied by pronounced pain shock. The osteosynthesis techniques used in toy-breed dogs are little traumatic and not limiting functions thereby contributing to recovery of all the structures of pelvis and pelvic limbs.

scholarly journals The 3 vs 1 game build-up effectiveness examination in physical and technical tests of 11-year-old football players

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Janos Tóth jr. ◽  
David Zalai ◽  
Janos Tóth ◽  
Pál Hamar
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Training Pattern ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Group

Summary Study aim: The aim of this study is to prove that young players who have been coached with the main focus on technical ability and player interaction, perform better when tested on physical and technical attributes. Material and methods: We examined 2 separate groups made up of 15 players each. After thorough analysis, the experimental group practiced playing forms to building up 3 vs 1 games weekly for one year. The control group did not follow this training pattern. Results: Over the course of the year there was a constant development in all aspects of the examination. Furthermore, both physical and technical attributes were significantly better . The same cannot be concluded from the analysis of the control group, in which the performance level even dropped in some aspects of the examination. Conclusion: The results show that players practicing the playing forms on a weekly basis performed better in physical and technical tests. In addition, subjective experience has also underlined the effect of the method.

scholarly journals Characterization, Pollution Sources, and Health Risk of Ionic and Elemental Constituents in PM2.5 of Wuhan, Central China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqian Wang ◽  
Weilin Zhang ◽  
Shiyang Dong ◽  
Shinichi Yonemachi ◽  
Senlin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Species ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Central China ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Summer Enrichment ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Sampling

Atmospheric PM2.5 samples from Wuhan, China were collected during a winter period of February and a summer period of August in 2018. The average PM2.5 mass concentration in winter reached 112 μg/m3—about two-fold higher than that found in summer. Eight ionic species constituted 1/3 of PM2.5, whereas more than 85% represented secondary ionic aerosols (NO3−, SO42− and NH4+). Higher ratios of NO3−/SO42− (0.95–2.62) occurred in winter and lower ratios (0.11–0.42) occurred in summer showing the different contribution for mobile and stationary sources. Seventeen elemental species constituted about 10% of PM2.5, with over 95% Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, K and Zn. Higher K-concentration occurred in winter indicating greater contribution from biomass and firework-burning. Carcinogenic risks by Cr, As, Cd, Ni and Pb in PM2.5 indicated that about 6.94 children and 46.5 adults among per million may risk getting cancer via inhalation during surrounding winter atmospheric sampling, while about 5.41 children and 36.6 adults have the same risk during summer. Enrichment factors (EFs) and elemental ratios showed that these hazardous elements were mainly from anthropogenic sources like coal and oil combustion, gasoline and diesel vehicles.

Scavenging efficiency of rainfall on black carbon aerosols over an urban environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Madhavi Latha ◽  
K. V. S. Badarinath ◽  
P. Manikya Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Scavenging Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Aerosols ◽  
Black Carbon Aerosols
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