scholarly journals FLOOD DAMAGE ANALYSIS: A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Alfredo Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Larissa Batista ◽  
Roberto Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System

Worldwide floods stand out as some of the most recurrent and potentially destructive phenomena. Risk reduction management must consider dynamics involving structural risk elements called indicators. The objective of this paper was to simulate an extreme flood event in the Pirapama river basin, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, and to analyze some risk components, focusing on the application of damage models in the Brazilian scenario. The hydrological model HEC-HMS (Hydrological Modeling System) was calibrated in order to generate streamflow for ungauged areas. The model was able to identify the highest flood peaks and the statistic criteria were consistent with daily simulation. The parameters calibrated for the HEC-HMS model allowed us to generate results used as input flow in HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). The hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS performed steady flow simulations for the peak flow that occurred in 2010. Remote sensing products with high spatial resolution were used successfully to identify and calculate dwellings surface in the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho. Flood damage estimates were performed through transferred depth-damage curves which is a methodological option verified in the literature. The two main Brazilian studies on this field were selected. The difference between the functions is just over BRL$72 per square meter, and around BRL$85 million for the entire area in the 2010 event (BRL$234.58 and BRL$149.11 million). Those values were adjusted for inflation until 2019. A combination of different methodologies is a way to try to overcome the lack of information, but much remains to be done to validate damage analysis, especially in what concerns to prevention.

scholarly journals Ex post damage assessment: an Italian experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Molinari ◽  
S. Menoni ◽  
G. T. Aronica ◽  
F. Ballio ◽  
N. Berni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. In recent years, awareness of a need for more effective disaster data collection, storage, and sharing of analyses has developed in many parts of the world. In line with this advance, Italian local authorities have expressed the need for enhanced methods and procedures for post-event damage assessment in order to obtain data that can serve numerous purposes: to create a reliable and consistent database on the basis of which damage models can be defined or validated; and to supply a comprehensive scenario of flooding impacts according to which priorities can be identified during the emergency and recovery phase, and the compensation due to citizens from insurers or local authorities can be established. This paper studies this context, and describes ongoing activities in the Umbria and Sicily regions of Italy intended to identifying new tools and procedures for flood damage data surveys and storage in the aftermath of floods. In the first part of the paper, the current procedures for data gathering in Italy are analysed. The analysis shows that the available knowledge does not enable the definition or validation of damage curves, as information is poor, fragmented, and inconsistent. A new procedure for data collection and storage is therefore proposed. The entire analysis was carried out at a local level for the residential and commercial sectors only. The objective of the next steps for the research in the short term will be (i) to extend the procedure to other types of damage, and (ii) to make the procedure operational with the Italian Civil Protection system. The long-term aim is to develop specific depth–damage curves for Italian contexts.

Outside lending in the New York City call loan market: evidence from the Panic of 1907

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Moen ◽  
Ellis Tallman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
York City ◽  
Loan Market ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Difference

Before the Panic of 1907 the large New York City banks were able to maintain the call loan market's liquidity during panics, but the rise in outside lending by trust companies and interior banks in the decade leading up the panic weakened the influence of the large banks. Creating a reliable source of liquidity and reserves external to the financial market like a central bank became obvious after the panic. In the call loan market, like the REPO market in 2008, lack of information on the identity of lenders and volume of the market hindered attempts to stop panic-related depositor withdrawals. Our new estimates of who was participating in the call loan market reveal that it did not contract after 1907; while the trust companies became less important, the New York national banks and outside lenders more than made up the difference.

Differences Among an Expert and a Non Expert in the Behavior for Chucking in the Lathe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porakoch Sirisuwan ◽  
Tetsushi Koshino ◽  
Chieko Narita ◽  
Takashi Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Lathe Machine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Analysis System

The expert worker (85 years old) has worked for 70 years and the non expert (16 years old) has worked 1 year of experience for the lathe processing. The subjects were compared the difference in the waist, the shoulder and the fore arm movement between the two worker while they were chucking on the lathe machine. Determination used the same parts and the same type of lathe machine for investigated. There were 4 main categories that related three stances position alignment and two hands position on the key chuck. Using the 6 infrared cameras and 2 video cameras captured the position of each marker. All markers position data which synchronization was taken by a motion analysis system (sampling rate: 100Hz). As a results show the balance movement both the waist and the shoulder during the chucking that had significantly greater in the expert worker than the non expert worker.

Relationship Between Weightbearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Passive Range of Motion and Ankle Kinematics During Gait

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kang ◽  
Jae-Seop Oh
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Measurement of weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion (DF) passive range of motion (PROM) has been suggested as a way to estimate ankle kinematics during gait; however, no previous study has demonstrated the relationship between ankle DF during gait and ankle DF PROM with knee extension. We examine the relationship between maximum ankle DF during gait and nonweightbearing and weightbearing ankle DF PROM with knee extension. Methods: Forty physically active individuals (mean ± SD age, 21.63 ± 1.73 years) participated in this study. Ankle DF PROM with knee extension was measured in the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions; maximum ankle DF during gait was assessed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The relationship between each variable was calculated using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and the difference in ankle DF PROM between the nonweightbearing and weightbearing conditions was analyzed using a paired t test. Results: The weightbearing measurement (r = 0.521; P < .001) for ankle DF PROM showed a greater correlation with maximum ankle DF during gait than did the nonweightbearing measurement (r = 0.245; P = .029). Ankle DF PROM was significantly greater in the weightbearing than in the nonweightbearing condition (P < .001) despite a significant correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.402; P < .001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that nonweightbearing and weightbearing measurements of ankle DF PROM with knee extension should not be used interchangeably and that weightbearing ankle DF PROM with the knee extended is more appropriate for estimating ankle DF during gait.

HEC's Flood Damage Analysis (HEC-FDA) Program

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Burnham ◽  
Christopher N. Dunn ◽  
Robert D. Carl
Keyword(s):  
Flood Damage ◽  
Damage Analysis

Endothelial Function in Patients with Essential Thrombocytosis.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3983-3983
Author(s):  
Maya Koren-Michowitz ◽  
Batia Avni ◽  
Irma Zur ◽  
Yulia Volcheck ◽  
Naomi Rahimi-Levene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Essential Thrombocytosis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder whose main complication is thrombothic events. Reduction of platelet count is associated with a decrease in the risk for thrombosis. Recently it was shown that although anagrelide and hydroxyurea lower platelet counts to the same extent, hydroxyurea decreased the rate of arterial thrombosis and increased the rate of venous thrombosis compared to anagrelide. The reason for the different effects is unknown. The endothelium has important antithrombotic properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that hydroxyurea and anagrelide may have different effects on endothelial function in patients with ET. Thirty patients with ET were studied; 12 treated with anagrelide and 18 with hydroxyurea. Endothelial function was assessed using a semi-automated pulse wave analysis system (SphygmoCor PVX, AtCor Medical, Sydney Australia). Pulse wave is recorded at the radial artery. Using a validated transfer function, the following variables are determined: central systolic blood pressure (CSBP); augmentation index (AIx), a reflection of arterial stiffness; augmentation index adjusted for heart rate (AIx@75). Measurements were taken at baseline, after inhalation of terbutaline 500 mcg (representing endothelial dependent vasodilation due to NO synthesis), and after sublingual nitroglycerine 400 mcg (representing endothelial independent vasodilation). The difference between baseline AIx and maximum response after terbutaline and nitroglycerine are given as EDV (endothelial dependent vasodilation) and EIV (endothelial independent vasodilation), respectively. There was no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to disease duration, age, gender, prior thrombotic events and risk factors for atherosclerosis including BMI, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking history and hypertension. Mean Hct and platelet count was the same in both groups of patients. However, WBC and neutrophil counts were lower in patients treated with hydroxyurea compared to the patients treated with anagrelide (WBC 6.2±1.4 K/μl vs. 8.4±3.4 K/μl, p=0.07, neutrophils 4.0±1.2 K/μl vs. 6.3±2.9 K/μl, p=0.05). Parameters of arterial stiffness and endothelial function did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients (Table 1). There was no correlation between platelet count and endothelial function, however a correlation between CSBP and age was found (R= 0.615 p<0.001). In conclusion: our preliminary results do not support a different effect for hydroxyurea and anagrelide on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in patients with ET. In accordance with previous reports we found a lower neutrophil count in the group of patients on hydroxyurea therapy. This may affect the interaction between neutrophils and the vessel wall thereby decreasing the rate of arterial thrombosis. Table 1 Therapy (N) Anagrelide (12) Hydroxyurea (18) CSBP mmHg 120±14 122±21 AIx % 26±12 33±11 AIx@75 % 25±10 27±10 EDV % −2±8.6 0.6±7.5 EIV % −11±9 −15±7

Notch Behavior of Components Under the Stress-Controlled Creep–Fatigue Condition: Weakening or Strengthening?

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Guo Gong ◽  
Fu-Zhen Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Creep Damage ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Creep Fatigue ◽  
The Difference

Notch-related weakening and strengthening behavior under creep–fatigue conditions was studied in terms of the elastic–viscoplasticity finite-element method (FEM). A coupled damage analysis, i.e., the skeletal point method for creep damage evaluation coupled with the equivalent strain range method for fatigue damage, was employed in the notch effect evaluation. The results revealed that, under the short holding time condition, a weakening behavior was observed for the notch, while a strengthening effect was detected with the increase of holding time. The difference could be ascribed to the creep damage contribution in the holding stage. The influence of stress concentration factor (SCF), stress ratio, and the maximum stress was strongly dependent on the competition of creep and fatigue mechanism.

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