Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 3. The tribe Poeae

Bothalia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
S. M. C. Van Wyk ◽  
I. C. Nieman ◽  
E. J. L. Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

This is a report on chromosome numbers for the tribe Poeae, which is represented in South Africa mainly by naturalized exotics. Chromosome numbers of 67 specimens, representing 26 species and 11 genera, are presented. These numbers include the first reports on Poa binata Nees (n = 3x = 21 and n = 4x = 28), Puccinellia acroxantha C.A.Sm. CE.Hubb. (n = 3x = 21) and P. angusta (Nees) C.A.Sm. C.E.Hubb. (n = x = 7). New ploidy levels are reported for Catapodium rigidum (L.) CE.Hubb.(n = 2x = 14), Festuca caprina Nees (n = 2x = 14) and F. scabra Vahl (n = x = 7).

Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 1. The tribe Aveneae, subtribe Aveninae

Bothalia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
S. K. Spies ◽  
S. M. C. Van Wyk ◽  
A. F. Malan ◽  
E. J. L. Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
The World ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

This is a report on chromosome numbers for 14 species of the subtribe Aveninae. which is largely naturalized in South Africa. This is the first chromosome number report for Helictotrichon longifolium (Nees) Schweick. (n = 14). H. longum (Stapf)Schweick. (n = 14). H. namaquensis Schweick. (n = 14) and Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. (n = 7, 21/2. 14). The subtribe has a basic chromosome number of seven, and fewer ploidy levels occur in the naturalized species in South Africa than in the same species in other parts of the world. All tetraploid specimens were alloploids.

Cytogenetic studies in the genus Pentaschistis (Poaceae: Arundinoideae)

Bothalia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Klopper ◽  
J. J. Spies
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 45 specimens, representing 16 taxa of the genus Pentaschistis (Nees) Spach confirmed two basic chromosome numbers (x = 7, 13) for the genus. Chromosome numbers for five species and one subspecies are described for the first time, i.e. P. aimides subsp.  jugorum (n = 2x = 14). P. colorata (n = 2x = 14). P densifolia (n = x = 7), P. linui (n = 6x = ± 42), P. rigidissima (n = x = 7, n = 3x = 21) and P viscidula (n = 3x = 21). Polyploidy occurs frequently and new ploidy levels are described m four of the species, namely P airoides (Nees) Stapf subsp. airoides (n = 3x = 21), P. cir- rhulosa (Thunb.) McClean (n = x = 7), P. eriostoma (Nees) Stapf (n = 3x = 39+0-4B) and P rupestris (n = 4x = 28) The majority of species form young polyploid complexes. There seems to be no correlation between cytogenetic data and mor­phological groupings within Pentaschistis.

Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 2. The tribe Aveneae, subtribes Phalaridinae and Alopecurinae

Bothalia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
S. K. Spies ◽  
S. M. C. Van Rooyen ◽  
A. F. Malan ◽  
E. J. L. Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
First Report ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

This is a report on chromosome numbers for the subtribes Phalaridinae and Alopecurinae (tribe Aveneae) which are. to a large extent, naturalized in South Africa. Chromosome numbers of 34 specimens, representing nine species and four genera, are presented. These numbers include the first report on Agrostis avenacea Gmel. (n = 4x = 28). New ploidv levels are reported for Phalaris aquatica L. (n = x = 7), Agrostis barbuligera Stapf var. barbuligera (n = 2x = 14 and n = 4x = 28) and A.  lachnantha Nees var.  lachnantha (n = 3x = 21).

scholarly journals In vitro responses in Passiflora species with different chromosome numbers, ploidy levels and nuclear 2C values: revisiting and providing new insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Torres Leite ◽  
Darley Aparecido Tavares Ferreira ◽  
Ariane Tonetto Vieira ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Life history and taxonomy of two populations of ligulate Desmarestia (Phaeophyceae) from Chile

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2948-2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ramirez ◽  
D. G. Müller ◽  
A. F. Peters
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Life History ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Monoecious Population ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of broad-bladed (ligulate) Desmarestia from central and southern Chile were studied in laboratory cultures. They differ in sporophyte morphology and gametophyte characters (monoecism versus dioecism). The dioecious population is found to be related to D. firma from South Africa and D. munda from the northeast Pacific, while the taxonomic status of the broad-bladed monoecious population is left undetermined. In both populations sporophytes originate after fertilization as well as by apomixis. Chromosome numbers alternate between ca. 23 and ca. 46. Evidence is presented that spermatozoids of the dioecious Desmarestia can develop into sporophytes (androgenesis or ephebogenesis).

scholarly journals Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Zohreh Babaee ◽  
Maryam Norouzi ◽  
Samaneh Mosaferi ◽  
Maryam Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Class B ◽  
Karyotype Analyses

Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).

scholarly journals Karyotype Analysis of Alnus Mill. (Betulaceae) Species Originating From Northeastern Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun ◽  
Ren Bao-Qing ◽  
Luo Peigao ◽  
Ren Zhenglong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Fossil Records

Abstract Alnus Mill. (alder) is an ecologically valuable tree genus. It is essential to study its genetic makeup in order to use alder trees to their full potential. Five specimens from four Alnus species (A. mandshurica, A. pendula, A. sibirica, and A. sieboldiana), found in northeastern Asia, were subjected to karyotype analysis. The analysis showed that these tree samples could be divided into three categories based on chromosome numbers or ploidy levels: viz., 2n = (4x) = 28, 2n = (8x) = 56 and 2n = (16x) = 112. The differences in chromosome number and karyotype parameters among Alnus species and even within the same species possibly resulted from natural polyploidization. Comparing the chromosome numbers of Alnus species in China with those in Japan showed that there appear to be only two categories in China, whereas there are up to five categories in Japan. The earliest fossil records of Alnus pollen were also discovered in Japan. We conclude that the center origin of Alnus spp. is Japan rather than China.

scholarly journals Cytogenetics and Genome Size Evolution in Illicium L.

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Connor F. Ryan ◽  
Lauren E. Deans ◽  
Nathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Basal Angiosperm ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Improvement Programs

Illicium is an ancient genus and member of the earliest diverging angiosperms known as the Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales (ANA) grade. These adaptable, broadleaf evergreen shrubs, including ≈40 species distributed throughout Asia and North America, are valued for diverse culinary, medicinal, and ornamental applications. The study of cytogenetics of Illicium can clarify various discrepancies and further elucidate chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome and genome size evolution in this basal angiosperm lineage and provide basic information to guide plant breeding and improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to use flow cytometry and traditional cytology to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy levels, and relative genome sizes of cultivated Illicium. Of the 29 taxa sampled, including ≈11 species and one hybrid, 2C DNA contents ranged from 24.5 pg for Illicium lanceolatum to 27.9 pg for Illicium aff. majus. The genome sizes of Illicium species are considerably higher than other ANA grade lineages indicating that Illicium went through considerable genome expansion compared with sister lineages. The New World sect. Cymbostemon had a slightly lower mean 2C genome size of 25.1 pg compared with the Old World sect. Illicium at 25.9 pg, providing further support for recognizing these taxonomic sections. All taxa appeared to be diploid and 2n = 2x = 28, except for Illicium floridanum and Illicium mexicanum which were found to be 2n = 2x = 26, most likely resulting from dysploid reduction after divergence into North America. The base chromosome number of x = 14 for most Illicium species suggests that Illicium are ancient paleotetraploids that underwent a whole genome duplication derived from an ancestral base of x = 7. Information on cytogenetics, coupled with phylogenetic analyses, identifies some limitations, but also considerable potential for the development of plant breeding and improvement programs with this genus.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

scholarly journals Introducing the Bird Chromosome Database: An Overview of Cytogenetic Studies in Birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago M. Degrandi ◽  
Suziane A. Barcellos ◽  
Alice L. Costa ◽  
Analía D.V. Garnero ◽  
Iris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Painting Probes ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Bird chromosomes, which have been investigated scientifically for more than a century, present a number of unique features. In general, bird karyotypes have a high diploid number (2n) of typically around 80 chromosomes that are divided into macro- and microchromosomes. In recent decades, FISH studies using whole chromosome painting probes have shown that the macrochromosomes evolved through both inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements. However, chromosome painting data are available for only a few bird species, which hinders a more systematic approach to the understanding of the evolutionary history of the enigmatic bird karyotype. Thus, we decided to create an innovative database through compilation of the cytogenetic data available for birds, including chromosome numbers and the results of chromosome painting with chicken (Gallus gallus) probes. The data were obtained through an extensive literature review, which focused on cytogenetic studies published up to 2019. In the first version of the “Bird Chromosome Database (BCD)” (https://sites.unipampa.edu.br/birdchromosomedatabase) we have compiled data on the chromosome numbers of 1,067 bird species and chromosome painting data on 96 species. We found considerable variation in the diploid numbers, which ranged from 40 to 142, although most (around 50%) of the species studied up to now have between 78 and 82 chromosomes. Despite its importance for cytogenetic research, chromosome painting has been applied to less than 1% of all bird species. The BCD will enable researchers to identify the main knowledge gaps in bird cytogenetics, including the most under-sampled groups, and make inferences on chromosomal homologies in phylogenetic studies.

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