scholarly journals Kunsvoeding en spening van die baba

Curationis ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G.W. Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

Whenever possible mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed their babies. If, however, the mother is unable or unwilling to do so the baby is bottle-fed. The goal of infant nutrition is a well nourished but not over nourished infant. In accomplishing this end, the infant may be either breastfed or artificially fed with cow’s milk, evaporated milk, or one of the many prepared formulas that are currently available. This article is also concerned with weaning and the introduction of solid foods.

The Use of Whole Cow's Milk in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Iron Deficient

The pediatrician is faced with a difficult challenge in providing recommendations for optimal nutrition in older infants. Because the milk (or formula) portion of the diet represents 35% to 100% of total daily calories and because WCM and breast milk or infant formula differ markedly in composition, the selection of a milk or formula has a great impact on nutrient intake. Infants fed WCM have low intakes of iron, linoleic acid, and vitamin E, and excessive intakes of sodium, potassium, and protein, illustrating the poor nutritional compatibility of solid foods and WCM. These nutrient intakes are not optimal and may result in altered nutritional status, with the most dramatic effect on iron status. Infants fed iron-fortified formula or breast milk for the first 12 months of life generally maintain normal iron status. No studies have concluded that the introduction of WCM into the diet at 6 months of age produces adequate iron status in later infancy; however, recent studies have demonstrated that iron status is significantly impaired when WCM is introduced into the diet of 6-month-old infants. Data from studies abroad of highly iron-deficient infant populations suggest that infants fed partially modified milk formulas with supplemental iron in a highly bioavailable form (ferrous sulfate) may maintain adequate iron status. However, these studies do not address the overall nutritional adequacy of the infant's diet. Such formulas have not been studied in the United States. Optimal nutrition of the infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing infant solid foods. To achieve this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk for the first 6 to 12 months. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is iron-fortified infant formula. Appropriate solid foods should be added between the ages of 4 and 6 months. Consumption of breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with age-appropriate solid foods and juices, during the first 12 months of life allows for more balanced nutrition. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.

Weaning Time

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1131
Author(s):  
HARRY F. LAWS
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Logical Time ◽  
To Come

To the Editor.— There seems to be a great deal of argument as to when a child should be switched from breast/formula to cow's milk. Supportive data are difficult to come by for an exact age, although recommendations abound. The consensus appears to favor the concept that excess cow's milk can lead to problems, especially if started at a very early age. Here is a method that I have been using in my practice for the last few years: Observing that weaning from the breast/bottle to a cup results in decreased milk consumption and overall caloric intake becomes supplemented with solid foods, this weaning time becomes a logical time to suggest starting cow's milk (as a decreased intake, decreases the "risks" associated with cow's milk intake).

scholarly journals Functional constipation related to cow’s milk allergy in children. A management proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Mariannita Gelsomino ◽  
Ester Del Vescovo ◽  
Giulia Bersani ◽  
Stefano Miceli Sopo
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relation ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cow’S Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk Allergy ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Many

Functional constipation (FC) is one of the most common disorders in childhood and has a neg-ative impact on the quality of life of children. Scientific evidence regarding a causal relation-ship between FC and cow’s milk allergy is controversial, as it is also reported by the latest European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition-North American Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN–NASPGHAN) rec-ommendations. In the case of FC, routine allergometric tests are not recommended and the cows’ milk-free diet is only proposed in the case of laxative-resistant constipation and only following the advice of an expert. Instead, after a careful review of the literature and in view of the many clinical cases encountered in our clinical practice, we believe that it is useful to propose cows’ milk-free diet as first line for the treatment of FC at least in pre-school children and in children with a personal or family history of atopy or with a previous diagnosis of cow’s milk protein allergy.

scholarly journals Patterns of the Consumption of Young Children Formula in Chinese Children Aged 1–3 Years and Implications for Nutrient Intake

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Dantong Wang ◽  
Yumei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Calcium Iron

The consumption of young children formula (YCF) is associated with reduced risk of inadequacies of nutrients that are frequently lacking in the diets of young children. In this study, we assessed the role of YCF in children’s diets and whether meeting dairy intake recommendations would improve nutrient intake in young Chinese children aged 12–36 months. Dietary intake data for children from the 2012 China Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Growth study were analyzed (n = 910). Nutrient intake was compared between YCF consumers and non-consumers, and the theoretical impact of meeting dairy intake recommendations by adding cow’s milk or YCF to children’s diets was assessed using diet modelling. The percent of children consuming YCF was 64.5% and was positively associated with family income and mother’s education level. Compared to non-consumers, YCF consumers had higher intakes of minerals (e.g., calcium, iron) and vitamins (e.g., C, D, B6) that are important for growth and immune function, and lower intakes of saturated fat. To meet dairy intake recommendations by adding either cow’s milk or YCF to children’s diets would improve intakes of vitamins and minerals in young Chinese children. YCF consumption contributes to the improvement of nutrient intakes in children aged 12–36 months in China.

COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-412
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Treatment of raw cow's milk with pancreatic proteolytic enzymes reduces curd tension to levels comparable to those achieved by many other methods suitable for the preparation of soft-curd milk. No other biologic or nutritional benefits have been shown to result from enzyme treatment of milk. No evidence is available for assigning any benefit in infant nutrition to the proteolytic activity naturally occurring in human milk or persisting in enzyme-treated cow's milk after pasteurization. Argument based on the mere existence of proteolytic enzymes in human milk cannot justify enthusiastic claims for use of enzyme-treated milk in infant feeding. The subject of enzymes in milk and their potential role in infant feeding has received scant attention; further study may reveal information which will call for reappraisal in the future.

Early Exposure to Cow's Milk and Solid Foods in Infancy, Genetic Predisposition, and Risk of IDDM

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kostraba ◽  
K. J. Cruickshanks ◽  
J. Lawler-Heavner ◽  
L. F. Jobim ◽  
M. J. Rewers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods

Nutrient Intakes of Formula-Fed Infants and Infants Fed Cow's Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
Michael B. Montalto ◽  
John D. Benson ◽  
Gilbert A. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Daily Dietary Intake ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Milk Solid

Twenty-four-hour dietary intake data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), 1976-1980, were analyzed to compare nutrient intakes among infants 7 to 12 months of age who were fed mixed diets containing solid foods and either infant formula or cow's milk. Solid foods fed to the infants in both groups were low in iron and linoleic acid, and high in sodium, potassium, and protein, relative to Recommended Dietary Allowances. Infants who were fed cow's milk received lower median intakes of iron (7.8 mg V 14.9 mg), linoleic acid (1.8 g v 6.1 g), and vitamin C (39 mg v 64 mg), and higher median intakes of protein (41 g V 25 g), sodium (1,000 mg v 580 mg), and potassium (1,630 mg V 1,020 mg) than formula-fed infants. Seventy-five percent of the infants fed cow's milk had iron intakes below the Recommended Dietary Allowance; 69% had sodium intakes above the range of estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake. Linoleic acid provided less than 3% of energy intake for 74% of the infants fed cow's milk. Differences in nutrient intakes were due not only to different concentrations of nutrients in each of the milk feedings but also to the different amounts and types of solid foods fed to the two groups of infants.

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